I-Biograge
UFrederick Francois Chopin - Umqambi omkhulu onothando, umsunguli wesikole sasePoland Pianistic. Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, akazange adale umsebenzi owodwa weSymphony Orchestra, kepha izingoma zalo zepiyano ziphezulu kakhulu kobuciko bomhlaba.
Umculi wesikhathi esizayo wazalwa ngonyaka we-1810 emndenini wothisha wasePoland kanye ne-gutener nicolas Chopin kanye ne-tech kaJustin Ksizhinovskaya, abe yiqhaza. Edolobheni laseZheryovzov, lokuthi ngaphansi kweWarsaw, isibongo sikaChopin sasithathwa njengomndeni ohlakaniphile oqondayo.
Ababelethi bakhulisa izingane zabo ukuthandana ngomculo, izinkondlo. Umama wayengumdlali wepiyano nomculi omuhle, wakhuluma ngokuphelele ngesiFulentshi. Ngaphezu kukaFrederick omncane emndenini, kwalethwa amadodakazi amathathu, kepha umfana kuphela owakhombisa amakhono amakhulu epiyano.
Ukuba nokuzwela okukhulu kwengqondo, uFrederick omncane angahlala amahora amaningi avela ethubeni, athathe noma afunde imisebenzi efana. Kakade ngisencane, washaya amakhono akhe omculo nothando ngomculo. Umfana waqala ukukhuluma namakhonsathi cishe iminyaka emi-5, futhi eneminyaka engu-7 ubudala usuvele wangena ekilasini ngepiyano elidumile lasePoland ngalesosikhathi ku-Wojcuchi ngokuphila. Ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu, uFrederick waphenduka waba ngupiyano wangempela we-pianist-vianuoso, okuthi, ngokwezikhono zobuchwepheshe nakwisicucu, wayengekho ngaphansi kwabadala.
Ngokuhambisana namakilasi kulo mdlalo epiyano, uFrederick Chopin waqala ukuthatha izifundo zokwakheka okuvela kumculi kaJoseph Elsner eyaziwa eWarsaw. Ngaphezu kwemfundo, le nsizwa idlula eYurophu, ivakashela ama-Opera Prague Theatre, Dresden, Berlin.
Ngenxa yeNkosana yePrince Anton Radzingesse, umculi osemusha waba ngumphakathi omkhulu. Wavakashela insizwa enethalente naseRussia. Umdlalo wakhe uphawulwe nguMbusi Alexander I. njengomklomelo, umdlali osemusha wanikezwa indandatho yedayimane.
Umculo
Njengoba uzuze okuvelayo kanye nesipiliyoni sokuqala komqambi, eminyakeni engu-19 yesikodina eqala umsebenzi wakhe wepiyano. Amakhonsathi asetshenziswa ngumculi eWarsaw naseKrakow, umlethela ukuthandwa okukhulu. Kepha uhambo lokuqala lwaseYurophu, uFrederick uthathe unyaka kamuva, waphumela emculweni ngokuhlukana nezwe.
Ngesikhathi eseJalimane nezinkulumo, uChopin ufunda ngokucindezelwa kokuvuka kwesiPolish eWarsaw, omunye wabasekeli bakhe ayeyikho. Ngemuva kwezindaba ezinjalo, umculi osemusha waphoqeleka ukuba azohlala kwelinye izwe eParis. Ngenkumbulo yalo mcimbi, umqambi wabhala i-Opus Enupes yokuqala, iparele lakhe laliyinguquko edumile ye-Etude.
EFrance, uFrederick Chopin owenziwe ngokuyisisekelo ezindlini zabathengi bakhe kanye nabangane abasezingeni eliphakeme. Ngalesi sikhathi, ubhala amakhonsathi akhe okuqala epiyano, ekwenzile ngempumelelo ezigcawini zaseVienna naseParis.
