I-Biograge
NgoMeyi 11, 1904, emndenini we-notary-catalan salvador u-Dali-I-usi uyabonakala endodaneni yeNdodana. Umbhangqwana oshadile ngaleso sikhathi usevele washonelwa yizibulo labothandwayo ka-El Salvador, owashona eneminyaka emibili kusukela ekuvuvukeni kobuchopho, ngakho-ke kwanqunywa ukunikeza igama elifanayo enganeni yesibili. Kuhunyushwe kusuka eSpain, kusho uMsindisi.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umama wengane kaFelipe uFelipe ngokushesha waqala waqala ukulandelela futhi wacindezela indodana yakhe, ngenkathi uBaba ehlala eqinile enzalweni yakhe. Umfana ukhule ingane ebabazekayo futhi ehle kakhulu. Lapho esefunde iqiniso ngomfowabo odala eminyakeni emi-5, waqala ukuba kuleliqiniso lokuthi wayenethonya ngokwengeziwe i-psyche yakhe esheshayo.
Ngo-1908, kwavela indodakazi ka-Ana Maria Dali emndenini kaDali, kamuva waba ngumngane wakhe omkhulu womfowabo. Umfana ovela ebuntwaneni ubusencane wawuthathwa ngokudweba, futhi kwavela kahle. Ekamelweni lokusetshenziswa, e-El Salvador yakhele umhlangano lapho athatha umhlalaphansi khona amahora amaningi ebuhlakani.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1929 kwaletha ushintsho empilweni yomuntu siqu kaSalvador Dali nezihlobo zakhe. Uhlangane kuphela nothando lwempilo yonke - u-Elena Ivanovna Dyakonov, ongumfuduki waseRussia, ngaleso sikhathi okwakungunkosikazi wenkondlo wensimu ye-Eloara. Wazibiza ngeGala Elur futhi wayemdala kunomculi iminyaka eyi-10.Ngemuva komhlangano wokuqala, uDali noGala babengakaze bahlukane futhi, futhi uyise nodadewabo bavela kule nyunyana. USalvador-Sr. Kuncishwe indodana yakhe yosizo lwezezimali lwengxenye yakhe, futhi u-Ana Maria wachitha ubudlelwano bokudala naye. Abathandi abasanda kuthulwa bahlale bahlala ogwini lwesihlabathi emakhedeni emjondolo omncane ngaphandle kwezinto, lapho iSalvador iqala ukudala indalo yakhe yokungafi.
Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, basayina ngokusemthethweni, kwathi ngo-1958 bathola umshado wabo. Isikhathi eside, lo mbhangqwana wawuphila ngenjabulo, kanti ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1960, lesi sifo asiqalanga ebuhlotsheni babo. IGala elidala lafisa ama-jellies ama-jernellies nabafana abancane, futhi uDali waqala ukuthola induduzo embuthanweni oyintandokazi. Kumkakhe, uthenga isigodlo ePolela, lapho kungavela khona kuphela ngemvume yeqembu lezigelekeqe.
Cishe iminyaka eyi-8 yemnyuziyamu yakhe kwakuyimodeli yaseBrithani ye-Amanda LIR, lapho u-El Salvador ahlotshaniswa khona nobudlelwano be-petonic kuphela, wanele ukubuka uthando lwakhe amahora amaningi futhi ajabulele ubuhle bakhe. U-Amanda u-Amanda wabhubhisa ubuhlobo babo, futhi banikeza ngaphandle kokuzisola kuye kwahlukana naye.
Ukudala
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi esikoleni waziphatha kabi futhi wangazifundelanga yena, uYise wamnika ezifundweni zokupenda umdwebi wendawo uRamon Piccot. Ngo-1918, umbukiso wokuqala womsebenzi wale nsizwa wenzeka emthonjeni wendabuko. Amathafa omhlaba avezwa kuwo, ukwakheka kwalo kwanikezwa okuphefumulelwe indawo enhle yedolobha. Kuze kube yiminyaka yamuva nje, uSalvador uzohlala eyisisekelo esikhulu se-catalonia.
Kakade emisebenzini yokuqala yomdwebi osemncane, kungabonakala ukuthi ngamasu akhethekile akhulisa amasu ezincwadi zabacindezeli, ama-cubists kanye nezinkondlo. Ngaphansi kobuholi bezobuciko bobuciko bakaProfesa, uNunhens Dali udala imidwebo "Tetushka anna yokuthunga eKadaques", "i-Twilight Old" kanye nabanye. Ngalesi sikhathi, umdwebi osemncane uyayithanda i-European avant-garde, ufunda uFreud, uNietzsche. USalvador ubhala futhi ukhombisa izindaba ezincane kumagazini wendawo. Kuma-glueres, kuthola udumo oluthile.
