I-Biograge
U-Abraham Lincoln wazalelwa eHodgenville, eKentucky, ngoFebhuwari 12, 1809. UThomas Lincoln waba nguyise, umlimi ohlonishwayo, nomama - uNancy Hanks, owathuthela eWest Virginia. Maye, asikade simiselwe ukukhula emndenini ocebile. Akumiselwe imisiwe: Ngo-1816, isizathu sokuthi kube nephutha lezomthetho elibuhlungu liba yisiphetho sempahla yomlimi.
Umndeni wakwabhange wathuthela e-Indiana, wethemba ukuzama injabulo ekwakhiweni kwamazwe amasha wamahhala. Ngokushesha, kwafa amaHancy Hanks, futhi enze imisebenzi ethile yakhe yokunakekelwa kukaLincoln - kwaba ngudade omkhulu uSara. Ngo-1819, uThomas Lincoln, owalulama ekulahlekelweni, wathatha umfazi kaSaru-Bush Johston, ongumfelokazi, owake wabantwana abathathu ngaleso sikhathi kusukela emshadweni wokuqala. NgeSara-Bush, ubudlelwane obufudumele kakhulu baba nobudlelwano obufudumele kakhulu nomongameli wesikhathi esizayo, futhi kancane kancane waba ngunina wesibili.
U-Abrahama osemusha kwadingeka athathwe kunoma yimuphi umsebenzi wesikhashana wokusiza umndeni wakhe ukuba unciphise ngeziphetho. Kwakukhona okuhlukile ekudobeni nasekuzingeleni: Ngomsebenzi onjalo, uLincoln omncane akakaze athathe izimiso zakhe zokuziphatha.
U-Abhrahama waba ngowokuqala emndenini wakhe owafunda ukubala nokubhala, futhi nokuthanda kakhulu ukufunda. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi iqiniso lokuthi kuyo yonke le minyaka yakhe emisha, insizwa ethile yaya esikoleni, ingqikithi engaphezu konyaka. Waphoqeleka ukuthi asebenzele ukusiza izihlobo zakhe, kepha ukukhathala okungakhathali kwamsiza ukuba abe ngumuntu onekhono.
Lapho u-Abraham Lincoln eneminyaka engama-21, umndeni wakhe omkhulu wanquma ukunyakaza. Ngasikhathi sinye, insizwa ehlakaniphile ehlakaniphile, eyayikhula yango-193 cm, futhi izinga lehlonishwe alizange lingenele ulwazi lwanoma yimuphi ontanga obekufunda ngokugcwele esikoleni, wanquma ukuqala impilo ezimele. Kuze kube manje, wasebenza kahle ukuze kusizakale umndeni futhi wanika abazali bakhe yonke imali engenayo, kodwa imisebenzi enjalo ayizange ifanele ngomongo wempilo yakhe iyonke.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi indaba yempumelelo ka-Abraham Lincoln iyindaba engagcini ngokukhuthaza ukunqoba, kodwa futhi ibiza ama-slats kusuka ekuphelweni, okuhlala kwazi ukuthi usopolitiki wayehlala azi ukuthi kufanele amelane nesithunzi sangempela. Ngakho-ke, ngo-1832, wazama ukunqoba umhlangano womthetho we-Illinois, kodwa wehluleka. Ngemuva kwalokho uLincoln kakhulu ngokwengeziwe kunangaphambili, waqala ukutadisha isayensi (ikakhulukazi ayenentshisekelo ngakwesokudla).
Ngokufana nalokhu, insizwa ethile enkampanini nomngane wakhe izamile ukuthola imali esitolo sokuhweba, kepha ibhizinisi losomabhizinisi abasebasha baphume ezandleni kubi. U-Abrahama, waphoqa ukuthi acabangele ipeni ngalinye, wasindiswa kuphela ngokufunda okuningi futhi ephupha njalo. Cishe ngokufanayo, uLincoln wenze isimo sayo sengqondo esingesihle ebugqilini.
