I-Biograge
UNikola Tesla ungunjiniyela, isazi semvelo, umsunguli omkhulu kunawo wonke kanye nososayensi wekhulu lamashumi amabili. Ukutholwa kwalo kwashintsha umhlaba wonke, futhi impilo yakhe ne-biography yagcwala imicimbi emangalisayo. Udumo lomhlaba wonke lweTesla lutholile njengoMdali wemoto kagesi, i-generator, amadivaysi ahlukahlukene namadivayisi asebenza ngokushintshana kwamanje, okuba yimibhalo eyinhloko yesigaba sesibili sezinguquko zezimboni kanye namaqiniso amangazayo e-biography yayo.
UNikola Tesla waziwa nangokuthi omunye walabo abakholelwa phambi kwamandla wamahhala we-ether. Uqhube inani elikhulu lezivivinyo kanye nokuhlolwa okuqinisekisa ukutholakala kwalo kanye nokuthi kungenzeka yini ukusebenzisa ubuchwepheshe obubalulekile. Ubizwa ngokuthi ama-psychics abikezela izwe lanamuhla, amanye abizwa ngokuthi i-charlatan ne-schizophrenic, okwesithathu - umsunguli omkhulu nososayensi.
Ubuntwana
Ubaba wososayensi odumile uTesla wayengumfundisi, umama kaGeorgina Tesla wakhuphula izingane futhi wasiza umyeni wakhe esontweni. UNikola wayenabo odade abathathu nomfowenu owabulawa ebuntwaneni ngokuwa ehhashini. Lo mndeni waphila amakhilomitha ayisithupha ukusuka edolobheni laseSelbia eSlelias. UNikola Tesla uvele ngoJulayi 10, 1856
Namuhla, indawo eyazalelwa esosayensi itholakala eCroatia, ngaleso sikhathi kwakuyindawo ye-Austria-Hungary. Isikole sokuqala sesikole umfana uqeda edolobhaneni. Naphezu kwezimo ezicindezelwe kanye nokushoda kothisha, wakuthanda impela lapho.
Ngakho-ke, izindaba zokuthuthela embusweni zicasukile. Isizathu soshintsho olunjalo kwaba nguBaba eSan. Isikole esisencane sikaNikola siphetha embusweni.
Ngemuva kokuphothula kwakhe, uvakashela indawo yokuzivocavoca iminyaka emithathu. Kusukela ebuntwaneni funda ukuzimela. Abazali basebenza kakhulu, akuvamile ukuba bafike ekhaya, izihlobo zinakekela umfana. Isiza ukugcina ipulazi, kamuva lihlelwe esitshalweni ukuze lithole imali ephaketheni. Ekwindla ka-1870, uhambela eKarlovac futhi ungena esikoleni sangempela esiphakeme kakhulu.
Isifo
Ngo-1873, uNikola Tesla uthola isitifiketi sokuvuthwa, kukhombisa lapho uya khona. Ababelethi bafuna ukuba yiNdodana baqhubeke nomsebenzi wabo, baba umpristi. Lezi zinsizwa zazinezinye izintshisekelo ezingahlobene nesonto. Kanye emaphethelweni, ngokulangazelela kukhombisa ngekusasa. Akafuni ukungamlaleli abazali, uNikola wenza isinqumo sokutadisha isayensi engokomoya.
Isiza esiyalelwe ngenye indlela. Esimweni sobhubhane lukaKholera lwaqubuka, okwasonta okweshumi kwezakhamizi. Wonke umndeni wakwaTesla wagula, ngakho-ke uNikola uvinjelwe ngokuqinile ekubuyeleni ekhaya. Ugibela abazali futhi egula ngokushesha. Izinyanga eziyisishiyagalolunye zokugula zinzima ezinye izifo zaba usizo olukhulu kuye.
