Umlando Wemilingiswa
Le nsizwa enenhliziyo enhle futhi enesibindi egama linguDanko ngentengo yempilo yakhe eyethulwe kubantu emhlabeni ogcwele ukukhanya, okufudumele nenjabulo. UMaxim Gorky wadala isithombe sothando, ukuphoqa ukuthi ucabange, lapho okushiwo ukuba khona kanye nenani lezenzo zomuntu.Umlando wendalo
I-biography yokuqala yokudala yeMaxim Gorky igcwele imisebenzi ngezindlela zothando. Indaba yesalukazi i-Izergil yangena emugqeni ngezindaba ze- "Chelkash" kanye ne- "Maxim Mirara", lapho ukunconywa ngumlobi amandla omuntu afike ku-apolee. Ekwakhiweni komunye umsebenzi womlobi aphefumulelwe ukuhamba eSouth Bessarabia, lapho azithola khona entwasahlobo yango-1891. "I-Old Woman izergil" iqala ngisho namazwi
"Ngabona lezi zindaba ziphansi kwe-Akkerman, eBessarabia, ogwini lolwandle."Ngokunokwenzeka, ukuzalwa kokubeletha kwakusekupheleni kuka-1894. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, wethulwa enkantolo yokufunda emphakathini eSamara Gazeta, welula izinombolo ezintathu.
Ukwakheka kwendaba kuyinkimbinkimbi futhi kuyathakazelisa. Umbhali uhlanganise izinganekwane ezimbili (mayelana nokuLarre nango-Danko), ezihlanganiswe ngumlingiswa ophambili - i-agergil yakudala. UMaxim Gorky wakhetha indlela "enhle" yokubhala ngomsebenzi. Kodwa-ke, le ndlela, evumela umfundi ukuthi adale umfundi ube nomuzwa wobuqiniso beqiniso okwenzekayo, usevele wakwazi ukuzama ngaphambili.
Isalukazi sakudala sasebenza njengezindaba zezindaba ze-heroine ezilandisa ngezinganekwane, futhi ngasikhathi sinye futhi ngamadoda awathandayo, okwenzeka ukuthi ahlangane naye endleleni yokuphila. Imiqondo emibili yama-polar kaGenesise efihliwe ezinganekwaneni yakha isikhungo sendaba sendaba. Umbhali uzame ukunquma ukubaluleka kwempilo yomuntu, phendula imibuzo mayelana nemingcele yenkululeko yobuntu.
Umlingiswa we-danko uvele ngenxa yokubonga komlobi ngemisebenzi kaFriedrich Nietzsche. Ekuqaleni kwendlela yokudala, u-Alexey Maksimovich wakhombisa ukuthakazela amaqhawe athile anikezwe umoya omkhulu.
Abafundi bathatha umsebenzi injabulo. Ukuqashelwa okunjalo, umlobi wawusukulungele, ngoba ngothando wasabela ku-Anton Wermil: Encwadini ebhekiswe ku-Anton Chekhov, umbhali ukhuluma ngobuhle nobuhle bendaba yakhe.
Isakhiwo sendaba
Inganekwane yokuqala, eyayitshelwa isalukazi, ilandisa ngensizwa enhle egama linguLarra. Iqhawe elizelwe ngowesifazane wasemhlabeni nokhozi kuhlukaniswa ukubukeka okubandayo kanye nomoya ophansi. ULarra wabulala intombi yakhe ebhale intombi yakhe nokuqhosha kwakhe kwaba ukudingidwa okuvela kwisizwe sakubo. Ubuhlakani bemikhawulo yensizwa ngenxa yesizungu esiphakade. Kodwa-ke, ukuhlakanipha kombhali kulandelelwa enganekwaneni ngeqiniso lokuthi ukuziqhenya kuyingxenye enhle kakhulu yomlingiswa. Le mfanelo, uma ithuthukiswe ngokulinganisela, yenza umuntu umuntu futhi asize angabheki emuva ngombono wabantu.
Umlingiswa wendaba yesibili nguDanko, onke amandla 'anamandla nomlilo ophilayo.' Endabeni engokomfanekiso, abantu, abukhali ehlathini elimnyama, landela abafana, abathembisa indawo efudumele enelanga elikhanyayo nomoya ohlanzekile. Faka isizwe endleleni waqala ukusola uDanko ezinkingeni nasekukhathaleni kwakhe. Kepha le nsizwa ayizange idele - yathatha inhliziyo evuthayo evela ebeleni, yakhanyisa umgwaqo, yaletha abahambi emgomweni. I-feat kamufi ngegama labantu uDanko lalingekho muntu futhi elingayazisa.
