I-Biograge
IHayao Miyazaki iyisizinda esidumile saseJapan, umqondisi, umbhali wesikrini, umkhiqizi kanye nento nje yokukhulekelwa kwabathandi besimanje abanezithombe zanamuhla ze-classical izithombe zakudala. Abagxeki abakhathali ngokunikela ngethalente loMdali, izintatheli zigubha ubuntu obujulile be-tapes Hayao, futhi umphakathi uya kwi-cinema ngokuzithandela kuwo wonke amasha.
Abalandeli babheka uMiyazaki ngendaba enhle, ikakhulukazi kusukela kunesibalo esiphansi (ukukhula kweHayao - ngo-164 cm), ukumamatheka okunobungane nomlingiswa omnene we-Master walo mthelela. Kodwa-ke, umqondisi ngokwakhe wavuma kaningi ukuthi wayebheka umhlaba ngengxenyana efanelekile yokuphelelwa yithemba.
Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubuntwana bukaHayao kwadingeka kube nzima esikhathini seJapan: umfana wazalwa ngo-1941, phakathi kwempi yezwe yesibili. Umhlaba oshukunyiswe uguquko ubuye wabuyisela isibonakaliso esingenakuqhathaniswa esikude kanye nobuntu beHayao, okwenza kube ngumphikisi we-fascism kanye ne-pacifist eqinisekisiwe.
Kusukela enganeni esencane, eyadlula edolobheni lase-Akabono-Tyo, umdwebi waletha ukuncoma izindiza, kamuva kwavela kumateyipu akhe amaningi. Ubaba womfana, uKatzoode Miyazaki, wasebenza eminyakeni yempi efektri yaseMiyazaki Eipleint, eyenza izakhi ze-6m zero model airplanes.
Umndeni wakwaMqondisi wesikhathi esizayo wawujwayelene kakhulu, uHayao waba owesibili emadodaneni amane. Ngokubambisana noYise nabafowethu, umfana wahamba cishe yonke iJapan: Umkhaya kwakuvame ukuhamba ngenxa yesifo sikamama esiphethwe yisifo sofuba. Indawo ehlala njalo yezihlalo zahlala iminyaka engaphezu kwe-10, kusukela ngo-1947 kuya ku-1955. Ngo-1956, kwabulawa isimangaliso - umama kaMiyazaki ngokugcwele ngemuva kwenkambo enkulu yalesi sifo.
Ukuwela okujwayelekile akuzange kuvimbele le nsizwa ukuba ithole imfundo enhle kakhulu. Ngo-1958, uHayao uthweswe iziqu esikoleni esidala sikaTyotam futhi wacabanga ngokungena eTokyo University.
Amafilimu
IHayao ekuseni inqume ekukhetheni umsebenzi. Izithombe zamhlaba umxhwele ngengozi naphakade. Ngenkathi esengumfundi wesikole esiphakeme, le nsizwa yabona ifilimu lekhathuni "inganekwane yenyoka emhlophe". Umbono wesithombe wawunamandla kangangokuba uMiyazaki wanquma ukuzinikela ngezithombe.
Isikole sizame amandla ekwakheni okwakhe i-manga (incwadi yamahlaya), kodwa ngokushesha sabhekana nobunzima ngokushesha. Okokuqala, uHayao wayengazi ukuthi adwebe kanjani abantu, ngesinye isikhathi kwakuyimidwebo yendiza kuphela. Okwesibili, ukuqhathanisa imidwebo namafreyimu aphefumulelwe yi-anime yakhe, umculi we-novice wabona ukuthi ibikopishwe ngokuningiliziwe isitayela sakudala. Izilaleli azibonanga umsebenzi wokuqala: UMiyazaki washisa indalo yakhe.
Ngo-1963, kwabhalwa insizwa eGakusuin University, lapho afunda khona ezombusazwe kanye nezomnotho - izinto ezikude nezwe lokugqwayiza. Kepha phakathi nomfundi, uHayao wakwazi ukuthola okuhlangenwe nakho okubaluleke kakhulu: kuyo yonke le minyaka yokufunda wayeyingxenye ye-University Book Book Club. Izincwadi zezingane zaba yinto esemqoka yokunakwa kwencwadi kanye nemisebenzi yababhali baseYurophu yafundwa ngokucophelela.