Isimo sasinethemba, odokotela abakwazanga ukusiza noma yini. Ingxoxo noyise yenzeka ngesinye sezinsuku ezinzima zenhlekelele. Ubaba, ezama ukujabulisa insizwa, wathi konke kuzolunga, futhi wayezolulama. UNikola waphendula ngokuthi uhlakazekile uma uyise engamvumela ukuba anikele impilo yakhe ecaleni lonjiniyela. Ubaba wathembisa iNdodana efayo azoyifunda e-University of Europe edumile kakhulu.
Mhlawumbe lesi kwakuyisizathu sokubuyiselwa kukaNikola. Uyena ukhumbula i-savarkov, eyayisendlini yompristi lapho kungekho owanethemba lokuthi kukhona. Owesifazane osekhulile wayegula nge-decoction kabhontshisi, okwaba isidakamizwa esiyisimangaliso esabeka le nsizwa ezinyaweni zayo. Ngemuva kokuvuselelwa, uNikola, iminyaka emithathu yafihla ezintabeni isuka eMsebenzini ebuthweni lezempi, ngoba ibingakasindisi ngokuphelele isifo.
Ngemuva kokugula okubuhlungu, uTesla wabonakala ukwesaba kwe-manic ngaphambi kwethuba lokuthatha ngokushesha ukutheleleka. Wayevame ukuthatheka izandla. Kuphawula ukundiza okuxakile etafuleni, kufunwa ukushintshwa kwezitsha. Umuzwa wesibili, awuthola ngemuva kwalesi sifo, kuyinto eqinile yokukhanya kokukhanya okufihla izinto zangempela nokubuyisela imicabango.
Kamuva, lesi sici sazibonakalise eqinisweni lokuthi kanye nokuqubuka kwawo kwakunombono wokwenziwa kwakhe kwesikhathi esizayo. Isipho esingajwayelekile savezwa eqinisweni lokuthi usosayensi wamelela idivaysi noma idivaysi, wahlola ngokomqondo futhi wafaka engokoqobo, ethola umkhiqizo ofanele. Amakhono akhe angamona ngekhompyutha yanamuhla.
Ucwaningo
Ngo-1875, uNikola Tesla uba ngumfundi wesikole sezobuchwepheshe esiphakeme eGraz (manje ese-Graz Technical University), ufunda ubunjiniyela bakagesi. Ngonyaka wokuqala, ubuke umshini wegramu, uphetha ngokuthi umsebenzi wawo ogcwele ogcwele uvinjelwe i-motor yamanje. Utitjhere umgxeke kakhulu, ethi imoto ngeke isebenze ngokushintshana kwamanje.
Unyaka wesithathu wawungumlutha wokugembula, walahlekelwa yimali eningi. Ukukhumbula lesi sikhathi sempilo, ubhala ukuthi imidlalo yamakhadi ibingazijabulisi yena, futhi isifiso sokuphazamisa ukwehluleka.
Amanani awina asabalalisa abalahlekile - wabizwa ngokuthi i-eccentric. Isifiso sokugembula siphelile ngokulahleka okukhulu, ngemuva kwalokho umama kufanele athathe imali kumngane azonikeza isikweletu samakhadi.
Umfundi unquma engqondweni yemisebenzi enzima kunazo zonke, ngokungathandeki ngokwanele, awuzange uphumelele izivivinyo zokugcina, ngakho-ke isikole asiqedanga. Ngo-1879, ubaba uyafa. Ukusiza umndeni, uNikola wenelisekile ngothisha we-Gymnasium embusweni. Ngonyaka olandelayo, oxhaswa ngemali ngoMalume, iba ngumfundi wefilosofi yase-University of Prague. Ngemuva kwesemester yokuqala, iyafunda futhi icelwe iHungary.
Sebenza eYurophu
Ngo-1881, wathuthela eBudapest, usebenza eMnyangweni Wobunjiniyela bomqambi we-telegraph ophakathi kanye nomsakazi. Lapha, uyakwazi ukufinyelela esifundweni sokwenziwa okuqhubekayo, amandla okuhlola nokuhlanganisa imibono yakhe. Umsebenzi oyinhloko walesi sikhathi kwakuwukusungulwa kwemoto kagesi ekuguqukeni kwamanje.