Isithombe ne-prototype
Ngokudweba i-danko, i-maxim yaseGorky yaphikisana neqhawe lomlingiswa wobugovu wenganekwane yokuqala yenganekwane. Umlobi wawunikeza ngezwe elicebile langaphakathi, isibindi nokuphikelela, wenza okuhle kodumo, isibindi nokuphelela. Amandla okuzidela asiza ukunqoba ubumnyama. Izimfanelo ezinhle kakhulu zihambisana ukubukeka okuhle. Isibindi esiqhoshayo, njengoba umbhali ngokwakhe aphendula ngalo mlingiswa, wabuza umbuzo oyinhloko:
"Ngizokwenzelani abantu?"Futhi washona, waphoqa umfundi ukuba acabangele ngesidingo sezenzo ezinhle, kungaba ubuntu bezisulu zabafanele "abafanelekayo" abafanele.
Abaphenyi bayazethemba ukuthi u-Alexey Maksimovich, lapho edala umlingiswa, ancike ezinsizeni eziseBhayibhelini, ethatha izici zikaMose kanye noJesu Kristu. Omunye uveze isiphakamiso segama legama leqhawe: UDanko unempande eyodwa namagama athi "anike", "ukupha". Eqinisweni, igama libolekwe olimini lwesiGypsy futhi lisho kuphela "indodana encane", "Ryngenin".
Ngokuqondene nama-prototypes wezinhlamvu, ukubukeka okungavimbane ngakho, ukuxhumeka kwenganekwane yamaGreek, lapho u-Prometheus aletha umlilo kubantu. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, kunezinkomba ezibonakalayo ezibonakalayo efilosofi EMPedocula, owaphikelela ngokubumba komlilo. Futhi maxim Gorky, ngendlela, wezwa i- "FireProken".
Kepha zonke lezi zitatimende zithathwa njengokucabanga. I-prototype "eqinisekisiwe" kuphela ngo-Agasti Stryberg, imbongi yaseSweden, eyayidonsela ukunaka kwe-Intelligentsia ngasekupheleni kwekhulu le-19. U-Alexey Maksimovich ngokwakhe wabona ukuthi i-danko ifana kakhulu neSwede edumile. Umlingisi nomlobi bahlangene nomsebenzi obalulekile - "bakhanyisa abantu abaphupha ebumnyameni bokuphikisana kwempilo, indlela yokukhanyisa nenkululeko."
UGorky waphumelela futhi imbongi ipnaveykov imbongi. UBulgaria uphinde wethula umcabango osenkingeni yabafundi ukuthi ikusasa lingekusasa ngabantu abanamandla. Uhlu lwe- "Heart of Izinhliziyo" lusohlwini lwezinkondlo zombhali, lapho ezothando zikaWhelly zikaShelly ngomlilo. Phakathi kwayo, futhi uDanko onenhliziyo evuthayo kulula ukubamba ngokufana.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Ngo-1967, ngokusekelwe emsebenzini we-gorky estudiyo "eKiev", kwadalwa i-Flame inhliziyo ". Umqondisi u-Irina Gurvich wathatha inganekwane ye-danko. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, umsebenzi wamukelwa njengefilimu engcono kakhulu yokubuka okuncane, okwabanjelwa enhlokodolobha ye-Armenia.
- Isalukazi yi-Ishergil - umsebenzi wesibili owabhalwa u-Alexei Peshkov ngaphansi kwe-pseudomty maxim gorky. Uhlu lokuqala yi- "Chelkash".
- Iqhawe lenganekwane uDanko linikezelwe kwitshe lesikhumbuzo esisungulwe eKrivoy Rog ngo-1965 ukuhlonipha iminyaka eyi-100 kaMaxim Gorky. Ekuqaleni, ukubabaza okuhlotshise i-gorky skwele, ngenxa yokwakhiwa kabusha kwendawo, yadluliselwa eGagarin Avenue. Isikhumbuzo sidale umculi ofaneleke kahle we-Ukraine SSR, iSculptor Alexander Vasyakin.
- Ekupheleni kweminyaka yama-1990s, i-asterisk entsha ebizwa ngokuthi, ogama lakhe linguDanko, yakhanyiswa esibhakabhakeni saseRussia. Ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym, umculi u-Alexander Fadeev ufihliwe, empercoure yazo izingoma ezinjengokuthi "baby", "ekwindla", "uyintombazane yami".