I-Biograge
Ekukhulumeni ngegama likaRay Bradbury, wonke umuntu uzocabanga ngamanoveli amahle amahle kakhulu. URay Bradbury ungomunye wababhali besayensi abahamba phambili, umnikazi wemiklomelo eminingana ebhala, kubandakanya nohlobo lwenganekwane. Kodwa-ke, uBradbury akazange azibone engumbhali wezinganekwane zesayensi.
URay Douglas Bradbury wazalwa ngo-Agasti 22, 1920 e-UKYGAN (Illinois, USA). Ubaba wabalobizayo, uLeonard Spords Bradbury (1891-1957) - Ukusuka emndenini waseBrithani, kusuka phakathi kwabahlali bokuqala eNyakatho Melika. Sasuka eNgilandi ngo-1630. Ku-autobiography kukhona inganekwane yomndeni: Ugogo omkhulu uRei Mary Bradbury ngu "Salem Witch", walengiswa ngemuva kwecala lika-1692. Umama Reia - UMarie Esteri Mobrg (1888-1966), Swede.
Ngaphezu kukaRay, umndeni wakhula enye indodana, uLeonard. Abanye ababili (Sam Sam kanye nodadewethu u-Elizabeth) bafa ebuntwaneni. Umfana waqale wahlangana nokufa kwabathandekayo, okwashiya umkhondo kwamanye ama-Imali Ebhaliwe ngokuzayo.
Emndenini weBradbury wayethanda ubuciko. Ukunakwa kukhokhelwe kwi-cinema evelayo.
Ngesikhathi "sokudangala okukhulu" edolobheni elincane, uBaba akakwazanga ukuthola umsebenzi. Ngo-1934, umndeni kaBradbury wathuthela eLos Angeles, waxazulula endlini kaMalume. Waphila kanzima. Ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu, le nsizwa yasebenza njengomthengisi wephephandaba. Kwakungekho mali ngokuqhubeka kwezifundo zakhe. Imfundo ephakeme ray ayitholanga. Ngokusho kombhali, wangena esikhundleni sasemtapo wezincwadi ekolishi. Kathathu ngesonto, le nsizwa yahamba ngemuva kwezincwadi egumbini lokufunda. Ngasikhathi sinye, ngo-12, umfana waba nesifiso sokuziqamba. Ukuthenga le ncwadi ngo-E. Berrowza "Iqhawe Elikhulu LaseMars" Kwakungekho mali, futhi umbhali osemusha weza nokuqhubeka kwendaba ngokwayo. Lesi yisinyathelo sokuqala sesayensi yeBradbury.
Ukudala
Umfana wanquma ukuba ngumlobi. Ekugcineni, lesi sifiso sakhiwa ngemuva kokuthweswa iziqu. Isinyathelo sokuqala sobuciko siyincwadi yenkondlo yephephandaba lendawo "inkumbulo yeVilla Rogers" ngo-1936. URay wabhala izindaba ezincane, ukulingisa isitayela sika-Edgar. UHenry Cattler, umbhali we-American Science Fiction wagxekwa futhi umeluleki wombhali osemncane.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-17, uBradbury waba yilungu lomphakathi waseMelika wababhali abasebasha - iLos Angeles "yesayensi yesayensi yamashumi amane namashumi amane. Izindaba zaqala ukuphuma ngamaqoqo angashibhile ezinganeka. Isitayela sezincwadi sikhonjwe ezenzeka emisebenzini yeBradbury. Kusukela ngo-1939 kwaphela iminyaka emibili, kukhishwe amagumbi ama-4 ama-futuria fantasy magazine. Ngo-1942, umbhali washintshela ngokuphelele izincwadi. Ngalesi sikhathi, wabhala izindaba ezingamashumi amahlanu ngonyaka.
