I-Biograge
Izwi lale ndoda laba lidume ngempela, likulethela umnikazi wenkazimulo, udumo nokwakha umsebenzi ophumelele ochwepheshe. Ithalente elingavamile, ngisho nesipho, senziwe uYuri Levitan abe yisimemo kuwo wonke amakhaya kuyo yonke iSoviet Union. Ulethe zonke izindaba zomndeni ezijabulisayo nezidabukisayo, okubikwa ngemininingwane ebalulekile yokubaluleka koMbuso.
USomlomo uLevitan waba yizwi lenkathi ephelele emlandweni wezwe, wasinda kanye naso sonke esinye sezilingo ezinzima kakhulu ezalethwa ukunqoba abantu baseSoviet. Isisho esithi "sithi iMoscow" yaba yiKhadi Lomkhiqizo uYuri Borisovich.
Igama langempela kanye ne-patonymuly kaLevitan lapho uzalwa - uYuka Berkovich. Wazalwa ngo-1914 edolobheni laseVladimir. Ubuzwe bomndeni lawaziwa nangezibonakaliso zangaphandle, nakumagama - amaJuda. I-Boy Rose iphansi, iyaziqhenya impela, ne-curly chapel enobudlova kakhulu.
Kusukela endulo, uYuri wahlukaniswa phakathi kontanga ngezwi elinamandla amakhulu - wayevame ukucelwa omakhelwane ukuba bazibizile bahlale bamkhulule, bese kwenzeka izwi likaLevililo. UJura ophilayo omkhulu wawusilwane esifuywayo kubo bonke omakhelwane, wayenabangani abaningi futhi wakhulisa ingane ejabule.
Kusukela ebuntwaneni, uYuri onamandla uYuri waphupha ngokubopha impilo yakhe nge-cinema, wayephupha ngenkazimulo nodumo lwayo yonke inyunyana. Ukuthi bagijimela emigwaqweni bacela ukushiya i-autograph. EVladimir, wathola inkomba kumasampula esikoleni sezobuchwepheshe sephrofayili.
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, uLevitan ufika eMoscow futhi akadlulisi esiteji sokukhetha seKhomishini Yokuthola. Kuyiqiniso, umlingisi eYuri Borisovich akazange abone - ukukhula okuphansi, umzimba omncane, ulimi oluthile olwakhiwe ngokungafanele nokuntuleka kwesithombe esicacile kuvinjelwe umashiqela abe yinkanyezi yefilimu nethelevishini.
Mhlawumbe umhlaba ubungeke wazi ngoLevitan uma isiphetho ngokwaso singamphakamisi ukuba azame isandla sakhe emsebenzini emsakazweni. Endleleni enamasampula esikoleni sobuchwepheshe, uYuri wabona isimemezelo esingakholeki ukuthi kwavulwa isethi yezikhulumi. Wanquma ukuzwa inhlanhla futhi akazange alahlekelwe.
Kuyiqiniso, ikomidi lokwamukelwa kuqala alibonanga sina silingane. Uvele ngaphambi kweKhomishini Yezinsizwa Ezingenangqondo, Ezicathulweni Zezemidlalo nangezinwele ezingaqondakali. Ngaphezu kwalokho, waba nokugcizelelwa kwesifunda okuqinile. Kodwa-ke, izwi likaLevitan lahlasela ochwepheshe - Wayecace, eqinile futhi isigubhu, i-timbre yayivelakancane, icishe yahlukahluka. Ngokushesha wanikelwa umsebenzi othile emsakazweni njengengxenye yeqembu labafundi eRadiocomite.
UYuri Borisovich waqala ngendima ye-charm yamaphephandaba kanye namakhekhe weKhofi ngezikhulumi ezivelele. Kwakuwusuku, futhi ebusuku wachitha amahora amaningi, esebenza ekuphimisweni kwakhe. Wafunda konke ngokulandelana - prose, Poems, News, kwakwenza, kumi, kuvimbela isimo, ngezinye izikhathi ngisho nokuvuka imilenze yakhe.