Iqiniso elithandekayo le-biography kaChopin ngumhlangano wakhe eLeipzig ngeJalimane-Romor Robert Shuman. Ngemuva kokulalela ukusebenza kwe-pianist young young polish kanye nomqambi, umJalimane wababaza: "Madoda, asuse izigqoko, lobu buhlakani." Ngaphezu komshula, isiHungary Ferenic Ferrenc Ferrenic Fans abalandeli abalandeli. Wancoma umsebenzi womculi wasePoland waze wabhala nomsebenzi omkhulu wokucwaninga ngokuphila nomsebenzi wesithombe sakhe.
Ukuqamba izimbali
Amashumi amathathu ekhulu le-XIX aba yi-Heyday yobuciko bomqambi. Ngaphansi komqondo wezinkondlo zomlobi wePoland u-Adam Mitskevich, uFrederic Chopkin wenza ama-ballads amane anikezelwe kwiPoland yawo nangomdabu kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho kwakhe ngesiphetho sakhe.I-melodism yale misebenzi igcwele izakhi zezingoma zePoland Folklore, imidanso kanye nezinkulumo zokuphinda. Le yimidwebo ebukhali ye-lyric lyric evela empilweni yabantu babantu, ihambile ngokusebenzisa intengo yababhali. Ngokungeziwe kuma-ballads ngalesi sikhathi, u-4 Scherzo, waltza, imazirki, i-polona kanye nocturons zivela ngalesi sikhathi.
Uma i-waltz emisebenzini ye-sopin iba uhlobo lwe-autobiographical uhlobo, oluxhumene kakhulu nemicimbi yempilo yakhe uqobo, khona-ke iMazuriki nasePolobana ingabizwa ngokufanele ebhange lezithombe zezwe. AmaMazurks avezwa emsebenzini kaChodin hhayi ngemisebenzi edumile ye-lyrical, kodwa futhi futhi enobuntu noma, kunalokho, imidanso yabantu.
Umqambi, ngokuya ngomqondo wezothando, odluliswa ngokuyinhloko ubunikazi bamazwe bakazwelonke, usebenzisa izici zomsindo nomqondo womculo wabantu basePoland kanye nencazelo yokwakha izingoma zawo zomculo. Le yi-boourdon edumile, ukulingisa imisindo yamathuluzi e-folklore, lokhu kungukuvumelanisa okubukhali, okuhlanganiswe ngobuchule nomculo we-polish wezemvelo osusiwe isigqi.
Omusha omusha uvula uFrederick Chopin nohlobo lwe-nocturne. Uma igama le-nocturne lalibhalwe ngokuhunyushwa ngokuhunyushwa kwe- "Night Song", bese emsebenzini womqambi wePoland, lolu hlobo luphenduka umdwebo omangalisayo we-lyrical. Futhi uma ukugeleza kokuqala kwama-nocturn alo kuzwakala njengencazelo yemvelo yemvelo, imisebenzi yokugcina iya ngokuya ijula emkhakheni wokuhlangenwe nakho okubuhlungu.
Enye yezihloko ze-wizard evuthiwe ibhekwa njengomjikelezo wayo, oqukethe amareludi angama-24. Wabhalwa ekwakheni iminyaka yobudala beFrederick yothando lokuqala nobuhlobo obuphulayo nothandekayo. Ukukhethwa kohlobo kuthinte ukukhonjwa kwe-chopin ngalesi sikhathi i. S. S. Baha.
Ukutadisha umjikelezo wokungafi kombusi nokwethulwa kwenkosi yaseJalimane, umqambi osemusha wasePoland wakhulelwa ukubhala indatshana efanayo. Kepha ezothando zinemisebenzi enjalo yathola imibala yomuntu siqu yomsindo. UPrelude Chopin ngokuyinhloko umncane, kepha imidwebo ejulile yokuhlangenwe nakho kwangaphakathi komuntu. Balotshwe ngendlela yedayari yomculo ethandwa ngaleyo minyaka.
Chodin-uthisha.
