I-Biograge
UMatilda Kshesinskaya akuyona nje i-ballerina evelele evelele inqubo yakhe eyedlule kakhulu amandla ezesikhathi sabantu basekhaya. Ungomunye wabantu abanethonya kakhulu ye-Xix sekwephuzile - Ikhulu lokuqala le-XX. Isibonelo sokubaluleka kwayo ngamazwi omkhuzi ophakeme-in-induna yeGrand Duke Nikolai Nikoleyevich. Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe Yokuqala, lapho ibutho lomsuka waseRussia lihlushwa kakhulu ekuntuleni kwamagobolondo, waveza ukuthi wayengenamandla okwenza okuthile ngoMnyango wezobuciko, ngoba uMatilda Kshesinskaya Ballerina futhi ubamba iqhaza ekusatshalalisweni kwemiyalo ye-artillery futhi kubambe iqhaza ekusatshalalisweni kwemiyalo phakathi kwezinhlangano ezahlukahlukene.
UMatilda Kshesinskaya wazalwa ngo-Agasti 31, 1872 emndenini wokudala. Ubaba - isiPole Felix Khelinsky, ukhishwe ePoland Nikolay ngokuthi ngumlingisi omuhle kakhulu weMazurka, umama wakhe othandekayo, onothile, ocebile kumfelokazi we-ballet dancer ice. UDadewethu Matilda - Ballerina Yulia Kshesinskaya (ebizwa nge- "KSHSInskaya 1st, emshadweni we-zedader), umfowethu - umdansi kanye nomphathi wendunankulu Jesester Joseph Khesinsky.
Intombazane ingena e-Imperial Theatre School futhi ngonyaka we-1890 iyaphela. E-PRPS, wonke umndeni wasebukhosini wawuhanjelwa, futhi isidlo sakusihlwa saseKshesinskaya sahlala eduze kwendlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi, uNikolai. Lapho-ke u-Alexander III, ethokozisayo, landela ukunyakaza kwe-matilda, umelana namagama ashubile:
"Madmoiselle! Yiba umhlobiso nokukhazimulisa i-ballet yethu! ".UMatilda wamukelwa kwi-bavot troupe ye-mariinsky theatre, esigabeni sombuso weKshesinskaya 2nd (1st ngokusemthethweni ebize udadewabo uYulia) wadansa iminyaka engama-27.
Umsebenzi eMariinsky Theatre
UMatilda Kshesinskaya wadansa ku-Ballet Mass Marius Petipa naseNgonyama Ivanova (owayengomunye wothisha bakhe esikoleni). Ukusebenza kokuqala kweKshesinsky - Fairy Drage in the "Nutcracker", efa ngegama elifanayo, u-Odetta-opile e "Lake Swan", Nikia e "Bayaderka" e "Bayaderka".
Ngemuva kokusuka e-Italy, iKarlotta laseBrianz yaya kuye endimeni yenkosazana aurora ku-ballet "Ubuhle obulele".
Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6 yokusebenza enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, iKshesinskaya yanikezwa isimo se- "Prima-Ballerina Imperial Theatre", naphezu kweziphikiso ze-Chief Balletmaster of Petipa. Ngokweminye imibiko, kwakuwukuxhumana egcekeni elisize kakhulu phezulu kwe-Ballet Hierarchy.
Ngenxa yayo, kuhanjiswa ama-ballets ambalwa kuphela, okwakungemva kwalokho akwafakwanga ohlwini lwamagugu e-Ballet. Isibonelo, ngo-1894, ngesikhathi somshado we-Grand Duchess yaseKsenia, e-Alexandrovna kanye noGrand Duke Alexander Mikhailovich, "ukuvuswa kweFlora" kwethulwa ngeqembu elikhulu leKshesin.
Naphezu kwesikhundla esiqinile enkundleni yemidlalo yaseshashalazini, uMatilda Kshesin uthuthukiswa njalo inqubo yawo, kusukela ngo-1898 evakashele izifundo zangasese ezivela kuthisha odumile u-Enrico Chekketney. Waba yi-ballerina yokuqala yaseRussia eyenza i-foute engu-32 ilandelana esiteji.
Ngo-1904, uMatilda Kshesinskaya uyeke ngesicelo sakhe esivela eMariinsky Theatre nangemva kwale nzuzo sebedlulile ngokwesivumelwano. Uthole ama-ruble angama-500 okuphuma ngakunye esiteji, futhi ngemuva kwalokho inkokhelo ikhuphuke ibe ngama-ruble angama-750.
UBallerina wathi kaninginingi ukuthi abaculi bokufunda bangabadansa noma yini, bekungeyena ngengozi ukuthi imenywe kuye ukusebenza kwakhe uMikhail Fokin: "Suvenfly" (1915), "u-Eros" (1915) .
Amacebo okuvumelana ngasese
UMatilda Kshesinskaya kuzo zonke izindlela ezingabanjwa yilesi simemo esiya eTroupe yama-ballerinas angaphandle. Uzamile ukufakazela ngazo zonke izindlela ama-ballerinas aseRussia afanelekela khona izindima ezinkulu, kanti iningi lazo lanikezwa abaculi bangaphandle.