Ekupheleni kweNyuvesi, uHayao oneminyaka engu-22 ubudala wangena enkonzweni e-Toei izithombe, enye yezindawo ezinkulu kunazo zonke eJapan. Izolo, iziqu zaqala nge-Azov futhi zakhuphuka ngokushesha ileli. Ngo-1963, uHayao usebenze njengomshayeli wesigaba - upende izigaba eziphakathi nendawo zokuhamba zabalingiswa abalingiswa be-anime wan wan chuushikur. Ngemuva kweminyaka emi-2, ngo-1965, ithalente lesithombe esincane sabona ubuholi be studio. Izindaba zazisa kakhulu umnikelo wakhe ekwakheni ikhathuni elimnyama nelimhlophe "isikhala sokufika se-gulyer" futhi sivunyelwe ukuguqula isiphetho sesithombe.
Kusukela ngo-1969 kuya ku-1971, uHayao wakwazi ukusebenza ngamaphrojekthi amathathu - ikati le-trilogy ", ukuvikelwa kwe-manga" umkhumbi odumile ", ifilimu enezithombe" isiqhingi seReverior Treasure Island ". Kulokhu uMiyazaki wahlanganyela ekuphuthumeni futhi adonse izithombe ezibalulekile. Ngokuhambisana nokwakhiwa kwamakhathuni, umculi wadonsela i-manga, ngesikhathi esifanayo inoveli ecacile ethi "Izinambuzane Zikabantu". UMiyazaki ushicilelwe ngaphansi kwegama eliqanjiwe eSaburo Akitsa.
Umsebenzi e-Toi ulethe okuhlangenwe nakho komculi we-novice nokuthandana okuwusizo. I-Miyazaki Studio ithuthukise inqubo ngaphansi kobuholi be-Animator ye-Yasudzi Mori eyaziwayo yahlangana no-Isa Takahata, umlingani wekusasa nomngane osondelene naye kanye nomngane osondelene naye kanye nomngane osondelene naye.
Naphezu kwempumelelo esobala emsebenzini wakhe, uHayao wayenganelisekile ngezimo zokusebenza ezinzima kakhulu. Ngokubambisana namanye ama-animators noTakahat, wadala inyunyana yabasebenzi evikela izintshisekelo zabasebenzi abanezithombe ezinezithombe. Lo mbhikisho ulandele iphethini yokuthatha umhlalaphansi: Umhlahlandlela we-TOEI uthathe ukuqashwa kwekhathuni "iNkosana yasenyakatho". Ukumhlupha kuye kwalungisa iHayao uqobo, futhi kwaqondisa isithombe sika-Isa Takahata. Iphuzu lokujika lafika ngo-1971. Abangani banqume ukushintsha studio.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uMiyazaki noMlingani wasungula i-Autonomous Project A-Pro, kodwa ukuqala komsebenzi ozimele kwakufanele kuhlehliswe. Iphuzu eliphakathi nendawo kwakuyinto yokuzijabulisa ye-TMS ye-Studio. Lapho, uMiyazaki noTakahata basebenza ngokuhlangene ngokuqhubeka kochungechunge oluthi "Lupine III". Ku-TMS, ozakwethu basebenze iminyaka emi-2.
Ukuma okulandelayo kwakuwukubambisana okuhlala njalo nge-Nippon izithombe, lapho ngo-1978 uMiyazaki waphilwa njengoMqondisi. Umsebenzi wakhe wokuqala yi-multilerry anime "Conan - umfana ovela esikhathini esizayo", udubule emsebenzini womugqa omangalisayo ".
Ngemuva konyaka, ama-animati angena esikhundleni se-studio futhi abuyela ku-TM. Kakade i-miyazaki eyaziwayo iqhubeka nokuzibandakanya kumqondisi. Ekugcineni, hayao wadala ikhathuni lokuqala eliyimfihlo eligcwele "Lupine III: Caliosotro Castle." Impumelelo yopende kwakuyisidalwa, "lupine III" futhi manje ifakiwe ohlwini lwe-anime enhle kakhulu eyake yadalwa eJapan.
Engxoxweni, i-animator yesithonjana ivame ukuphindaphinda ukuthi washiya i-manga ngenxa yokunganeliseki ngemiphumela yokugcina. Ngenhlanhla abalandeli boMdali, izilaleli zazinombono ohluke ngokuphelele.