Udumo lukaChopin lungafanele hhayi kuphela kwimisebenzi yalo yomqambi nemisebenzi yekhonsathi. Umculi onethalente wasePoland wazibonakalisa njengothisha ogqamile. UFrederick Chopin unguMdali wendlela eyingqayizivele ye-pianoset, eyasiza upiyano abaningi ukuze athole ubungcweti bangempela.
Ngaphezu kwabafundi abanethalente, uChopin ufunde izibhamu eziningi ezivela kwimibuthano e-aristocratic. Kepha ngokweqiniso kwazo zonke izigceme zomqambi kwaduma ngo-Adolf Gutman, kamuva owaba ngumdlali wepiyano kanye nomhleli womculo.
Izithombe ze-sopin
Phakathi kwabangane beChopin, kungenzeka ukuthi ngeke uhlangane nabaculi kanye nabaqambi. Wayenesifiso somsebenzi wababhali, abaculi bamaRoma Romal, imfashini ngaleso sikhathi zabathwebuli bezithombe ze-novice. Ngenxa yobutha obuguquguqukayo beChopin, imidwebo eminingi ebhalwe ngamakhosi ahlukahlukene, adume kakhulu kuwo umsebenzi we-Ezhen Delacroix.
Ibhalwe ngendlela engajwayelekile yothando, isithombe somqambi sigcinwa manje emnyuziyamu weLouvre. Okwamanje, izithombe zomculi wasePoland ziyaziwa nangokuthi. Izazi-mlando okungenani zine-Dou Gugurotype okungenani, lapho uFrederick Chopin edonswa khona ngocwaningo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaFrederick Chopin yayibuhlungu. Naphezu kokuzwela kwalo nobumnene, umqambi empeleni akazange athole imizwa yenjabulo egcwele ngokugcwele empilweni yomndeni. Ukhethwe okokuqala kukaFrederick kwakungu-compatriot wakhe, omncane uMaria Vodzinskaya.
Ngemuva kokuzibandakanya kwabantu abasha, abazali bomakoti babeka phambili isidingo somshado kungabikho ngaphambi konyaka. Ngalesi sikhathi, babenethemba lokufunda umqambi kangcono futhi baqiniseke ngokuvumelana kokuvumelana kwezimali. Kepha uFrederick akazange athethelele amathemba abo, futhi ukugabha kwaqedwa.
Umzuzu wokuhlukana nomculi wakhe othandekayo ukhathazekile kakhulu. Lokhu kwathinta umculo owabhalwa nguye lowo nyaka. Ikakhulu, ngalesi sikhathi, i-sonata yesibili edumile ivela ngaphansi kwepeni lakhe, ingxenye ehamba kancane yayo yabizwa ngokuthi "inkathi kaMashi".
Ngemuva konyaka kamuva, wahlatshwa umxhwele okukhethekile okuphuma phambili, okwakubonwa yiParis lonke. I-Baroness ebizwa nge-aurora dudevan. Wayengumuntu fan of the feminism osafufusa. I-Aurora, ayinamahloni, igqoke imvunulo yabesilisa, yayingashadanga, kepha imthanda kakhulu ubudlelwane. Ukuba nengqondo eyinkimbinkimbi, le ntokazi yabhalwa phansi yaholwa ngamanoveli ngaphansi kwesihlabathi se-pseudonym georges.
Umlando wothando lwe-chopin oneminyaka engu-27 ubudala no-Aurora oneminyaka engu-33 ubudala wakhula ngokushesha, kepha lo mbhangqwana awuzange ukhangise ubuhlobo bakhe isikhathi eside. Noma kwesinye sezithombe zakhe uFrederick Chopin akathunjwa kwabesifazane bakhe. Ukuphela kwesithombe lapho umqambi aboniswe khona futhi kwavezwa isihlabathi sikaGeorge, ngemuva kokushona kwakhe kwatholakala engxenyeni ephukile.
