I-Biograge
Inganekwane yenganekwane uNale Olden Armstrong wazalelwa e-Wapeakoneta, e-USA, e-Ohio, Agasti 5, 1930. Abazali bakaNayile bathola izimfanelo ezinjalo ezinjengokutholwa nokuzinikela, kanye nengxube eqhumayo yeJalimane, iScotland neGazi lase-Ireland.
Eminyakeni eminingi kamuva, ngo-1972, u-Astronaut wavakashela izwe lawo okhokho bakhe, edolobheni laseLangholm, eScotland, lapho anikezwe khona ngokusemthethweni isihloko sesakhamuzi esihlonishwayo, njengenzalo evelele ye-Armstrong Clan.
Umnqobi wesikhathi esizayo kaCosmos wayenomfowabo omncane nodadewabo: UDean noJun. Ngenkathi uNeil wayengumntwana, umndeni wahlala umshukumisela, njengoba uYise esebenza njengomcwaningimabhuku ngaphansi kukahulumeni wase-US. Ngaphambi kokuhlala e-Ohio ngo-1944, ama-Armstrong ashintsha amadolobha angama-20. Ku-noal etholakele e-High School.
Ukuzilibazisa okuyinhloko komfana kwakuyindiza nobulungu ekilabhini yabafana. Kuzo zombili izinkomba, i-booliosboy ithole impumelelo enkulu: Njengengxenye ye-BOYCouth Movement, umfana uthole isihloko esiphakeme kakhulu se-Eagle Scout, kanti ilayisense yendiza yesikole se-Aviation City edlule ngaphambili kwelayisense lokushayela. Ngakho-ke, i-astronaut yesikhathi esizayo yaba umshayeli wendiza ochwepheshe iminyaka engu-16, futhi kusukela manje ku-biography yakhe yahlotshaniswa nezulu ngokungafanele nezulu.
Ngo-1947, le nsizwa yangena e-University Perdy, lapho yafundela khona imishini yendiza nemikhakha. Ukuhlola kukaGuy kwakusilinganiso, futhi ikolishi labo likhokhele umbuso ukuze banikele ngokuzibophezela iminyaka emithathu ukuze bakhonze empini. Ngemuva kwebutho, u-Armstrong wabuyela eyunivesithi, lapho afunda khona eminye iminyaka emibili.
Isikhathi sokubiza ebuthweni lempi kaNale Armstrong wahambisana nempi eKorea. Kusukela ngo-1949, ukundiza kokuqala kweNayile kwabhekana nendiza esebenzayo, futhi ngesikhathi sebuthosi kusukela ngonyaka ka-1949 kuya ku-1952 wenza izindawo zokuhamba ezingaba ngu-78. Ngemuva kwalokho uNeil wayengumshayeli wempi yokulwa nebhomu futhi komunye wemisebenzi udutshulwe phansi ngamandla esitha.
Ngoba uMelit Merit Armstrong wanikezwa imiklomelo emithathu ehlonishwayo. Ngo-1952, uNayile wajoyina umshayeli we-US njengomshayeli wokuhlola.
Inceku
Indlela kaNale Armstrong evela kumshayeli we-Astrotaut, eyaba iqhawe laso sonke lesi sintu lalide futhi lalifaka lezi zigaba ezilandelayo:
- Ngo-1956, u-Armstrong wadluliselwa esiteshini sesiteshi sezindiza ezihamba phambili, ezenziwa yi-NASA, lapho kwakukhona khona indiza entsha;
- Kusukela ngoJuni kuya ku-Agasti 1958, wahlolwa njengohlelo lwezinkanyezi ngaphansi kohlelo lweMiss Air Force;
- Kusukela ngo-Okthoba 1958, i-Armstrong ihlanganise eqenjini labashayeli bezindiza abenze izindiza zokuhlola e-rosetochlane x-15, kusukela ngo-1960 kuya ku-1962 Wenza umngcele oneminyaka eyi-7 kuphela, kodwa wake wafika emngceleni onesikhala;
- Ngo-1960, uNale Armstrong wabhalisa eqenjini lesibili lama-Astronauts, akhethe amaNasa avela kwabangu-250.