Lapho le nsizwa iphenduka eneminyaka engu-17, umndeni wayo ubhekene nokulahlekelwa okukhulu: Umama ushona emdlavuza webele unyaka wama-47. Ubaba wanikezwa ukuphela kwempilo yakhe ngeke asuse ukulila umkakhe, futhi isimo sika-El Salvador uqobo siyoba yinzuzo ngokuphelele. Njengoba ubhalisile ngokuphelele ngonyaka ofanayo eMadrid Academy of Arts, uzoqala aqala ukuziphatha ngokudelela kothisha nakubafundi. Icebo leFrance elizikhukhumezayo lalithukuthela lithukuthele phakathi kwabaprofesa balesi sikole, futhi banikezwa kabili kwisikhungo semfundo. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlala enhloko-dolobha yaseSpain kwavumela laba bantu abajwayele.
UFederico Garcia Lorca, uPablo Picasso noLuis Bunuel baba abangane bakhe, bathinta kakhulu ukukhula kobuciko be-El Salvador. Kepha hhayi nje ubuhlakani obuboshwe abantu abasha. Kuyaziwa ukuthi uGarcia Lorca akazange anqikaze ukuvezwa kwakhe okungajwayelekile, futhi abantu besikhathi saso baphikisana nobudlelwano bakhe noDali. Kepha uSalvador wayengenabo ubungqingili, noma ngabe yize ayengasho lutho ekuziphatheni kwezocansi.
Ukuziphatha okuhlazo nokuntuleka kwemfundo yobuciko yezemfundo akuvimbanga uSalvador wanikeza eminyakeni embalwa kamuva ukuthola udumo lomhlaba. Imisebenzi yakhe yalesikhathi yayithi: "I-Port-Alger", "Owesifazane osemusha obonakala emhlane", "Isibalo sabesifazane ewindini", "umfanekiso wokuzenzela", "kuveza isithombe sikaYise". Futhi umsebenzi we- "basket nesinkwa" ngisho nokushaya umbukiso wezizwe e-United States. Imodeli eyinhloko, eyayihlala ibeka umdwebi ukuthi yakha izithombe zabesifazane ngalesi sikhathi, iba ngudadewabo kadadewabo u-Ana Maria.
Imidwebo emihle kakhulu
Umsebenzi wokuqala odumile womculi uthathwa njenge- "Confiden of Memory of Memory", ekhombisa ukugeleza kusuka etafuleni ngewashi eliwuketshezi ngokumelene nesendlalelo solwandle olunesihlabathi. Manje isithombe sisendaweni e-United States eMnyuziyamu wobuciko besimanje futhi sithathwa njengomsebenzi odumile kakhulu we-Master. Ngosizo lwe-Gallowm ethandekayo, izindawo zokuchazwa ziqala ukubanjwa emadolobheni ahlukahlukene aseSpain, naseLondon naseNew York.UGenaya ubona umvikeli we-viscount Charles de Noeiil, okuthi ngentengo ephezulu kuqhuma imidwebo yakhe. Ngale mali, abathandi bathola indlu ehloniphekile eduzane nedolobha lasePort Lygata, elisendaweni yasolwandle.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uSalvador Dali wenza esinye isinyathelo esinqumayo esiya empumelelweni yesikhathi esizayo: Ujoyina umphakathi we-surrealist. Kepha lapha i-eccentric catalan ayihambisani nohlaka. Noma phakathi kwezibhikisho kanye nokuphazamiseka kobuciko bendabuko, njenge-Breton, i-ARP, uDe Kiriko, erst, Miriyo, uDali ubukeka njengekhoba elimhlophe. Ungena ekungqubuzana nabo bonke ababambe iqhaza ekunyakazeni nasekupheleni kumemezela uCredo wayo - "Surrealism yimi!".
Ngemuva kokufika kukaHitler waya emandleni eJalimane, imicabango yezocansi engenasisekelo iqala ngosopolitiki, ethola inkulumo yawo kumsebenzi wobuciko, futhi lokhu kwathukuthelisa ozakwabo. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Eva weMpi Yezwe II, uSalvador Dali uzwakalisa ubuhlobo bakhe neqembu labaculi baseFrance namaqabunga eMelika.
Ngalesi sikhathi, wakwazi ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwefilimu elisakhisayo uLouis Bonyuel "Andalusian Inja", eyaphumelela kakhulu phakathi komphakathi, futhi eyayinempumelelo enkulu phakathi komphakathi, futhi yabeka isandla sakhe kwifilimu yesibili yomngane wakhe "oneminyaka yobudala. Umsebenzi odumile kakhulu wombhali osemusha walesi sikhathi kwakuyi "Mystery of Wilhelm 4cly", lapho aveze khona umholi waseSoviet weqembu lamaKhomanisi elinemisipha enkulu enqunu.
Phakathi kwemikhakha embalwa yalesi sikhathi, eyayiboniswa imibukiso yomuntu siqu e-UK, e-USA, eSpain naseParis, ingahlukaniswa yi-Boobs Boobs, noma i-Premonition yempi yombango. " Lesi sithombe savela ngokoqobo ngaphambi kokuqala kwempi yombango eSpain, kanye ne "Jacket ebulawa yindlala" no "Omar".