Ngo-1982, umagazini wezi-animage waqala ukushicilela i-manga ngenxa yokugunyazwa kweHayao. I-heroine yemifanekiso yaba yinkosazana, ephila ezweni lasePostpocalyptic futhi lilwela ubumsulwa bemvelo. "Ukulangazela okuvela esigodini semimoya" kwasheshe kwathandwa, futhi inhloko yendlu yokushicilela "Tokum Speen" yenza isiphakamiso sokufakelwa kwefilimu. UMiyazaki wavuma, ukuthuthukiswa komdwebo kwaqala ngokushesha.
Ngokwesiko esivele selisunguliwe, iHayao likhangwa yiProjekthi Takahat: U-Isa Wo wathatha isithombe esikhiqiza. Ngenxa yohlelo lomsebenzi oluminyene, ikhathuni eligcwele elivele livele esikrinini esikhulu selivele lingu-1984. Abagxeki basabela kahle.
Impumelelo yeteyipu yokuqala ephefumlelwe umqondisi oneminyaka engama-43. Ngokubambisana no-Isa Takahahata kanye nomhleli we-animage, uMiyazaki wadala i-Ghibli Studio edumile, eyethule ubuciko obukhanyayo emhlabeni wezithombe zaseJapan. I-studio "Gibbles" yavela ngokusemthethweni ngo-1985, kwathi ngemuva konyaka wethula izibukeli iphrojekthi ye-Debut - ifilimu eligcwele ubude "nenqaba yeLuldull ye-Laput."
Ngo-1988, "kwafika amakhelwane wami". Lesi sithombe sithwala izilaleli esifundazweni saseJapan maphakathi nekhulu lama-20, lapho odade ababili bebhekene nokufika futhi bahlangane nemimoya emangazayo, kodwa enhle. Amakha amahle athandwa eJapan nakwamanye amazwe, abantu abadala kanye nezingane bamukelwa ngezinhlamvu zeteyipu, kanti uTotoro ngokwakhe wathatha indawo ehlonishwayo esifanekisweni se-studio Ghibli.
UTotoro wembula isici esikhanyayo somsebenzi wobungcweti baseJapan: abalingiswa abaphambili, noma ngokunembile, amantombazane amancane avame ukuba yimine kumafilimu akhe anezithombe. I-Bold, amantombazane anesibindi futhi anobuhlakani avela ku- "Witch Delivery Service", i-Oscar-Axis Cartoon "Ghostly Ghosts" kanye "nePrincess Mononok" eyimfihlakalo. Kukholakala ukuthi i- "Princess Mononok" yaletha uMiyazaki kanye ne-studio "Gibbles" ububanzi emhlabeni wonke.
Impumelelo ekhanyayo ikakhulukazi, isithombe esasinabo e-United States, ukuqashelwa kwafakwa umqhele ngesivumelwano noWalt Disney, osayinwe ngo-1996. Ngokusho kokuqashelwa kozakwabo baseMelika, uMiyazaki lapho kusayina isivumelwano kwakungu-AdAmant. Umqondisi wafuna ukuthi i-studio iveze ikhathuni njengoba ayesekuqaleni. Njengengxabano, i-animator yathumela inkemba yakwaSamurai, fan ngopende obomvu, futhi yasayina iphasela kumusho: "Ungasiki".
Ngemuva kokuqeda inkosazana Mononok, uMqondisi waqala wamemezela isifiso sokuyeka umsebenzi studio futhi angene ezithombeni ezingenzi nzuzo. Amasu aphule umcimbi odabukisayo - ukufa kwe-condo, enye yezithombe ezibalulekile ezitudiyo studio Ghibli.
UMiyazaki waqhubeka nokusebenza. Iphrojekthi elandelayo kwakuyimbobo "egqokwa izipoki", ezabona ukukhanya ngo-2001. Mayelana nempumelelo yakhe isho kahle umklomelo wale miklomelo: Umklomelo weJapan Film Academy, ibhere legolide, elithathwe ngo-2002 Berlin festival, futhi, ekugcineni, u-Oscar wathola unyaka olandelayo.
