I-Biograge
U-Andy (Andrew) Warpholl wazalelwa eMelika Pittsburgh ngo-Agasti 6, 1928. Umndeni wakwaWarhol (isibongo sangempela - varChol wathuthela ezifundazweni zaseSlovakia, ngakho ngobuzwe buka-Andy - uRusin. Okokuqala, uyise womndeni, u-Andrei, wathuthelwa emsebenzini waseMelika, kwathi ngo-1921 umfazi kaJulia wamjoyina.Udadewabo ongumdala kaJustina, uJustina, wazalwa futhi washonelwa ebuntwaneni, eWitherland wabazali. Ngaphezu kukaJustin, umfana wayenabafowethu ababili abadala futhi omncane. Ubaba wasebenza emayini, umama wayengowesifazane wasendlini futhi wasebenza, izitezi zami, amafasitela kanye nezindandatho zezimbali ezivela entombini.
Ngemuva kokuthuthela e-Auckland (Pittsburgh Subbar), u-Andy waya esikoleni esijwayelekile kakhulu. Umfana wakhula ejabule, umfana omkhulu (ebudaleni, ukukhula kwe-warhol kwakungu-180 cm), waze wagula. Ebangeni lesithathu, u-Andrew ogulayo choreas sidengama, owaba umphumela we-scarletna ehlupheka. Kulokhu, lesi sifo sihlotshiswe ngemisipha emisipha, angakwazi ukulawula.
Kusuka kumfana ojwayelekile odlalayo, u-Andy vmig wasebenza ogulayo, eboshwe embhedeni. Akakwazanga ukuhamba esikoleni, ngaphandle kwalokho, owayekade eyisikena samgcona. Umfana waqala ukusatshiswa izibhedlela, odokotela, imijovo nakho konke okuhlobene nezifo.
Ukujabulisa futhi ukujabulisa indodana, uJulia uqala ukumdonsela izithombe ezihlukile, uthenga omagazini, amaphephandaba. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho u-Andrew umlutha omncane wokudweba: wapenda ama-bulbs akhanyayo, izibambo, okhiye, ukuzama ukuthola okuthile okusha ezintweni zansuku zonke nokwakha ubuciko bawo bokuqala. Umfana wayethanda ukwenza ama-collages avela kumaphephandaba amaphephandaba, nangemva kwawo - babuke izindaba ezithombeni ezihambisayo ngosizo lwe-projektha.
Kusukela eminyakeni engu-9, u-Andrew waqala ukuya emakhono e-FREAC ARTS waze wahlela ukungena eyunivesithi yendawo, wabe esefundisa umdwebo. Usizi lwangempela lomndeni wonke lwaluwukufa kukababa u-Andrei Varchol, owashona ngenxa yengozi emayini.
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni esiphakeme, uWarholl wangena enhlanganweni yeCarnegie Institute of Technology, ehlela ukusebenzisa i-Illustrator emkhakheni wokukhangisa. Ngo-1949, inkosi yesikhathi esizayo ye-pop art yathola iziqu ze-bachelor ekwakhiweni okukhethekile kwaqala ukunqoba iNew York, ifaka igama elivela eWarhol kuWarhol, kanye negama no-Andrew on Andrew.
Isiqalo sesiqalo
Ithalente lika-Andy kwakungekhona ukuthi lihlale kulokhu: vele ebusheni bakhe, lapho uDawn Career wakwazi ukufeza ukunakwa kwezinkampani ezinkulu. Futhi Waqala, njengabaculi abaningi abakhangisi, kusukela ekwakhiweni kwamafasitela esitolo. Futhi ekuqaleni komsebenzi wakhe, insizwa ethile yamisa amakhadi okuposa namaphosta, izindondo ezihlotshisiwe. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukubambisana kukaWarhol ngemfashini magazini Harper's Bazaar noVogue.
Impumelelo yangempela yomculi eza ngemuva kokudalwa kokukhangiswa koqobo kohlobo lwezicathulo "I. Miller. " U-Andy wadonsela izicathulo ku-ink futhi wahlobisa ngenjabulo. Udumo lwathola imali ehlekisayo endodakazini, imikhiqizo edumile yaqala ukungena kwizivumelwano. Kodwa-ke, i-Master ngokwakhe yacubungula impumelelo yayo kuphela esigabeni "sobuciko", esasinaso isibonakaliso esiyingqayizivele.
