I-Biograge
I-Shostakovich Dmitry Dmitrievich - Umthombo weSoviet, Umlingiswa WeSoviet, uthisha, udokotela womlando wezobuciko, umdwebi wabantu we-USSR, omunye wabaqambi abakhulu kakhulu bekhulu lama-20.
UDmitry Shostakovich wazalwa ngoSepthemba 1906. Umfana wayenodadewethu ababili. Indodakazi endala kaDmitry Ballovovich noSophia Vasilyevna Shostakovichi ebizwa ngokuthi uMaria, wazalwa ngo-Okthoba 1903. Udadewabo omncane kaDmitry uthole igama elithi Zoya ngokuzalwa. Uthando lomculo uShostakovich azuze abazali bakhe. Yena nodadewabo babenomculo omkhulu. Izingane kanye nabazali abavela kulomncane babamba iqhaza emakhonsathini athuthukiswe ekhaya.
UDmitry Shostakovich kusukela ngo-1915 wafunda endaweni yokuzivocavoca yezentengiselwano, ngasikhathi sinye waqala ukuya ezifundeni ezweni elidumile lomculo wangasese we-Ignatia Albertovich Glasser. Ukutadisha uMculi odumile, uSlostakovich wathola amakhono amahle okuphambana, kepha umeluleki akazange afundise izingoma, futhi le nsizwa bekufanele yenze eyakhe.
UDmitry ukhumbule ukuthi i-glass wayeyindoda eyisidina, uNarcissistic futhi engathandeki. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, le nsizwa yanquma ukushiya inkambo yokufunda, yize umama ngale ndlela avimbe lokhu. Shostakovich, ngisho nangasencane, akazange ashintshe izinqumo zakhe futhi washiya isikole somculo.
Ezikhumbuzweni sakhe, umqambi wakhuluma ngomcimbi owodwa ka-1917, owashayeka ngokuqinile. Lapho eneminyaka eyi-11, uSlostakovich wabona isiposo esahlakaza isixuku sabantu, sachitha umfana. Emncane, uDmitry, ekhumbula ngale ngane, wabhala umdlalo obizwa ngokuthi "ukuhawulwa imashi yenkumbulo yezisulu zenguquko."
Imfundo
Ngo-1919, uShorakovich waba ngumfundi wePetrograd Conservatory. Ulwazi olutholwe nguye ngonyaka wokuqala wesikole lwasiza umqambi omncane ukuba aqede indatshana yawo yokuqala ye-Orchestral - Scherzo Fis-Moll.
Ngo-1920, uDmitry Dmitrievoich wabhala ama-bambi krylov amabili kanye "nomdanso wezinto ezintathu ezimnandi" upiyano. Lesi sikhathi sempilo yomqambi osemusha sihlotshaniswa nokubukeka kukaBoris Vladimirovich Asafyev noVladimir Vladimirovich Scherbachev ezindlini ezizungezile. Abaculi babeyingxenye yombuthano "u-Anna Fogh".
UShostakovich wafunda ngenkuthalo, yize ayehlangabezana nobunzima. Isikhathi sasilambile futhi sayinkimbinkimbi. Iphakethe lesitolo labafundi be-Conservatory lalincane kakhulu, umqambi omncane wayelambile, kodwa akazange ashiye umculo. Uvakashele ama-Philharmonic nasemakilasini, yize alambele futhi ebanda. Kwakungekho ukufudumala endaweni elondoloziwe ebusika, abafundi abaningi babegula, kwakukhona amacala omphumela obulalayo.
Ezikhumbuzweni sakhe, uShostakovich wabhala ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi, ubuthakathaka bokomzimba bamphoqa ukuba ahambe ngezinyawo. Ukufika eConservatory ku-tram, kwakudingeka ukuncipha esixukwini salabo abafisa, njengoba kwezokuthutha bekungakavamile. UDmitry wayebuthakathaka kakhulu kulokhu, waphuma endlini kusenesikhathi futhi wahamba ngezinyawo.
IShostakovichi idinga imali ngempela. Isimo lesi sikhulisa ukufa komoya womndeni uDmitry Moleslavovich. Ukuthola imali, iNdodana yahlala nokusebenza itheyipu e-cinema "ribbon ekhanyayo". Cishe ngalesi sikhathi uShostakovich wakhunjulwa ngentunya. Umsebenzi wawukhokha kancane futhi ukhathazekile, kepha uDmitry wakhuthazela, njengoba umndeni udingeka ngempela.