Ngo-1966, ngokuba ngumkhuzi womkhumbi uGemini 8, uNeil Armstrong waqala ukuvakasha. Ngenxa yamaphutha, iningi lezinhloso zokundiza alizange litholakale, kepha ngomsebenzi omkhulu, okwakuyindawo ephethe i-agena ye-rocket, izinkanyezi zabhekana nazo.
Ukundiza nokufika enyangeni
NgoJulayi 16, 1969, "kwaqalwa nge-ratemidome eKapa, ngaphansi komyalo we-Armstrong. Kanye nomkhuzi, uMichael Collins, umshayeli wemoto "ye-columbia", no-Edwinre, owaziwa nangokuthi i-Bazz Oldrin - umshayeli wemodyuli ye-arel.
Ngemuva kwamahora ayikhulu namathathu okundiza entabeni, kwakukhona ukunqanyulwa kwemodyuli yokufika nge-Oldrin ne-Armstrong ebhodini, ngokushesha okwaphakanyiswa ngempumelelo olwandle lokuzola. Kwenzekile isimo se-freelance ngaphambi kokufika ebusweni: ingcindezi ekhula ku-liner yamafutha icishe yaholela ekuqhumeni. Ngemuva kokuxazulula inkinga, ama-Astronauts avule i-hatch.
Owokuqala wenkanyezi ufike uNayile Armstrong, nozakwabo uzakwabo bathatha lo mlando kule filimu. Ngasikhathi sinye, uCaptain "Apollo-11" uthe ibinzana elidumile elalizwakala lihlala ngokuqondene nomhlaba:
"Lesi yisinyathelo esisodwa esincane somuntu, kepha sigxumagxuma kulo sonke isintu."Ama-astronauts ahlala endaweni ye-satellite yamahora angama-2,5, aqoqa amasampula omhlabathi, ashiye ikhabethe ngemiyalezo ngezilimi ezingama-74 zasemhlabeni nokufaka ifulege lase-US. Benze izithombe eziningi zomlando namafreyimu wevidiyo, efakaza iqiniso lokuhlala komuntu enyangeni.
Kamuva, lapho belalele futhi banikeze amarekhodi enziwe ngezinkanyezi, abacwaningi kanye nososayensi bavuke kaningi umbuzo othi uNayile Armstrong wathi, lapho unyawo lwakhe luthinta inhlabathi yenyanga? Ngaphezu kwesisho esidumile kwifilimu, ungezwa la mazwi: "Inhlanhla, Mnu Gorky!".
U-Armstrong wabuzwa kaningi ngaleli ndoda engaqondakali ezingxoxweni eziningi, kodwa wakhetha kuphela. Futhi kuphela ngemuva kweminyaka eminingi, u-Astronaut wathi i-skish engaqondakali kwakungumakhelwane wakhe lapho uNayile ngokwakhe esengumfana. Ukuhamba ngesikebhe ngemuva kwebhola endaweni engomakhelwane, wakuzwa ngengozi abashadikazi bezingane zabalingani bakhe ngesikhathi esiseduze. UMadame Gorski wenqabile umngane oshade naye ngesicelo esisodwa esingasho lutho, ethi uzomgculisa, "lapho umfana ongumakhelwane ezogijima ezungeza inyanga." Ngenxa yalokho, amazwi akhe ayengokwesiprofetho.
Iqembu le-Apollo-11 lethulwe ngokuphepha ngoJulayi 24, 1969, yize ukusuka enyangeni akuzange kubiza ngaphandle kwe-adventure engathandeki. Ukubuyela kumodyuli yokufika, ama-Astronauts athola ukuthi inkinobho yokuqala yenjini yonakele. Isimo sasibucayi, ngoba usizo lomhlabathi kungasobala ukuthi ngeke lufike enyangeni ngesikhathi sezinsuku ezintathu ezitholakalayo. Injini yesimangaliso yakwazi ukwethula, futhi ukundiza kokuqala komuntu enyangeni kwaphela ngokunqoba okuphelele.