Isikhulumi esiphezulu esizayo sezwe ngendlela eqondile sasusa "okwenele", sawubeka embuzweni futhi sathuthukisa idatha yakhe yezwi yemvelo ecebile. Ngenza izwi lami line-sonorous, melodic futhi lidle konke. Kancane kancane, kwaqala ukudedelwa ngobusuku ether - uLevitan wafunda izingqinamba ezintsha zesikhathi, ukuze izakhamizi zezifunda ezikude zezwe ziqale ukuzwa izindaba ezibaluleke kakhulu zeMoscow.
Isiqalo sesiqalo
Olunye ubusuku obunjalo selusekupheleni kukaYuri Borisovich Chaing. Usemzini wokulinganisa nokufunda ngokucophelela iphephandaba eliphilayo, eveza i-ajenda yosuku oluzayo ezweni. Futhi bengazi ukuthi kule mizuzu embalwa umuntu oyinhloko wezwe elalela ubusuku bakhe ether.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi inhloko yeSoviet Union yasebenza ebusuku inomsakazo womsakazo othandekayo. Futhi izwi eliqinisekile, elicebile nelingahlaba umxhwele kaLevi lethuzwa futhi lawazisa kakhulu uJosefa Stalin uqobo. UJoseph VissarionOVich ngokuphuthumayo wabiza ikhanda lomsakazo futhi wabika ukuthi umbiko wakhe weqembu leqembu emsakazweni kufanele afunde lo mmemezeli, leli "zwi."
Ngosuku olulandelayo, uYuri, owayekade ekhathazeke kakhulu futhi wayeseduze kokuphela kokuphela kwezinzwa, wahlala phansi ukuze afunde umbiko we-stalin emoyeni wangempela. Emahoreni amade amahlanu, ummemezeli wenziwa lo msebenzi, akakaze aphuthume noma enze iphutha. Ngakho-ke, empeleni, ngolunye usuku, uLevi waba yizwi elikhulu lezwe.
Izwi lokunqoba
Isikhathi esinzima kakhulu somsebenzi kaLevitan saqala, kunjalo, isikhathi kusukela ngo-1941 saya ku-1945. Nguye lowo, onqobayo ukwesaba nokushaywa kwakhe, wazisa kakhulu izakhamizi zezwe ukuthi uHitler wamemezela impi eya enyunyana. KwakunguLevitan owayebikele lonke ulwazi mayelana nezimpi ezifika efika ehhovisi le-Soviet Lession.Iminyaka emihlanu emihlanu, wayesebenza eqinisweni ngaphandle kokuphumula - izakhamizi zaseSoviet Union zivuke naye zalala zilele. Izwi lika-Yiry Borisovich lalalelwa amasosha ngaphambili, abasebenzi abangasemuva futhi bathuthela abantu, abantu emadolobheni ahlala khona.
Ngo-1941, uYuri wakhushulwa enhlokodolobha eya eSverdlovsk, ngakunye nami ngaya emsebenzini ngokuthola imfihlo ephelele kaSomlomo wase-Olga Vyysotskaya. Basebenze ngokuhlanganyela kumakrofoni, bazisa abakhileyo e-USSR mayelana nenqubekela phambili yezenzakalo, babakhuthaza ithemba nokholo lokuthi ukunqoba kungenzeka futhi kungenzeka.
Kunenganekwane inhlangano phakathi kweLevitan kanye ne-ambulensi eyayinamagciwane aqine kakhulu kubantu abathi uHitler babiza abakwethuli ukuthi bathole futhi bathathe imali enkulu yokufa kwakhe.
Ngo-1945, uLevi wabikela ukunqoba okulindelwe isikhathi eside phezu kwesitha. Kwakunengqondo - nguYuri Borisovich kuphela, ofunda ukumenyezelwa kokuqala kwempi, angaqedela le ngxenye ebuhlungu yomlando wezwe.
Iminyaka Yezempi
Ngemuva kwempi, ummemezeli wayeka ukusebenza emsakazweni, efunda izindaba ezijwayelekile. Izwi elihlotshaniswa nabo bonke abahlali base-USSR ngezindaba ezinhle, eziyinkimbinkimbi futhi zibucayi, abakwazanga ukushintshaniswa ngokudlula kwemiyalezo yolwazi. ULevi uqala ukuzwa amafilimu amadokhumenti ngempi, okuholayo mayelana nama-veterans, kuqhuba imibiko emicimbini eyinhloko yezwe eRed Square.