Isikhathi esiningi, abathandi bachitha ngobunikazi bangasese be-Aurora Dudevan eMallorca, lapho uChodin ayenesifo, kamuva eyaholela ekufeni okuzinzile. Isimo sezulu esisemanzi esiqhingini, ubudlelwane obukhulu nabathandekayo kanye nokuxabana kwabo okuvalekile kwavusa isifo sofuba kumculi.
Abaningi abajwayele ukubonwa ngombhangqwana ongajwayelekile baphawula ukuthi ukubalwa okungokwezifiso kwaba nethonya elikhethekile kuFrederick okhuluma kahle. Noma kunjalo, akuzange kumvimbele ekwakheni upiyano waKho wokungafi.
Ukushona
I-Health Chopin, eyabi kakhulu minyaka yonke, yagcina yancishiswa yigebe kusuka esihlabathini sayo esithandekayo ngoGeorge ngo-1847. Emva kwalokho, umcimbi wephukile ngokuziphatha nangokomzimba, upiyano uqala ukuvakasha kwawo kokugcina kwe-UK, lapho ahamba khona nomfundi wakhe uJane ovuthayo. Ukubuyela eParis, waphinde wanikeza amakhonsathi, kodwa ngokushesha nje kwakungekho muntu futhi engasekho asukume.
Abantu abaseduze nabo ababesondele kumqambi zonke izinsuku zokugcina bebengathandana naye udadewabo omncane u-Ludwick kanye nabangane baseFrance. UFrederick Chopin ushone maphakathi no-Okthoba 1849. Isizathu sokufa kwakhe sesibe nzima tuberculolosis.
Ngokusho kweTestamente Lomqambi, inhliziyo yakhe yakhishwa esifubeni yayisa ezweni lakubo, isidumbu sangcwatshwa ethuneni emathuneni aseFrance. Indebe enenhliziyo yomqambi nanamuhla ivaliwe kwelinye lamasonto amaKatolika ePoland Capital.
Izigxobo zithandwa kangaka nquma futhi futhi ziyaziqhenya ngabo ukuthi kufanele bacabangele ukudala kwakhe ngefa likazwelonke. Ngokuhlonipha umqambi, iminyuziyamu eminingi ivulekile, kuwo wonke amadolobha kukhona izikhumbuzo kumculi omkhulu. Imaski ye-pothererick ye-Frederick kanye nokuphonswa ezandleni zakhe kungabonakala emnyuziyamu we-ogatini eZnavaya Will.
Ngenkumbulo yomqambi, izikhungo eziningi zemfundo ye-Music zemfundo zibizwa, kubandakanya ne-Warsaw Conservatory. Igama likaChopin kusukela ngo-2001 ligqoka isikhumulo sezindiza sasePoland, esitholakala endaweni yeWarsaw. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi elinye lama-terminals libizwa nge- "etud" ekukhumbuleni ukwakhiwa okungafi komqambi.
Igama lobuhlakani basePoland lithandwa kakhulu phakathi kwama-connoisseurs omculo nabalaleli abajwayelekile, ukuthi amanye amaqembu omculo wanamuhla alisebenzisa futhi adale izingoma ze-lyrical, afana nezemisebenzi ye-chopin, futhi efanekisela kubo ngombhali. Ngakho-ke ekufinyeleleni kwamahhala ungathola ama-Musical plays abizwa nge- "Autumn Waltz", "Imvula yeWaltz", "Ingadi ye-Edene", ababhali bangempela bakaPaul de Senneville no-Oliver Tusken.
Umsebenzi
- Amakhonsathi kapiyano nge-Orchestra - (1829-1830)
- Mazurki - (1830-1849)
- Polona - (1829-1846)
- Nocturins - (1829-1846)
- UWaltza - (1831-1847)
- Sonata - (1828-1844)
- Ama-prelude - (1836-1841)
- Ama-etude - (1828-1839)
- UScherzo - (1831-1842)
- Ama-Ballades - (1831-1842)