I-Italian Ballerina Pierin Lenyana yayivame ukuba ukukhathazeka, okuyinto, naphezu kwesimo se-z ethukile, sasebenza enkundleni yemidlalo yaseMariinsky iminyaka eyisishiyagalombili. Kepha ithonya le-matilda alizange lime umqondisi wezemidlalo yasePrince Volkonsky, oshiye inkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi ngemuva kokwenqaba ukubuyisela i-ballet yasendulo "Catarina, indodakazi yabaphangi". Ithonya le-ballerina uqobo ngokwalo elibizwa ngokuthi isikhubekiso sesudi yomdanso waseRussia kusuka ku-kamargo ballet.
Ngo-1899, iphupho lakhe elide lagcwaliseka - uMarius Petipov umnika iphathi ye-ESMERALDA, futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi uye selokhu aqhamuke neqhaza elinomnikazi walo, elibangela ozakwabo. Ngaphambi kukaMatilda, leli bamba le kwenziwa kuphela isiNtaliyane.
Ngaphezu kwama-ballerinas angaphandle, "isitha sakhe esibi kakhulu" KSHESInskaya sabheka umgqugquzeli 'wonyaka waseRussia' uSergey Dyagilev. Wamema ukuba enze eLondon, owadonsela i-Matilde kakhulu kuneParis. Kulokhu, iBallerina kwakumele basebenzise ukuxhumana kwakhe kanye ne- "punch" yethuba lokukhuluma nebhizinisi lakhe eSt. Petersburship futhi bathole ukubambezeleka kwezempi yeNizhinsky, ababophekile ngokwempi. Ngenkulumo kaKshesinsky, kwakhethwa i-Swan Lake, futhi kwakungeyona ngengozi - ngakho-ke i-Dyagilev yatholwa imihlobiso yayo ngayo.
Umzamo awuzange umqhele ngempumelelo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uDyagilev wathukuthela kakhulu ngenxa yezesicelo, sokuthi inceku yakhe yamnikela ngokungathi sína ukuba afake ubuthi eBallerina.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu kaMatilda Kshesin iyinto ethokozisayo ephelele kakhulu kunomsebenzi wobuchwepheshe be-ballerina. Izindawo zakhe zixhumeke kakhulu nabamele ubukhosi beRomanov.
Kukholelwa ukuthi kusukela ngo-1892 kuya ku-1894 wayeyinkosikazi yeCesarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich. Ngemuva kokujwayelana, uvame ukuvakashela imisebenzi yakhe, ubudlelwano babo bukhula ngokushesha, yize wonke umuntu uyazi ukuthi inoveli inesiphetho esijabulisayo. Ukuze uhambisane nokuhlonishwa kweKshesinskaya, kwathengwa amanxusa e-English Embankment, lapho ahlangana khona ngaphandle kokuphazamiseka.
"Wathandana nendlalifa emhlanganweni wokuqala. Ngemuva kwesizini yehlobo eLelor Red, lapho ngikwazi ukuhlangana naye, umuzwa wami wagcwalisa umphefumulo wami wonke, futhi ngangicabanga ngaye ... "," kubhala uMatilda Khesinskaya kwidayari yakhe.Isizathu sokuwa kobudlelwano neSikolai II yesikhathi esizayo lapho umzukulu wakhe weNdlovukazi uVictoria Alice Hesse-Darmstadt ngo-Ephreli 1894.
Kulokhu, ukubamba iqhaza okuqondile kwe-ballerina empilweni yomndeni wasebukhosini bekungaphelile - UMatilda Kshesinskaya wawunawo ubudlelwano obusondelene nezikhulu ezinhle uSergey Mikhailovich no-Andrei Vladimirovich. Ngo-Okthoba 15, 1911, esimemelweni esiphakeme kakhulu, "uSygeevich" wamukela indodana yakhe uVladimir, ezalwe ngoJuni 18, 1902 e-Strelna. Emndenini wakhe, wabizwa ngokuthi "Vova" nje, futhi wathola igama elithi "Krasinsky".
NgoJanuwari 17, 1921 kumaCennes eConstangel-Mikhailovsk Church Matilda Kshesinskaya wangena emshadweni ongokoqobo noGrand Duke Vladimirovich, owamukela indodana yakhe wanika igama lakhe eliphakathi. Ngo-1925, uMatilda Felixesn wasuka eLiko Motolika e-Orthodox ngegama elithi Maria.
NgoNovemba 30, 1926, umzala uNikolai II Kirill Vladimirovich wamnika inzalo yakhe yesihloko kanye negama lika-Prince Krasinsky, kwathi ngoJulayi 28, 1935 - izikhulu ezikhanyayo zeRomanovskyy-Krasinsky.
Ekuthukeni
NgoFebhuwari 1917, iKshesinskaya, kanye nendodana yakhe, yaphoqeleka ukuba izulazule emafulethini womunye umuntu, ilahlekelwe yindawo ethengiswayo yokunethezeka - indlu enkulu eyaphenduka "nendlunkulu enkulu yamaLeninists", kanye namakhethini. Unquma ukuya eKisloloDsk ePrince Andrei Vladimirovich ethembeni lokubuyela ekhaya kungekudala.