Bambalwa abantu abakwaziyo, kepha kuze kube yinkulungwane yenkulumo ka-Levitan emsakazweni baphile bukhoma, ngakho-ke awekho amarekhodi emisakazo yakhe yomsakazo. Yonke labo audio, okuthi eRussia yanamuhla ethathwa njenge-ENTRIA "LEVITAN, eyazisa ngempi", empeleni yaqoshwa ngokwahlukana, eminyakeni eminingi kamuva. Aziqukethe lezo hhayi imizwa engamanga eyayisinda lapho kumemeza kulawo makhonkolo, kodwa ngokujwayelekile zinikeza umbono womsindo we-Yuri Borisovich eminyakeni yempi.
UYuri Borisovich waba yisikhulumi sokuqala emlandweni wezwe, owathola isihloko somdwebi wabantu.
Ukushona
ULevitan wasala isikhulumi esiyinhloko sezwe kulo lonke umsebenzi, ngakho-ke zonke izinsuku ezibalulekile nezizathu ezihambisana nempi yokuthanda izwe ayephathwa ngaphandle kokubamba iqhaza kwakhe. Ngo-1983, isikhulumi esikhulu samenyelwa ezweni lakubo, esifundeni saseBelgorod, ukuze umcimbi ngokubamba iqhaza kwabakwaTempiot Veterans eduze naseKurk. Ngisho nangaphambi kohambo, uYuri waphawula ukuthi wayengenampilo.
ULevitan wanquma ukuhamba ngokuqinile, kodwa akekho owake wabalindele ukuthi ukushisa okungabekezeleleki nelanga kungaholela ekungeneni kwesifo senhliziyo. Imbangela yokufa kwakungumbala we-prosaic, iminyaka yobudala kanye nokuhluleka kwenhliziyo ngokumelene nokushisa okuphezulu komoya kwaholela emphumeleni onzima kangako.
Umngcwabo walo muntu omkhulu wenzeka eMoscow, ithuna likaLevitan lisemathuneni eNovodevichy.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Wayedume ezweni lonke, kepha lapho ebhekene neLevitan, amayunithi azi ukuthi asondele ozakwabo, abangane kanye nezihlobo. UYuri Borisovich unezwi elidumile elingahambelani nokubukeka kwakhe. Lokhu kwamnika ilungelo lokuthola ubumfihlo ngaphandle kokungenelela kusuka kubadlulayo abangahleliwe - ngabalandeli.
U-Yuri Levitan wayenomndeni ogcwele iminyaka engu-11 - umfazi onothando nezingane ezifundile. Kodwa-ke, umshado wawa, umlingani wezwi elikhulu leSoviet Union waya kwenye indoda, eshiya umndeni. Ngale ndlela, umshado wesibili wowesifazane akahlali isikhathi eside, wasuka futhi wasuka kule ndoda indodana yakhe ezandleni zakhe.
U-Yuri akazange aphethe umshado wesibili nomunye umuntu wesifazane, esele empeleni okukodwa kuze kube sekupheleni kwezinsuku zakhe. Waqala ukuhlala ndawonye nomkhwekazi wangaphambili, owabathandana nomkhwenyana. Kamuva, indodakazi kaNevitan yaLevitan yajoyina endlini. Lapho indodakazi iqala umndeni wakubo futhi yabeletha indodana yakhe, uYuri Borisovich wathuthela efulethini elihlukile esakhiweni esiseduze sokuhlala.
Emndenini kaLevi ngemuva kokufa kwakhe, kwenzeke usizi olukhulu - ekuqaleni kwenkulungwane entsha, indodakazi yakhe okuwukuphela kwayo yabulawa. Umsolwa oyinhloko kwakunguMzukulu yury Borisovich, owayenomama wakhe efulethini ngesikhathi sokufa. Ukubulala kwangempela kwenzeke kanjani, nokuthi kwaholelwa kukho - kusekumele kusungulwe umphumela. Leli bhizinisi lambozwa kabanzi emaphephandabeni.