Ngo-1952, umbukiso wokuqala weWarhol Works ubanjelwa eNew York, kwathi ngemuva kweminye iminyaka emine uyiswa ku- "Club of Ardic Ardic". Lesi sikhathi sisho uthando lomculi ngendlela yokuphrinta kwesikrini, ayevame ukudala futhi waphinde wazala imisebenzi yawo. Ngosizo lwama-matric asuselwa ezithombeni ezenziwe mathupha kanye nezithombe zamaphephandaba, u-Andy wadala imidwebo yayo edume kakhulu, ama-colocrome nama-collages anemibala ngesithombe sikaMarilyn Monroe, uMika Jagger, i-Elvis Preslong, i-Elvis Presley, i-Audrey Hepburn, Who Aundrey waba yizimpawu zobuciko be-pop.
Ukudala
Ngo-1960, u-Andy waqala ukuthuthukisa ukwakheka kwamabhange e-coca-coca, ngemuva - emsebenzini wokuqhafaza, ukudweba ama-banknotes wemali. Ngemuva kwalokho kwaqala isigaba se- "CANS", esaboniswa ngendlela enhle nezindlela zokuhlola isikrini se-silk. Isobho Campbell nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zifinyelele ku-urholl yezobuciko.Ngo-1962, kwaba nombukiso wemisebenzi engcono kakhulu yeWarhol, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho abagxeki bathi ku-Andy kumakhosi aholayo wobuciko be-pop. Ubuhlakani bakhe kwakuyimibono ephikisanayo: Abanye bathi iWarhol - Satir, egcizelela umthengi wempilo yabantu baseMelika, abanye babekholelwa ukuthi bonke "umsebenzi wakhe" ohlelwe ngokuzimisela imali engenayo.
Umculi ngokwakhe, ukuba yinkosi evuthayo ye-podatage ne-samoronata, wakhuthaza ubuciko bezobuciko hhayi njengokukhulekelwa okumangazayo nokufanele, kodwa njengobuciko, okugxile kumasisindo abanzi. UWarhol uthathwa njengomculi othandwa kakhulu kwezentengiso wekhulu leminyaka elidlule. Wayala ama-portraits mick jaggelli, uLisa Minhelli, uJohn Lennon, uBrigal Barno, umndeni wakwa-Iranian Shah nabanye osaziwayo, "nengozi yemoto yesiliva (ingozi yesiliva (ingozi ephindwe kabili)" kwadingeka ama- $ 1054,000.
Ngo-1963, u-Andy Warhol wathenga isakhiwo esilahliwe eManhattan, lapho avula khona istudiyo, asibiza ngokuthi "ifektri". Bekulapha lapho iqembu labasizi u-Andy basakaza ubuciko bakhe ngemisebenzi yeSuskography, lapha wachoboza amafilimu akhe, kodwa, bambalwa abantu ababukele. Esakhiweni "ifektri" kuhlala kubanjwa amaqembu, abantu kanye nezintatheli, amamodeli nabanye abamele ama-Bohemia aqoqiwe.
Ngo-1964, kwabanye umbukiso wemisebenzi yayo yokubamba efektri, lapho ukufakwa kwesitsha esisetshenzisiwe nezinye izinto ezisetshenziswayo zethulwe. I-warhol ayitholi nje kuphela isihloko seKing Pop Art, kodwa futhi nommeleli oholayo wobuciko besimanje.
Linga
NgoJuni 1968, kwenziwa umzamo e-Andy Warhol: Umuntu wesifazane odumile nomodeli wamdubula, uValerie Solanas, owabeka inkanyezi kwelinye lamafilimu akhe. Lapho esethole izinhlamvu ezintathu esiswini, u-Andy wasinda ngokuyisimangaliso. Wahlupheka ngokufa komtholampilo kanye nokuhlinzwa kanzima, futhi imiphumela yalesi sigameko yamlandela impilo yakhe yonke.
UWarhol akazange afake isicelo entombazaneni entombazaneni, kodwa, enobuhlakani, ngaphandle kwaleyo, wamukela iminyaka emithathu nesigamu ejele. Ngokuqondene no-Andy, waba nokwelashwa isikhathi eside futhi wagqoka i-corset, futhi ukwesaba odokotela, izifo nokufa kwaqina kuphela. Futhi ngenkumbulo yalowo owazama futhi asebenze, u-Andy wahlala izibazi ezimbi kakhulu umculi, hhayi amahloni, akhonjiswe ngaphambi kwamakhamera.