Ngemuva kwenyanga, Shostakovich waya kumnikazi we-cinema akim lvovich vovynsky's cinema ukuthola iholo. Isimo besingemnandi kakhulu. Umnikazi weRibbons "ekhanyayo" enziwe nge-Dmitry ngesifiso sakhe sokuthola amapeni atholwayo, aqiniseka ukuthi abantu ubuciko akufanele banakekele uhlangothi lwempilo.
Ingxenye yesamba seShostakovich eneminyaka eyishumi nesikhombisa yavela, konke okunye kungatholakala kuphela. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, lapho uDmitry esevele enodumo emibuthanweni yomculo, wamenyelwa kusihlwa senkumbulo ka-Akim Lvovich. Umqambi weza futhi wabelana ngezinkumbulo zakhe zokuhlangenwe nakho kokusebenza ngeVolyn. Abahleli besihlwa bathukuthele.
Ngo-1923, uDmitry Dmitrievch uthweswe iziqu e-petrograd conservatory ekilasini likapiyano, kwathi ngemuva kweminye iminyaka emibili ekilasini. Umsebenzi wediploma womculi kwakunguSymphony No. 1. Umsebenzi wagcwaliseka okokuqala ngo-1926 eLeningrad. Induna yezangaphandle ye-symphony yenzeka ngonyaka owedlule eBerlin.
Ukudala
Eminyakeni yamashumi amathathu ekhulu leminyaka elidlule, uShostakovich wethule abalandeli be-opera yakhe yobuciko "Lady Mcbet Mcbet Mtsensky County". Ngalesi sikhathi, waqeda nomsebenzi ngaphezu kwezihlanu ze-Symphony yakhe. Ngo-1938, umculi waqamba i- "Jazz Suite". Isiqephu esidume kakhulu salo msebenzi kwakungu "Waltz No. 2".
Ukuvela kokugxekwa ephrintiwe eSoviet maqondana nomculo kaShostakovich amphoqa ukuthi abukeze ukubheka kwakhe umsebenzi wakhe. Ngalesi sizathu, i-Symphony yesine ayivezwa ngumphakathi. UShostakovich wayeka ukuvuselela emuva maduze ngaphambi kwe-premiere. Umphakathi wezwa i-symphony yesine emashumini ayisithupha ekhulu lamashumi amabili.
Ngemuva kweBlockade yeLeningrad, Dmitry Dmitrievch wacubungula i-wiring yomsebenzi walabo abalahlekile futhi waqala ukucubungula imidwebo egcinwe ipiyano. Ngo-1946, amakhophi e-Symphony yesine kuwo wonke amathuluzi atholakala ezinqolobaneni zamadokhumenti. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-15, lo msebenzi wethulwa emphakathini.
Impi enkulu yokuthanda izwe yathola uShostakovich eLeningrad. Ngalesi sikhathi, umqambi waqala ukusebenza nge-Symphony yesikhombisa. Ukushiya i-Leningrad evinjiwe, uDmitry Dmitrievoivch wathatha uhlaka lobuciko obuseduze. I-Symphony yesikhombisa ikhazinyulisiwe iShostakovich. Yaziwa kakhulu ngokuthi "Leningrad". I-Symphony yagcwaliseka okokuqala eKuibyshev ngoMashi 1942.
Ukuphela kwempi Shostakovich kwabeka indatshana ye-Symphony yesishiyagalolunye. Induna yakhe yenzeka eLeningrad ngoNovemba 3, 1945. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, umqambi wayephakathi kwabaculi abeza ku-Opal. Umculo wakhe waqashelwa ngokuthi "abantu baseSoviet bomunye umuntu." UShostakovich wanciphisa isihloko sikaprofesa esitholwe ngo-1939.
Njengoba kunikezwe izitayela zesikhathi, uDmitry Dmitrievch ngonyaka we-1949 wethula engomeni kahulumeni kaCantatu "yamahlathi". Umsebenzi oyinhloko womsebenzi wawukudunyiswa kweSoviet Union kanye nokubuyiselwa kwayo kokunqoba eminyakeni yangemva kwempi. UCantata waletha umqambi emzuzweni we-stalin kanye nendawo enhle yabagxeki nabaphathi.
Ngo-1950, umculi ophefumulelwe yimisebenzi ye-Bach kanye ne-landscape of Leipzig waqala indatshana yamagama angama-24 namathumbu epiyano. I-Symphony yeshumi yabhalwa nguDmitry Dmitrievch ngo-1953, ngemuva kokuphazamiseka kweminyaka eyisishiyagalombili emsebenzini e-Symphony iyasebenza.