Umlingisi ophambili wokupenda kwakuyintombazanyana ithimba elincane, elinabazali balo, elishaya izwe lomlingo, laphenduka izingulube. Ukuze abasindise, le ndodakazi ithola ukusebenzela i-hostess yale ndawo, umthakathi waseYababa. Ngesikhathi ehlala endaweni efakiwe, uThikhiro ujwayelana neHaku, udrako nomfana othile kumuntu oyedwa, kanye noNkulunkulu wekalona (abangenacala), umkhulu kaKamazzi, intombazane Rin.
Ngo-2004, uhlu lwama-triumphs lwagcwalisa isithombe se- "Walking Castle", esekwe esizeni inoveli ye-tappy yombhali waseBrithani uDiana Winn Jones. Umlando wokudalwa kwesithombe awujwayelekile: UMiyazaki wavuma ukuqeda umsebenzi womunye umqondisi, uMormondow Hosoda.
Maye, ukuhanjiswa kulandelwa ngokungafanele ngokuwa. Ngo-2006, isitudiyo saqeda umsebenzi 'emazweni omhlaba', i-anime yobude obugcwele, umjikelezo wokuhlola wezincwadi zika-Ursula le Guin. UMiyazaki wafuna imvume yesimemezelo, kepha indodana yakhe i-GoRO yaqala ukusebenza kwifilimu. Esezinhlelweni zokuhlunga, ubudlelwano babaqondisi abancane nabanolwazi bakhungatheka kakhulu, futhi u-Ursula ngokwakhe wadumala ngomsebenzi wedolobha.
Izilinganiso eziphikisanayo ze- "legends" azange zenze umqondisi ashiye izithombe, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2008 "izinhlanzi zezinhlanzi zasedwaleni" zavela kumabhayisikobho. UMiyazaki ukhombise inani lengozi: Iphrojekthi entsha yanikezwa amabhonasi amabili eJapan kanye nemiklomelo emibili yomkhosi wefilimu ka-2009.
UHayao wethule umhlaba hhayi amakhathuni amangalisayo kuphela, elinye lamaphrojekthi aba yimnyuziyamu yokugqwayiza. Umqondo wokwenza imnyuziyamu "ama-gibbles" okokuqala wamenyezelwa ngonyaka we-1998, kodwa ngenxa yokuqashwa okuphezulu kombhali, ukuqala komsebenzi kudluliselwe kaninginingi.
Ukwakhiwa kwaqala ngo-2000 kuphela. Umqondisi ngokwakhe wasebenza emidwebo. UHayao wayefuna ukwakhiwa kwesakhiwo esikhulu ukuze abe yingxenye yokuzibonakalisa. Ukutholwa okusemthethweni kwenzeka ngo-Okthoba 1, 2001. I-Anime Studio Museum yenziwa ngesimo selebhu, ukuhamba lapho izivakashi zihlangabezana nezinhlamvu zamafilimu ayithandayo.
Ngemuva kokukhishwa kwezinhlanzi uPonO ngo-2008, umqondisi uthathe ikhefu, okwathatha iminyaka eyi-6. Ngalesi sikhathi, uMiyazaki wabamba iqhaza ekubhaleni izimo zamateyiphu amabili amasha "ama-gibbles" ("ariett avela ezweni lama-liliputs" futhi "avela emithambekeni ye-sokuriko") futhi kuphela lapho kuphinde kwabingelela uMqondisi.
Indiza yokuduma i-hayao ayikwazanga ukulahla ukwakhiwa kwekhathuni "i-Wind Fasteners", isisekelo sendaba yempilo kaDziro Chirokosi, indiza edumile yaseJapan, eyasebenza endizeni ye-A6M zero.
Ukumelela umsebenzi eVenice Film Femumes ka-2013, uMiyazaki wazisa ngokusemthethweni amaphephandaba lapho kuphothulwa khona umsebenzi. Ngemuva konyaka, igama lakhe lalifakiwe "eHholo Lomdumo lwenganekwane yesayensi". Futhi ngoNovemba 2016 lezi zindaba zavela, ngokubona okucatshangwa kwabalandeli abaningi: Ukugcwaliswa kwayo okulungiselelwe kwe-maestro.
Umqondisi wasebenza kwifilimu emfushane ethi "isibungu boro". Emsebenzini omusha, uHayao wanquma ukuzama ubuchwepheshe be-3D. I-Premiere yenzeka ngoMashi 2018 emnyuziyamu we-Gibbles, lapho manje kukhonjiswa khona.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
I-Multiplier ihlanganyela ngokuzithandela nezinhlelo zabezindaba ezihlobene namaphrojekthi amasha futhi ziveze obala isikhundla somphakathi, kepha kancane empilweni yomuntu siqu nomndeni waseMiyasaka.
