I-Biograge
UMikhail Glinsa ungumqambi waseRussia, umsunguli we-Opera Kazwelonke YaseRussia, uMlobi we-Operas World odumile "impilo yenkosi" ("u-Ivan Susanin") no "Ruslan noLyudmila".
UGlinka Mikhail Ivanovich wazalelwa estate ehlala ehlane lomndeni wakhe esifundeni iSmolensk ngoMeyi 20 (June 1) ka-1804. Uyise wayeyinzalo yabantu basePoland baseRash. Abazali bomqambi wesikhathi esizayo babalelwa ezihlotsheni zobude obude. Unina kaMikhail u-Evgeniy u-Evgeniy Glinka-Zemka wayengudadewethu wesibili kayise - u-Ivan Nikolayevich Glinka.
Umfana wayebuhlungu futhi waba buthaka. Iminyaka yokuqala eyishumi yempilo yakhe yahlanganyela eminyakeni eyishumi yokuqala yokuphila kwakhe, umama kaFetha Alexandrovna. Ugogo wayengowesifazane ongaguquki futhi oqinile, otshalwe emntwaneni owukukhulisa nokungabathusaba. Wafunda umzukulu kaFocla Alexandrovna ekhaya. Isithakazelo sokuqala emculweni sabonakala umfana osebuntwaneni lapho ezama ukulingisa ukukhala kwensimbi ngosizo lwezinto zasekhaya zethusi.
Ngemuva kokushona kukagogo wakhe, umama wakhe wathatha imfundo kaMikhail. Wahlela indodana eSt. Petersburg Guesthouse, lapho kwakufundwa khona izingane ezikhethiwe ezinhlelweni. Lapho, uMikhail wahlangana ne-pushkin ye-LV nomfowabo omdala. U-Alexander Sergeevich wavakashela lesi sihlobo futhi wayazi yena abangane abaseduze, omunye wawo kwakunguMikhail Glinka.
Endlini yezivakashi, umqambi wesikhathi esizayo waqala ukuthatha izifundo zomculo. Uthisha wakhe amthandayo wayeyi-pianist carl mayer. UGlinka ukhumbule ukuthi lo thisha uthonywe ukwakheka kokunambitheka kwakhe komculo. Ngo-1822, uMikhail uthweswe iziqu ekufundeni endlini ebodini. Ngosuku lokukhululwa, kanye neMener yathisha enza obala ikhonsathi ye-gummel yepiyano. Inkulumo iphumelele.
Isiqalo sesiqalo
Izingoma zokuqala ze-glinka zingesikhathi sokukhishwa esisezingeni lesivakashi. Ngo-1822, uMikhail Ivanovich waba ngumbhali wezothando eziningana. Omunye wabo "ungahlabeleli, muhle," naye "wabhalwa ngamavesi ka-Alexander pushkin. Umculi womuntu ongumculi nembongi kwenzeka ngenkathi efunda, kodwa eminyakeni embalwa ngemuva kokukhululwa kukaGlinke esuka eGlinka, abantu abasha baba abangane ngezinto ezijwayelekile.
UMikhail Ivanovich, kusukela ebuntwaneni, wahlukaniswa ngempilo engeyinhle. Ngo-1923, waya eCaucasus ukuthi enze ukwelashwa ngamanzi amaminerali. Lapho, wavuma ama-landscapes, wafundela ubuhlakani bezendawo kanye nobuciko babantu, wenza impilo. Ngemuva kokubuya eCaucasus, uMikhail Ivanovich cishe washiya indawo yakhe ejwayelekile, wakha izingoma zomculo.
Ngo-1924, waya enhlokodolobha, lapho ahlala khona eMnyangweni Wezijaja nemiyalezo. Akukhonzwa futhi iminyaka emihlanu, uGrinki washiya phansi. Imbangela yokukhuluma ngensizakalo kwakuwukuntuleka kwesikhathi samahhala somculo. Impilo eSt. Petersburg iveze uMikhail Ivanovich ethandana nabantu abadala abadala besikhathi sakhe. Imvelo iye yaqonda umqambi isidingo sobuciko.
Ngo-1830, impilo kaGlinke yaba yimbi, umculi waphoqeleka ukuba ashintshe ukudedelwa kwePetersburg ngesimo sezulu esifudumele. Umqambi waya ekwelashweni eYurophu. Uhambo lokuzijabulisa oluya e-Italy Glinka luhlanganiswe nokufunda okuhle. EMilan, umqambi wahlangana noDonizetti noBellini, bafunda i-opera neBelkanto. Ngemuva kweminyaka emine yokuhlala e-Italy, uGillinke waya eJalimane. Lapho, wathatha izifundo eSiegfried Dena. Ukuphazamisa ukuqeqeshwa uMikhail Ivanovich kwadingeka ukuba afe ngenxa yokufa kukaYise okungalindelekile. Umqambi usheshe wabuyela eRussia.