Ngemuva kokuhambela e-Italy ngo-1936, uDali waqala wazulazula ngobuciko bemvuselelo yase-Italy. Izici zezemfundo zivele emsebenzini Wakhe, owaba ngomunye ukuphikisana no-Surnealists. Ubhala i- "Metamorphoz Narcissa", "Imidwebo kaFreud", "Gala - Salvador Dali", "," Spain ".
Umsebenzi wokugcina ngesitayela se-surrealism 'ukulala kweVenus "kwakhe, ovele useseNew York. E-US, umculi akagcini nje ngokupenda, wenza amaphosta ekhangisayo, akha izitolo, asebenze nge-Disney neHitchcock, abasize ngokuhlobisa amafilimu. Ngasikhathi sinye, ubhala i-autobiography yakhe edumile "Ukuphila kukaNobhala ka-El Salvador Dali, kwalotshwa nguYe", othenge ngaso leso sikhathi.
Iminyaka yokugcina
Ngo-1948, u-El Salvador Dali ubuyela eSpain, ePort Lygat, futhi wakha indwangu "yendlovu", eyenza izinhlungu zangemva kwempi kanye nokubhujiswa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngemuva kokuqhuma kwenyukliya eJapan, kuvela izinhloso ezintsha emsebenzini wobungcweti, ofuna umbukeli empilweni yama-molecule nama-athomu, abonakalisa ezithombeni ze- "athomu ezivelele". Abagxeki baphatha le canvas ngesitayela sophawu oluyimfihlakalo.
Kulesi sikhathi, uDali uqala ukubhala i-canvas eziza ezingokwenkolo, njengeMadonna Port-Lygata, "Isidlo sakusihlwa sokugcina", "esibethelwa noma umzimba we-hypercubic", abanye babo bathola imvume yeVatican. Ngasekupheleni kwama-50s, ngesiphakamiso somngane wakhe, usomabhizinisi u-Enrik Bernata uthuthukisa i-logo yoswidi odumile ku-chup-Chupa's wand, okwakungumfanekiso we-chamomile. Ngefomu elivuselelwe, kusasetshenziswa abaklami bokukhiqiza.
Umculi unezithelo ezinhle kakhulu emcabangweni wokuthi umlethela imali evamile. USalvador noGala bajwayelane nesishayamthetho se-mod coco Chanel futhi sibe ngabangane naye kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe. Kwanikezwa isithombe esikhethekile ngamadevu ashibhile ashibhile, agqoke avele ebusheni bakhe, abe ngukuthembisa isikhathi sakhe. Inkampani idala ihlelo lomculi.
Ubuhlakani buhlala njalo emphakathini nge-antics yayo. Ngokuphindaphindiwe uthwetshulwa yizilwane ezingejwayelekile, futhi wake wahamba nohambo oluzungeza idolobha nge-Amicist, okuqinisekiswe ngezithombe eziningi ezincwadini ezidumile.
Ukushona kwelanga kwe-biography yokudala yalo mculi kwaqala kuma-70s ngenxa yokuwohloka kwesimo sempilo yakhe. Kepha nokho ukunikeza kuyaqhubeka ukukhiqiza imibono emisha. Kule minyaka, ukhuluma ngenqubo ye-stereoscopic yencwadi futhi wakha imidwebo "polygidras", "umdobi-submariner", "ole, ole, telasquez! Gabor! ". I-Spanish Genius iqala ukwakha indlu enkulu yendlu-imnyuziyamu kwa-Figuene, eyayibizwa ngokuthi "isigodlo somoya". Kuyo, umdwebi wahlela ukubeka iningi lemidwebo yakhe.
Ekuqaleni kwama-80s, u-El Salvador Dali uthola imiklomelo eminingi nemiklomelo evela kuHulumeni waseSpain, yenziwa nguprofesa ohlonishwayo we-Academy of Argis of Arris. Entandweni yakhe, eyayenziwa emphakathini ngemuva kokufa, uDali, umdwebi we-eccentric waveza ukuthi sonke isimo sakhe sibika ama- $ 10 million abika iSpain.
Ukushona
Kuma-70s, uSalvador aqala ukwanda kokugula kwakhe kwengqondo. Kuphelelwe kakhulu ngokuhlalisana, futhi kubuye kuhlushwa imishanguzo eyeqile yemithi ye-psychotropic odokotela abayishukumisela yona. Odokotela abanasizathu esikholelwa ukuthi banikezwa yiSchizophrenia, okwathola inkinga ngesifo sikaParkinson.
Kancane kancane, umdala ungasusanga amandla okugcina ibhulashi esandleni sakhe futhi abhale imidwebo. Ukufa komkakhe othandekayo ngonyaka we-1982 kwagcina kwahlaselwa umculi, futhi okwesikhashana alele esibhedlela ngokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-7, inhliziyo yohlobo lwakudala ayinakumelana, futhi ifelwa ekuntulekeni kwe-myocardial ngoFebhuwari 23, 1989. Ngakho-ke kwaqeda umlando wothando lomculi uDali kanye noMuse Galya.