Unkosikazi kaHayao waba yi-Akémi Ota, Isikhulu Sokugqwayiza Sokugqwayiza. Umshado wenzeka lapho okuphindaphindekayo kwakuneminyaka engama-24. Amadodana amabili avela emshadweni - goro noCaesuke. Indodana endala yaqhubeka noyise, futhi uCaessuke wathembisana ama-coarvening okhuni.
I-Runtinee Hayao Miyazaki, ngenxa yabalandeli abaningi emhlabeni wonke, baphendukela ekuhlobiseni kwangempela. Izimbambo zalo ezinezithombe, ezigcwele amazwi ahlakaniphile, ahlukaniswa ngezingcaphuno. Egameni leHayao, kunekhasi ku- "Instagram", eliveza amafreyimu wesithombe avela kumakhosi wekhathuni athandwayo. Iqiniso elijabulisayo ukuthi kunethiwekhi yokuxhumana nomphakathi kunebhulogi le-Miyazaki fan, edala ukufakwa kwe-Culinary, ukukopisha ozimele kusuka kuma-piaation paintings nguMqondisi Wezithombe.
Hayao miyazaki manje
I-biography yokudala yomqondisi ayikaqedwa. Enjabulweni yabalandeli beHayao Miyazaki, umkhiqizi weStudios "Gibbles" UTosio Suzuki uthe lesi sithombe esigcwele sobude be-master "Uhlala kanjani?" Ukukhanya okukhulu ngaphezulu kweminyaka emithathu kuya kwemine.
Lesi simo sasisuselwa esakhiweni segama elifanayo lencwadi yango-1937 mayelana neBoy Junjiti Honda, eyabizelwa ukubhema ukuhlonipha usosayensi uNikolai Copernicus. Le nsizwa ilahlekelwa nguyise futhi iphoqelekile ukuba idluliselwe ekhaya lomalume nodadewethu abahlekisayo.
Ithemba labathandi bohlobo lwe-ANYRE oluzovela ebungcweti besikhathi esizayo bashiya imisebenzi yabafundi bakaMiyazaki. Entwasahlobo yango-2018, isithombe esithi "Mary kanye ne-Winthin Flower" kaGiromasa Yonbayashi, umqondisi ofunde okuningi kwabavuthiwe, esebenza ngaphansi kobuholi bakhe ukudala izigcawu ezivela "kanye" nenqaba yokuhamba ". Umsebenzi we-Chromas omusha we-chromas wadedelwa estudiyo "PONOC" (Studio Pooc), kodwa, ngokusho kwakhe, iqembu labaculi lagcina indlela yokwakha izithombe "ze-gibby".
Futhi, ukuqhubeka kwamasiko eHayao kubizwa nangokuthi i-makoto syncliprier ephindaphindekile, yize i-animator ngokwakhe imemezela ukuthi amandla ayo ayabhekelwa phansi.
Izics
- Ngo-1984 - "Okungalungile Esigodini Somoya"
- 1986 - "Isibhakabhaka seLaput Castle"
- 1988 - "Umakhelwane wami"
- 1989 - "Insizakalo Yokulethwa Kwe-Witch"
- 1992 - "Ukuphonsa iRosso"
- 1997 - "Princess Mononok"
- Ngo-2001 - "Ine-Ghosts"
- Ngo-2004 - "Ukuhamba Castle"
- Ngo-2008 - "Izinhlanzi PONO edwaleni"
- 2013 - "umoya unamandla"
- 2018 - "Crawler Boro"
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Iqhawe Totoro yaba uphawu lwe studio "Gibbles", wavela nakwikhathuni "indaba yamathoyizi. Ukuphunyuka okukhulu. "
- "Ama-Ghosts agqokwa" - Iteyiphu yokuqala yokuphindaphinda komqondisi, inzuzo lapho ipulangwe lafinyelelwa khona ama- $ 200 million ngisho nangaphambi kokugoqwa e-United States.
- "Umakhelwane wami uTotoro" waba yingxenye yohlelo lwemfundo yobuhle ezikoleni zaseJapan.