Umsebenzi wokuchuma
Umculo wawunawo yonke imicabango kaGlinka. Ngo-1834, umqambi waqala ukusebenza ku-Opera yakhe yokuqala "u-Ivan Susanin", kamuva owabizwa ngokuthi "impilo ye-Tsar". Igama lokuqala lendatshana labuyiselwa ezikhathini zaseSoviet. I-Opera isenzo senzeka ngo-1612, kepha ukukhethwa kwesakhiwo kuthonywe yimpi yango-1812, okwenzeka phakathi nobuntwana bomlobi. Lapho eqala, uGillinke wayeneminyaka eyisishiyagalombili kuphela ubudala, kepha ithonya lakhe ekwazini komculi lagcinwa amashumishumi eminyaka.
Ngo-1842, umqambi aphothula emsebenzini e-Opera yakhe yesibili. Umsebenzi we- "Ruslan noLyudmila" wethulwa ngosuku olufanayo no-Ivan Susanin ", kodwa ngomehluko weminyaka eyisithupha.
UGlinka wabhala i-opera yakhe yesibili. Kwamthatha iminyaka eyisithupha ukuze aphothule kulo msebenzi. Ukudumazeka komqambi kwakungewona umkhawulo lapho umsebenzi ungaphumelelanga ngephutha. Ukugxekwa kwe-Wal kugxekile umculi. Futhi ngo-1842 umqambi wayenenkinga empilweni yakhe, eyayithonya impilo engokomzwelo neyomzimba kaGillink.
Ukunganeliseki ngempilo kuqhume uMikhail Ivanovich ukuthatha uhambo olusha oluzayo oluya eYurophu. Umqambi wavakashela amadolobha amaningana eSpain naseFrance. Kancane kancane, wabuyisela ugqozi lwakhe lokudala. Umphumela wohambo lwakhe kwakuyimisebenzi emisha: "Aragon Khota" kanye "Memory of Castile". Impilo eYurophu yasiza uGlinsa ukubuyisela ukuzethemba. Umqambi waya eRussia futhi.
Okwesikhashana, uGillinka uchithe efeni lokuzalwa, wabe esehlala eSt. Petersburg, kepha impilo yezwe yayikhathele umculi. Ngo-1848, wazithola eWarsaw. Lapho, umculi waphila iminyaka emibili. Lesi sikhathi sokwakheka komqambi simakwe ngokwakha ama-symphonic fantasy "Kamarinskaya".
UMikhail Ivanovich wasebenzisa iminyaka emihlanu edlule yokuphila. Ngo-1852, umqambi waya eSpain. Isimo sempilo yomculi sasibuthakathaka, kwathi lapho uGillinna efika eFrance, wanquma ukuhlala lapho. IParis imnandi. Ukuzwa ukunyuka kobungqabavu, umqambi waqala ukusebenza e-Symphony of Taras Bulba. Njengoba sesiphilele cishe iminyaka emibili eParis, umculi onawo wonke ama-ethayimu akhe okudala abuyela ekhaya. Isizathu salesi sinqumo kwakuwukuqala kwempi yaseCrimea. I-Symphony "Taras Bulba" ayikaze iqedwe.
Ukubuyela eRussia ngo-1854, umculi wabhala amaMemoirs, ashicilelwe ngemuva kweminyaka engu-16 ebizwa ngokuthi "amanothi". Ngo-1855, uMikhail Ivanovich waqamba i-romance "ngomzuzu wokuphila okunzima" kumavesi uMikhail Lermontov. Ngemuva konyaka, umqambi waya eBerlin.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-Biography kaGlinsa yindaba yothando yomuntu omculo, kepha kwakukhona umqambi futhi impilo yomuntu siqu ejwayelekile. Ngesikhathi behamba eYurophu, uMikhail waba yiqhawe lokuhlekisa okuningana. Ukubuyela eRussia, umqambi wanquma ukushada. Ngokwesibonelo sikababa wami, wakhetha izihlobo zakhe ezinde kubangane bakhe. Unkosikazi womqambi waba nguMaria (uMarya) Petrovna Ivanova.
Abalingani babenomehluko oneminyaka eyishumi nane, kepha umqambi akazange akuyeke. Umshado waphenduka wangame. UMikhail Ivanovich washeshe wabona ukuthi wayenephutha ngokuzikhethela. Izibopho zomshado zibopha umculi oshade naye ongathandwa, futhi inhliziyo yanikezwa omunye umuntu wesifazane. UCatherine Kern waba uthando olusha lomqambi. Le ntombazane ibiyindodakazi kaMuse Pushkin, u-Alexander Sergeevid anikezele inkondlo "Ngikhumbula umzuzu omuhle."