Ngemuva konyaka, umqambi wadala ama-symphony aphezulu, igama elithi "1905". Engxenyeni yesibili yamashumi amahlanu, umqambi wajula ohlotsheni lwekhonsathi yensimbi. Umculo wakhe usechitheke ngokwengeziwe ngesimo nangemizwa.
Eminyakeni yokugcina yokuphila kwakhe, uShorakovich wabhala ezinye izingoma ezine. Ubuye waba ngumbhali wemisebenzi eminingana yezwi kanye nama-quartets entambo. Umsebenzi wokugcina weShostakovich kwakunguSonata we-viola nopiyano.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Abantu abasondelene nomqambi bakhumbula ukuthi impilo yakhe yomuntu siqu yaqala ngempumelelo. Ngo-1923, uDmitry wahlangana nentombazane egama linguTatiana Gylinee. Abantu abasha babenemizwa ethile, kodwa iShostakovich, isigcwele isidingo, ayizange isize ukwenza isigwebo esithandekayo. Intombazane eyayineminyaka engu-18 ubudala, yathola iphathi ehlukile. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, lapho ibhizinisi likaShostakovich liphuca kancane, waphakamisa uTatiana ukuba ahlukane nomyeni wakhe kuye, kodwa othandekayo wenqaba.
Ngemuva kwesikhashana, uShostakovich washada. Okhethiweyo wakhe kwakunguNina Vazar. Unkosikazi wanikeza uDmitry DmitriEivch iminyaka engamashumi amabili futhi wabeletha izingane ezimbili. Ngo-1938, uShostakovich wazala okokuqala. Wayenendodana kaMaxim. Ingane encane kunazo zonke emndenini yayiyindodakazi kaGalina. Umfazi wokuqala kaShostakovich washona ngo-1954.
Umqambi washada kathathu. Umshado wesibili waphenduka washeshisa, uMargarita Kaino noDmitry Shostakovich abaqhathanise abalingiswa futhi basungula isehlukaniso ngokushesha.
Okwesithathu umqambi ashada ngo-1962. Unkosikazi womculi waba u-Irina Supinskaya. Unkosikazi wesithathu wawunakekela ngokwethembeka iShostakovich eminyakeni yokugula.
Isifo
Engxenyeni yesibili yamashumi ayisithupha, uDmitry Dmitrievch wagula. Isifo sakhe sasingahlekisi ekuhlolweni, kodokotela baseSoviet bahlanjululwe kuphela ngezandla zabo. Umlingani womqambi wakhumbula ukuthi umyeni wakhe uqokwe ama-Vitamin Courses ukunciphisa ijubane inqubo yokuthuthukiswa kwezifo, kepha lesi sifo sathuthuka.
IShostakovich yahlushwa iCharcot (i-amyotrophic sclerosis). Imizamo yokwelapha umqambi owenze ochwepheshe baseMelika kanye nodokotela baseSoviet. Ngokweseluleko seRostapovich, uShostakovich waya eKurgan ukuze amukelwe nguDkt Iling. Ukwelashwa okuhlongozwe ngudokotela kwasiza isikhashana. Lesi sifo saqhubeka nokuthuthuka. UShostakovich walwa nokugula, wenza icala elikhethekile, wathatha imishanguzo ngewashi. Induduzo yakhe yayivakashele njalo kumakhonsathi. Esithombeni saleyo minyaka, umqambi uvame ukuboniswa umkakhe.
Ngo-1975, uDmitry Dmitrievoich nomkakhe baya eLeningrad. Kwakunekhonsathi, lapho kwenziwa khona uthando lukaShostakovich. Umculi ukhohliwe kwaqala kunokujabulisa umbhali. Lapho ebuyela ekhaya, lowo oshade naye wabangela ukuba "i-ambulensi" umyeni wakhe. I-Shostakovich yathola ukuhlaselwa yinhliziyo yathatha umqambi esibhedlela.
Impilo kaDmitry Dmitrievch yaphuka ngo-Agasti 9, 1975. Ngalolu suku, wayezobheka nenkosikazi yakhe ibhola ewadini lesibhedlela. UDmitry wathumela i-Irina ngeposi, kwathi lapho ebuya, oshade naye wayeseshonile.
Umqambi wembelwa emathuneni aseNovodevichy.