Ngemuva kwalokho, u-Abrahama osemusha wakwazi ukuthola okuthunyelwe komphathi weposi edolobheni laseNew Syetelene, nangemva kwesikhashana wathatha isikhundla somlimi. Ngezikhathi zokuhlala eSytelelene Lincoln uthole enye yezidlaliso zakhe ezaziwa kakhulu: "Weqiniso AB".
Le nqubomgomo ibisenemali eqinile, ngakho-ke kwakuvame ukuboleka kubangani bakhe. Kepha wayehlala ebuya izikweletu enambitha ngokugcina ngesikhathi, athole isidlaliso esinjalo.
Ukuqala komsebenzi wezepolitiki
Ngo-1835, u-Abraham Lincoln waphinda wazama ukunqoba umhlangano womthetho wesifundazwe sase-Illinois, futhi kulokhu wakwazi ukuphumelela. Ngo-1836, osopolitiki badlula ngempumelelo izivivinyo zesihloko esisemthethweni sabameli, sesifunde zonke izindawo zodwa. Kamuva, wasebenza isikhathi eside endaweni yezomthetho, kubandakanya, wathathwa amacala ayinkimbinkimbi futhi wenqaba ukuthola imali evela kwizakhamizi ezimpofu ezazidinga usizo lwayo. Ezinkulumo zakhe, u-Abrahama wagcizelela njalo amanani entando yeningi.
Ngo-1846, uthembekile u-AB wangena endlini yabamele iCongress. Njengasekhekhekeni emhlanganweni womthetho we-Illinois, waqokwa ephathini kaVigov. ILincoln yagxeka izenzo ezinolaka ze-United States empini yase-US Mexico, yasekela isifiso sabesifazane ukuthola umthetho wokuvota, yavezwa ngokukhululwa kwezwe okuphethwe yisigqila.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, u-Abhrahama kwadingeka asuke kwezepolitiki isikhashana, ngoba isimo sakhe sempi engemihle ngempi yaseMelika - yaseMexico, eyayithandwa kakhulu kule nqubomgomo yakhe yombuso. Ngaphandle kokufafaza ikhanda njengomlotha ngenxa yalokhu kwehluleka, uLincoln waqala ukukhokha isikhathi esiningi ekusebenzeni kwezomthetho.
Ngo-1854, iphathi yeRepublican yase-United States yadalwa, echitha ukuqedwa kobugqila, kwathi ngo-1856 osopolitiki waba yingxenye yamandla amasha ezepolitiki. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi abantu abaningi abake baba yiPhathi leVigi bangena ephathini yeRepublican.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, yena, kanye nommeleli we-Democratic Party, uStephen Douglas, wagijimela eSenate yase-US. Ngesikhathi sempikiswano, uLincoln waphinda waveza isimo sakhe sengqondo esingesihle ebugqilini, okwamvumela ukuba bakhe idumela elihle, yize alahlekelwa okhethweni.
UMongameli we-U.S.A
Ngo-1860, u-Abraham Lincoln waqokwa njengokhetho lukaMongameli ephathini yeRepublican. Wayaziwa ngezimiso zakhe ezisebenza kanzima, eziphakeme zokuziphatha eziphakeme, wayenenkazimulo yendoda evela kubantu. Amaqiniso athakazelisayo ngezepolitiki ngenzalo afundwa ekhasini lamaphephandaba, futhi izithombe zalo zahlotshaniswa njalo nokwethembeka nangobuqhawe. Ngenxa yalokho, osopolitiki bawina okhethweni ngokuthayipha amavoti angaphezu kwama-80%.
Kodwa-ke, abaphikisi bakaMongameli osanda kukhethwa nabo babenakho okuningi. Izinqubomgomo zakhe ezazikhipha amathuba okusabalalisa ubugqila zabangela isitatimende sezifundazwe eziningana mayelana nokuphuma kwe-United States. Izitatimende zikaMongameli ukuthi ukuqedwa kobugqila kulawo mazwe lapho sekuvele kusebenza khona, esikhathini esizayo esiseduze asihleliwe, sehlulekile ukuxazulula ukungqubuzana okukhona phakathi kwabasekeli bezincekukazi kanye nabaphikisi bayo.