Ezinyangeni ezimbili ezingaphelele zomsebenzi obanzi zidala wonke ama-motor eyodwa ne-multiphase motors, konke ukuguqulwa kohlelo oluhlotshaniswa negama lalo. Ukusungulwa kwemisebenzi ye-Tesla kwababongayo ukuthi kungenzeka ukuthi kudluliselwe amandla kumabanga amade amabanga amade, ukunika amadivayisi wokukhanyisa, imishini yefektri namadivayisi asendlini.
Ku-1882nd kuqhubekela eParis, kuhlelwe ku-Contison yenkampani e-Edison. Le nkampani yasebenza ekwakhiweni kwesiteshi samandla esiteshini sesitimela eStrasbourg. Ukuxazulula izingqinamba ezisebenzayo, uTesla wathunyelwa lapho. Esikhathini sakhe samahhala, usosayensi usebenza ngemoto kagesi ese-asynchronous, ngo-1883 ukhombisa umsebenzi wakhe ehholo ledolobha laseStrasbourg.
Sebenza eMelika
Ngo-1884 ibuyela eParis, lapho yenqaba ukukhokha iprimiyamu ethenjisiwe. I-Tesla ethusiwe ifanela futhi yenza isinqumo sokuya eMelika. UJulayi 6 ufika eNew York. Kuhlelwe ku-Edison Machine isebenza unjiniyela wokulungiswa kwama-motors kagesi nama-DC gerators.
UTesla unethemba lokuthi uzozinikela emsebenzini wakhe amthandayo - ukudalwa kwezimoto ezintsha, kepha imibono yokuqamba idubula i-Edison. Kwakukhona impikiswano phakathi kwabo. Umfuduki uma kwenzeka ukulahlekelwa ngumphikisi kwakuwukuthola cishe amadola ase-US ayisigidi. UTesla wawina impikiswano ngokwethula izinhlobo ezingama-24 zokusungulwa kuka-Edison. Ukubuyisela ukuthi impikiswano yayingamahlaya, uThomas Edison akazange anikeze imali.
Umsunguli uyaxoshwa futhi asebenze. Ukuze ngandlela thile uphile, bamba umgodi futhi wamukele iminikelo. Ngalesi sikhathi, ukujwayelana kwakhe nonjiniyela onsundu, ngesandla sokukhanya kwaso abantu abathakazelayo abazofunda ngemibono yososayensi. Ku-Fikth Avenue yakwaNikola, basusa ilabhorethri, eyalandela ngokulandelayo iba yi- "Tesla Ark Light Company", ikhiqiza izibani ze-ARC zokukhanyisa emgwaqweni.
Ehlobo lika-1888, uTesla uqala ukubambisana noMphakathi wase-American George West. I-Industrialist ithenga amalungelo obunikazi athile kanye neqoqo lamalambu we-arc kumsunguli. Ukubona ukuthi phambi kwakhe ubuhlakani, uhlenga cishe wonke amalungelo obunikazi futhi ameme ukuba usebenzele elabhoratri lenkampani yalo. UTesla wenqaba, ebona ukuthi kuzonciphisa inkululeko.
Ngo-1888-1895, ososayensi athela kakhulu, usosayensi uhlola amasimu kazibuthe afinyelela emazingeni aphakeme aphezulu. I-American Institute of Electrocheumans imema ukuba enze inkulumo. Inkulumo ngaphambi kwemishini kagesi yaba nempumelelo engakaze ibonwe.