Ubuhlobo bukaGlinka noLinalivu buhlala iminyaka ecishe ibe ngu-10. Okuningi kwalokhu umculi washada ngokusemthethweni. Unkosikazi wakhe osemthethweni uMaria Ivanova, ongahlali emshadweni osemthethweni, waqala ukufuna ama-Amur adventures ohlangothini. UGlinka wayazi ngezikhathi zakhe. Umlingani wamukisa umculi emfucumfucwini, eshabalala futhi washintsha. Umqambi wayecindezeleke kakhulu.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisithupha umshado noGlinka Maria Ivanov ngasese washada ngasese i-Cornet Nikolai Vasilchikov. Lapho lesi simo sivulwa, uGlinke wathola ithemba ngesehlukaniso. Sonke lesi sikhathi, umqambi waqukethe ubudlelwano noCatherine Carne. Ngo-1844, umculi wakuqonda ukuthi ubukhulu bezinkanuko zothando ze-Ugas. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, wathola isehlukaniso, kepha akazange ayishade noKatherine.
UGillin noPushkin
UMikhail Ivanovich no-Alexander Sergeevich babephila ngesikhathi. I-Pushkin yayingumdala kaGlinke iminyaka emihlanu nje. Ngemuva kwe-MIKHAIK IVANVIVIC yangena iminyaka engaphezu kwamashumi amabili, kwakukhona izintshisakalo eziningi ezivamile no-Alexander Sergeyevich. Ubungani bentsha baqhubeka nokufa kabi kwembongi.
UGlinsa wakhulelwa u-Opera Ruslan noLyudmila ukuze bakwazi ukusebenza nge-pushkin. Ukufa kwembongi kwehlise kakhulu inqubo yokwakha i-opera. Ngenxa yalokho, ukuhlelwa kwakhe kwaphela. UGljka ubizwa nge- "Pushkin kusuka emculweni", ngoba wenza umnikelo weposi ofanayo ekwakhekeni kwesikole se-opera sikazwelonke saseRussia njengomngane wakhe ekuthuthukiseni izincwadi zaseRussia.
Ukushona
EJalimane, uGillinka wayefunda ubuciko bukaJohann Sebastian Baha nabantu ayephila nabo. Ngaphandle kokuhlala eBerlin nangonyaka, umqambi wafa. Ukufa kumfikele ngoFebhuwari 1857.
Umqambi wangcwatshwa ngesizotha emathuneni amancane amaLuthere. Ezinyangeni ezimbalwa kamuva, udadewenu omncane kaGlinke uLilyudmila wafika eBerlin ukuhlela ukuthwala umfowabo kaGruch ezweni lakubo. Ibhokisi elinomzimba womqambi kusuka eBerlin kuya eSt. Petersburg lathuthwa ebhokisini lekhadibhodi elinombhalo "Porcelain".
ISressinkeli Glinsa eSt. Petersburg e-Tikhvin Cemetery. Itshe lethu lethuna elivela ethuneni lokuqala lomqambi lisatholakala eBerlin endaweni yamathuna ama-Orthodox aseRussia. Ngo-1947, isikhumbuzo esiya eGlinko sasifakelwa lapho.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- UGlinka waba ngumlobi wezothando "Ngikhumbula umzuzu omuhle," okwabhalwa emavesini ka-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkin. Imbongi yanikela ngomugqa wenkosikazi yakhe u-Anna Kern, noMikhail Ivanovich enikezelwe emculweni wendodakazi yakhe uCatherine.
- Ngemuva kokuthi umqambi athole izindaba zokufa kukamama ngo-1851, isandla sakhe sokunene sasithatha. Umama wayengowomculi umuntu osondele kakhulu.
- UGlinka angaba nezingane. Umculi we-Lover ngo-1842 wakhulelwa. Umqambi ngalesi sikhathi washada ngokusemthethweni futhi akakwazanga ukuthola isehlukaniso. Umculi wanikeza uCatherine curne inani elikhulu lemali ekulahleni uChad. Owesifazane ushiye cishe unyaka esifundeni sePoltava. Ngokwesinye sezinguqulo, ingane yasazalwa, ngoba i-Ekaterina Kern yayilahlekelwe isikhathi eside kakhulu. Ngalesi sikhathi, imizwa yomculi iyaphela, washiya isifiso. UGlinka, ngasekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, ngazisola kakhulu ngokuthi ngicele i-Ekaterina ukuqeda ingane.
- Umculi iminyaka eminingi wafuna isehlukaniso nomkakhe uMaria Ivanova, ehlose ukushada neCatherine Caer yakhe engimthandayo, kodwa esethole inkululeko, wanquma ukulahla umshado. Washiya isifiso sakhe, wesaba izibopho ezintsha. U-Ekaterina Kern wayelinde cishe iminyaka eyi-10 umqambi azobuyela kuye.