Impi Yombango e-USA
Impi phakathi komnikazi wezigqila eziyi-15 kanye nezifundazwe ezingama-20, lapho kwakungekho khona isikhungo sobugqila, saqala ngo-1861 sahlala saze safika ku-1865, saba isivivinyo esikhulu kuMongameli osanda kukhethwa. Kule mpi, ukufa kwakhe ngaphambi kwesikhathi kwahlangana nomyalo wobukhulu obukhulu bezakhamizi zaseMelika kunanoma yikuphi ukushayisana okuhlomile lapho izifundazwe zibambe iqhaza khona.
Impi yayihlanganisa izimpi eziningi ezincane nezikhulu futhi yaphela ngokuhambisana nokwehliswa kwezivumelwano, izifundazwe ezikhuluma ubunikazi bezinceku zihlangene. Izwe kwakudingeka lenze inqubo enzima yokuhlanganisa abakhululiwe kubantu emphakathini waseMelika.
Ngesikhathi sokuthula, intando yeningi kwakuyinzalo eyinhloko kaMongameli. Wabeka yonke imizamo ukuze ngisho nasempini yombango empini yombango isebenze ngempumelelo uhlelo lwe-bipartisan, ukhetho lokukhuluma nezinye inkululeko yezehlakalo zabantu zasendlini e-United States zasala.
Ithemu lesibili nokubulala
Ngesikhathi seminyaka yempi, u-Abraham Lincoln uthole izitha eziningi. Kodwa-ke, uMongameli wadlalwa ngokuqedwa kokudluliselwa kwezakhamizi eziboshiwe enkantolo, ngenxa yawo wonke ama-Deserchers, kanye nabalandeli abashisekayo kakhulu besakhiwo senceku, bangaboshwa ngokushesha.
Ngabathanda abantu kanye noMthetho mayelana nekhaya, ngakho-ke umfokazi, owaqala ukucubungula umhlaba kwesakhiwo esithile nokwakhiwa kwawo kukho, kwaba ngumnikazi wawo ogcwele.
Konke lokhu kwavumela uLincolNo ukuthi aphinde adlale isikhathi sesibili, noma kunjalo, ukuphatha izwe lakhe lokuzalwa kuye, maye, kwakungelona isikhathi eside. Ephreli 14, 1865, ezinsukwini ezinhlanu ngemuva kokuphela kokusemthethweni kweMpi Yombango, u-Abraham Lincoln wabulawa enkundleni yemidlalo yaseFord uJohn Wilke BOM, owakhuluma ngasohlangothini lwaseNingizimu nobani. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngokunembana okuningi kwatholakala phakathi kwezimo zokufa kukaLincoln nokuthi uJohn Kennedy wabulawa kanjani ngemuva kwekhulu leminyaka.
Kuze kube manje, uLincoln uthathwa njengomunye wabamongameli baseMelika abavimbela ukuhlukaniswa kwesizwe futhi wenza umzamo omkhulu wokukhulula amaMelika ase-Afrika. EWashington, isithombe sikaMongameli, njengesibonakaliso sokwazisa ngabantu bonke baseMelika, sakhiwe eWashington. Izilinganiso 16 UMengameli wase-US waba yingxenye yabantu baseMelika.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Othembekile ab, cishe, ahlushwa yisifo esinjalo njenge-marfan syndrome. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umlingani ka-Abrahama obalulekile wayecindezelekile: Basho lokho ebusheni bakhe, insizwa yaze yazama ukunikela naye kaningana.
Ngo-1840, uMongameli wesikhathi esizayo wahlangana noMariya Todd, kwathi ngo-1842 lo mbhangqwana washada. Unkosikazi wayehlala exhasa lowo oshade naye kuyo yonke imizamo yakhe, ngokushesha nje lapho eshonile efeni.
Kwazalwa amadodana amane emndenini, kodwa, maye, izingane eziningi zakwaLincoln zifele enganeni noma emncane. Ukuphela kwengane kaMariya no-Abrahama, owasinda lapho eneminyaka yobudala futhi washona esegugile - indodana endala uRobert Todd Lancoln.