Ngo-1895, ngoMashi 13, ilabhorethri kwi-Fifth Avenue eshiswe emhlabathini. Umlilo ubhujisiwe kanye nokwenziwa kwakamuva kwakamuva. Usosayensi uthe usekulungele ukubuyisa yonke into ngememori. Inkampani yaseNiagara Falls ihlinzeke ngemali yokuxhaswa kwezezimali ku- $ 100,000. Ukuqala umsebenzi ngelebhu entsha yeTesla yakwazi ukuwa.
Ukuvula nokwenziwa
Wasungulani? UNikola Tesla wayenokwenziwa okuningi, kepha ukutholwa okubaluleke kakhulu kwesayensi kwakungu:
- Ukuthuthukisa i-Transformer yokuvuselelwa komhlaba osebenza ekudluliseleni ugesi kufana nesibonakude ekubonileni kwezinkanyezi.
- Indlela yokugcina nokudlulisa ukukhanya;
- Umbono wensimu (ukujikeleza phansi kazibuthe);
- Ukushintsha kwamanje;
- I-AC motor;
- UTesla Coil;
- Umsakazo;
- Ama-X-ray;
- Ukuthuthukisa ukudlulisela;
- I-Turbine Nikola Tesla;
- Isithombe sesithunzi;
- Amalambu we-neon;
- I-Transformer Pestuation yesiteshi samandla ka-Adams;
- Televaloat;
- Injini ye-asynchronous;
- Isibani se-Electrodynamic.
- Ukulawulwa okukude;
- Imikhumbi kagesi;
- Amarobhothi;
- Ozone tesla generator;
- Umlilo obandayo.
- Ukuxhumana okungenantambo namandla angenamkhawulo;
- I-Laser.
- Ibhola le-plasma.
- Ukufakwa kokukhiqizwa kombani webhola.
Imfihlakalo, ubuntu obuseduze kukaTesla, wabeletha izinganekwane nezinsumansumane. Abacwaningi banamuhla bangabaza ngesimo sakhe sengqondo ngokuzama kwePhiladelphian ngomkhumbi, ku-Tungusian Meteorite, ukudala imoto kagesi, imisebe yokufa kanye nokunye okutholakele okungaqinisekisiwe. UTesla wayekholelwa emqondweni wendawo yonke, iziKronike zika-Akasha, amandla omhlaba nokuthi ungumuntu ophilayo.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UTesla wahlukaniswa ngumlingiswa ongemuva nemikhuba engaziwa. Abesifazane abaningi bathandana naye, kodwa akavumanga futhi akazange ashade. Unamathele ezinkolelweni ukuthi impilo yomndeni, ukuzalwa kwezingane akuhambelani nomsebenzi wesayensi. Ngaphambi nje kokuba afe, usosayensi uyavuma ukuthi ukwenqaba impilo yomuntu siqu kwakuyisisulu esingenasisekelo.
UTesla ngemuva kokushiya indlu yabazali bakhe, kwakungekho ikhaya lakhe. Wayephila elabhorethri noma emakamelweni ehhotela. Ngilele amahora amabili ngosuku, futhi lapho ngichithe amahora angama-84 emsebenzini, ngingazizwa ukukhathala. Ngesinye isikhathi waphuza i-whisky nsuku zonke, ekholelwa ukuthi kuzokwelula impilo yakhe. Ngesikhathi esifanayo wahlaselwa yi-neurosis kanye nezindawo ezibonakalayo.
Ubengumsekeli we-Eugene - Ukukhetha kwabantu kanye nokulawula inzalo.
Itshe lesikhumbuzo kuNikola Tesche
Isikhumbuzo singumsunguli omkhulu nososayensi ngokufaneleka kwaso nokutholwa kwakhiwe eSilicon Valley ngonyaka ka-2013 kuya kuMnikelo Wokuzithandela.
Izimali zihlangene zisebenzisa insizakalo yeCickstarter. Ngokusekelwe esifanekisweni, i-capsule iyabekwa, ezovulwa ngo-2043. Isikhumbuzo yiphuzu lamahhala lokufinyelela kwe-inthanethi okungenantambo.