"Emphefumulweni wami walwa nomuzwa wenjabulo ukubona u-Andrei nokuzwa ukuzizwa unembeza, engiwushiya eSergey wedwa enhloko-dolobha, lapho ayesengozini khona. Ngaphezu kwalokho, kwakunzima kimi ukuthatha impi kuye, lapho eyayingenayo inselele, "kusho ama-Memoris kaKshesin.
NgoJulayi 13, 1917 ushiya uPetrogadi kuze kube phakade.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1918, i-bolshevism wave, "noKshesinskaya noVeva, njengababaleki, baya e-Anapa baye esinqumweni sikamama u-Andrei, inkosazana enkulu uMariya Pavlovna. Ngo-1919 wabanjwa eKislolovodsk ezolile, ukusuka lapho, esitimeleni kusuka ezimotweni ezi-2, ababaleki bashiya i-Novorossiysk. Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi uMaria Pavlovna uphuthume ekilasini lokuqala, kanti uMatilda noVova banikezwa okwesithathu.
Izimo zokuphila zaqhubeka nokuwohloka - amasonto ayisithupha umphakathi ophakeme wahlala ngqo ezinqoleni ngenkathi umbuthano wesihloko esiluhlaza uthatha abantu. Ngemuva kwalokho basuka e-Novorossiysk futhi bathola ama-visa aseFrance. 12 (25) Mashi 1920, umndeni wafika eCap D'AI, lapho kwakukhona khona i-villa ballerina.
Ngo-1929, uMatilda Kshesinskaya wavula i-Ballet Studio eyakhe eParis. Uthisha uKshesinsky wahlukaniswa ngentukuthelo ezolile - akakaze aphakamise izwi lakhe ezigcemeni zakhe.
Amafilimu nezincwadi
I-biography kaMatilda Kshesinsky inothile emicimbini nakubantu abaziwayo - isihloko bavame ukukhanyiselwa ku-ART. Ngakho-ke, kwinoveli ethi "Ukugcina" amanoveli "kusuka ochungechungeni oluthi" adventures of Erast Fandorin "Boris Akunin luchaza ukulungiswa kwenduna ye-Emperor Nicholas II. Omunye wabalingiswa - Isabella Feliciananovna Snezhnevskaya, prototype yawo nguMatilda Felixesna uqobo uqobo.Komunye umsebenzi, uMatilda Kshesinskaya ungumlingiswa osemqoka. Ngo-Okthoba 26, 2017, isithombe esisha sika-Alethei Manilda uthisha uzokwethulwa, okwabangela ukuba kube nomphakathi phambi kwenduna yakhe. Lesi sakhiwo sefilimu sisebudlelwaneni baseKshesinsky ngeCesarevich Nikolai Alexandrovich, i-Emperor yaseMbusi uNikolai II.
Inhlanganisela yavela ngemuva kokukhishwa kwe-trailer yokuqala esemthethweni, equkethe izigcawu zemvelo enobungozi ngokubamba iqhaza kwabadlali bezindima eziphambili zeMikhalin Olshansky naseLars Idinger.
Ithrafikhi yomphakathi "iTsarsky Cross" yasola abadali bopende 'ekuhlanekezelweni kwezinto zomlando' kanye "nokulwa nokucasulwa kwezimo emkhakheni wamasiko." Lokhu kwashukumisela uNatalia Poklonskaya, owaziwa ngokukhulekelwa kwakhe uNikolai II, axhumane nehhovisi leMshushisi eliphethe isicelo sokuhlola lokho okuqukethwe.
I-Check ayizange iveze ukwephulwa, kepha yethula uchungechunge lwezinto zokudluliswa kwezikhalazo kanye nokumangalelwa kwezibalo zomphakathi, osopolitiki kanye nabenzi befilimu.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni engu-86, eneminyaka engu-13 ubudala, uMatilda Felixesna Khelinskaya wabona iphupho - ezwa ukukhala kwezinsimbi, ecula esontweni, ebona umfanekiso ka-Alexander II, abonise umhlobiso obulalayo mayelana nokuhlobisa i-Russian ballet. Labo ekuseni banquma ukubhala izikhumbuzo, basekele ikhethini lezimfihlo zeKhesinsky edumile.
Izinkumbulo zikaMatilda Kshesinskaya zanyatheliswa ngo-1960 eParis ngesiFulentshi. NgesiRussia, umsebenzi washicilelwa kuphela ngo-1992.
I-ballerina evelele yaphila impilo ende - washona eneminyaka engama-99 ezinyangeni ezimbalwa ngaphambi kwekhulu lakhe, Disemba 5, 1971.
Isidumbu sakhe singcwatshwe eSt. Geneva de Bou emathuneni aseParis ethuneni elinye nendodana yakhe nendodana yakhe. I-Epitaph isetshenziswa esikhumbuzweni: "Inkosazana ethule uMaria Felixesna Romanovskaya-Krasinskaya, umculi ohlonishwayo we-Imperial Theattors Khesinskaya."