Vakashela e-USSR
NgoMeyi 1970, i-Armstrong yavakashela uLeningrad njengengxenye ye-NASA ukudluliswa kwamandla. Kulokhu, ukuvakasha kwe-astronaut edumile e-USSR akuphelanga. Ngemuva kwengqungquthela yeLeningrad, abamele amaNasa baya eMoscow.
Ngokusho kwezikhumbuzo ze-armstrong, umhlangano nama-muscovites wahamba wafudumala kakhulu, kodwa ngaphezu kwakho konke akhunjulwa ngokwazi abafelokazi baseSoviet cosmonauts: umlingani kaYuri Gagarin noVladimir Komarov noVladimir Komarov. Ngesikhathi somhlangano osemthethweni nabamele ubuholi bezwe, uNale Armstrong wethule i-Alexey Kosygin, usihlalo woMkhandlu Wezincwadi, amasampula omhlabathi wenyanga kanye nefulegi elincane le-USSR, evakashela inyanga.
Ukuqina: Inganekwane noma iqiniso?
Futhi ngesikhathi sokuphila kwe-Armstrong, kwathi ngemuva kokufa kwakhe ngaye kanye nezinganekwane eziningi zahamba ngendiza edume enyangeni. Ngakho-ke, isikhathi esithile kwaba nethiyori yokuthi ngemuva kwalokho i-astronaut eyayibonile kwi-satellite yamukela amaSulumane futhi yaba amaSulumane. Le ndaba ayinasizathu, ngaphandle kokufana kwamagama wendawo - ILebanon e-United States kanye nezwe lamaSulumane legama elifanayo.
Ama-hot spores ahambisana nezitatimende eziningi zezintatheli kanye "nabaphenyi" uNeil Armstrong wayengekho enyangeni. Kushicilelwe izincwadi eziningana futhi izindatshana eziningi, amafilimu amaningana ahlungwa, anciphise inganekwane phambi kwezinkanyezi zaseMelika enyangeni. Kwenye yezinguqulo kwathiwa ukumangalelwa okubhaliwe ngendiza kwesaba iStanley Kubrick edumile, futhi bonke abasebenzi badutshulwa epanini.
Ngenxa yalokho, lezi zincwadi zaphenduka amanga, nezincwadi ne-cinema - inganekwane yobuciko. Ngisho nama-cosmonaut amaSoviet aqinisekisile iqiniso lobukhona beqembu le-Apollo enyangeni, ephawula ukuthi ezinye izinkamu zingenziwa kahle emhlabeni - "ngokucaphuna."
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yomuntu siqu ye-astronaut yayibushelelezi kahle. Naphezu kokuqeqeshwa njalo nezindiza, uNale Armstrong wayeshade kabili. Ngonkosikazi wokuqala, uJanet Sheron Neil wahlangana ngemuva kokubuyela eNyuvesi, umshado wabo wenzeka ngo-1956. Ngasikhathi sinye, uJanet waphoqeleka ukuba ashiye izifundo zakhe futhi enze indlu, eyalandela yazisola ngayo.
Lo mbhangqwana wawunezingane ezintathu: abantwana bakwa-Eric noMarku nendodakazi kaKaren, abashonile ebhulashi kusukela esimindeni sobuchopho.
Ngo-1994, uNeil wehlukanisa uJanet wahlukana noCarol Knight, wahlala lapho kuze kube yilapho u-2012.
Ukushona
Imbangela yokufa kwe-astronaut edumile, okuyi-70s yayeka ukusuka eNasa, yafundisa eyunivesithi futhi yahlanganyela ebhizinisini, yaba yizinkinga zokuphatha kabi.
Ngokwesiko le-US Navy yaseMelika, ngesikhathi somngcwabo, umngcwabo we-astronaut waxoshwa ngoLwandlekazi i-Atlantic Ocean.