Naphezu kwakho konke, umdwebi uzoqhubeka nokwakha. Ngo-1979, waqala ukupenda kwemoto, kwathi ngo-1983, ngesicelo sabavikeli bezilwane zasendle, badala uchungechunge lwama-silkographs abizwa nge- "hlobo lwe-imeyili". Lokhu kufaka izithombe ze-Amur Tiger, i-Frog Frog, obhejane abamnyama, amadube ama-grevy, i-panda enkulu nezinye izilwane ezinyamalalayo. Le misebenzi izokhonjiswa eDarwin Museum yaseMoscow ngoMashi 2017.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Andy Warhol akakaze akhangise impilo yakhe uqobo, kodwa futhi akazange afihle ukuxhumana kwakhe, nobungane nothando. Isikhathi eside, i-warhol yafakwa njengenoveli nemnyuziyamu yakhe nentombi, u-Edid Sedgevik Model. Babengahlukanisiwe, izinwele bezigqoke ngokulinganayo, zapenda izinwele zazo, izipikili, zigqoke izinwele ezifanayo, u-Eddi wahlungwa kusukela ku-Andy ngamafilimu wabhekana nemidwebo.Lapho lo mbhangqwana uhlukana, kwakukhona amahemuhemu ngomlutha wezidakamizwa womabili abamele amasiko e-POP, kepha ukuqinisekiswa okusemthethweni kwalokho okwakungumlutha wezidakamizwa, cha. Cishe u-Andy akunakwenzeka futhi umqondo wakhe wabopha okuthile ngaphandle kobuciko, ngoba umculi omkhulu wesimanje wayethanda kakhulu.
Ukushona
Yini u-Andy Warhol abulale? Lo mbuzo ukhathaza abalandeli abaningi bomsebenzi wakhe. Umculi ushone eneminyaka engama-58 esibhedlela saseManhattan, ngemuva kokuhlinzwa ukususa i-gallbladder. Imbangela esemthethweni yokufa iyisimo senhliziyo. Kwenzeka ngoFebhuwari 22, 1987.
Heritage Andy warhol
Ifilosofi ye-warhol yayiseduze nokubheka impilo, ukuzimela kanye nekhono lokubona umhlaba ngakolunye uhlangothi. Lowo mculi obeka i-canvases, ubheke ngobuqotho ukuthi ukupenda kwezentengiso kunelungelo lokuba khona, futhi akukho lutho olunsundu.
Izinduku ezinamathelayo u-Andy zingachazwa njengobuciko be-pop bangempela, yize wayevame ukusebenzisa imali evamile ebonakalayo. Ngakho-ke, imidwebo yosaziwayo inezici ezinhle kakhulu futhi ifana nesikebhe esimnandi, i-speezing kusuka kumuntu onobuntu obuthile. Upende okhanyayo udlulisa isimo somculi, namathoni e-neon asetshenziswa nguye ekugcineni kokuphela kokukhala ngemicabango nemizwa engashiwongo.
Ukuchazwa kwemidwebo ye-Master kuyindaba engabongi. Kungcono ukubona i-canvas yakhe kanye futhi nginomuzwa wokuthi isithembiso esifanele sokuthi u-Andy afuna ukudlulisela emphakathini, kunokuba akhuphule i-encyclopedia enikelwe emsebenzini wakhe.
By the way, umdwebi umlobi hhayi kuphela i-cinema engaphansi komhlaba, kodwa futhi (ku-Abentntia) umbhali wezincwadi eziningana, kufaka phakathi:
- I- "America";
- "Andy warhol diaries";
- "Ifilosofi ka-Andy Warhophy (kusuka ku-A kuye ku-B nokuphambene nalokho)."
Imibono kanye nethalente lika-Andy Qhubeka nokugqugquzela abaculi, abakhangisi, abantu bobuciko kanye nosomabhizinisi. Ngakho-ke, umdwebo wezibuko ezitholakala emaphepheni okugcina eWarholl wasunduzela uhlobo lwe-retrosuperfuture ngomqondo wokwenza iqoqo lezesekeli zelanga. Imikhiqizo eminingi yemfashini isebenzisa i-wizadi yomsebenzi ehlukahlukene ukudala amaphrinta amaqoqo wezingubo zokugqoka, amaphephadonga, izikhwama nezinye izinto zoMklami.