Naphezu kwemali engenayo encane, uBradbury akazange ashiye ubuhlakani. Ngo-1947, ukukhanya kwabona iqoqo lokuqala lendaba yombhali "emnyama Carnival". Iqoqo lifaka phakathi umsebenzi wesikhathi se-1943-1947. Ngokokuqala ngqa, kwavela izinhlamvu: uMalume anar (prototype - u-Los Angeles Malume) kanye "Stranger" kaCesi. Iqoqo lipholile ngumphakathi.
Ehlobo lika-1949, uRay Bradbury ufike ngebhasi waya eNew York. Ixazululwe ehostela lenhlangano yaseMelika yamaKristu. Izindaba eziphakanyisiwe zabashicileli abayi-12, kepha akekho owaba nesithakazelo. Ngenhlanhla, uDon Condon, i-ejenti yemibhalo ye-bradbury, eshicilelwe i-DublLY. Umshicileli ngaleso sikhathi wawulungiselela ukuqoqwa kwenganekwane yesayensi. UBradbury wayenesithakazelo kumshicileli uWalter Bradbury (umndeni ongayedwa). UWalter wavuma ukushicilela i-bradbury, inqobo nje uma izindaba zihlanganiswa nenoveli.
Ubusuku, uRay uchaze ukubuyekezwa okuphelele kwenoveli yesikhathi esizayo ngendlela ye-eseyi futhi wawunikeza nomshicileli - kwakuyiketanga elivela emisebenzini yakuqala mayelana neMars, eliqoqwe emsebenzini owodwa. Emicimbini ye-Martian, uBradbury wayengavikelekile phakathi kokuthuthukiswa kwamaqhawe enoveli ye-Mars kanye nokufika kwamakoloni entshonalanga. Iveli laseRoma labonisa amaphutha nokungapheleli kobuntu. Incwadi yaphenduka umbono wesayensi yesayensi. UBradbury uthathe iziKronike zeMartian nomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu.
Ukuqashelwa komhlaba kweRay Bradbury kutholwe ngokuphuma ngo-1953 inoveli "451 degrees Fahrenheit". Inoveli yayisekelwe ezindabeni ezimbili: "Izicishamlilo" (azishicilelwe) kanye ne- "Pedestrian". Ukushicilelwa kwe-Debut kuphume ezingxenyeni ezisemagazini elithi "Playboy", owaqala ukuthandwa.
E-Epigraph, izincwadi zithi ama-451 degrees Fahrenheit - izinga lokushisa lokuphambuna kwamaphepha. Isakhiwo samaRoma silandisa ngomphakathi ongumthengi. Umlobi wakhombisa umphakathi obeka ukutholwa kwezinto ezibonakalayo esahlukweni. Izincwadi, ukuphoqa umfundi ukuthi acabange, kufanele ashiswe kanye nezindlu zabanikazi bezincwadi ezinqatshelwe. Iqhawe eliyinhloko lomfo womlilo wenoveli uMnumzane Montag, obambe iqhaza ekuvuleni kwezincwadi, ukholelwa ukuthi kwenza into efanele. UGuy uhlangana nentombazane eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala Clariassa. Ukwaneka kuphenduka ukubuka konke kwensizwa.
I-Roman iye yahlolwa. Indlu yokushicilela "izincwadi ze-ballantine" ezikoleni zamabanga aphezulu zaziphinde zihlelwe kabusha futhi zikhishwe izingcezu ezingama-70 kwinoveli. Ngo-1980, umlobi wafuna ukwenza inoveli ngaphandle kwezifinyezo.
E-USSR, inoveli, naphezu kwezindlela ezingezinhle ezincwadini ezingokwezemibono, zadedelwa ngo-1956. Ifilimu elithi "451 degrees Fahrenherheit" ngo-1966 lasuswa ngumqondisi ovela eFrance Francois Treiffo. Ngo-1984, kwadedelwa i- "Salamandra Sagign" ngenxa yale ncwadi.
Ngo-1957, wayeyingxenye yencwadi yezinto eziphilayo "iwayini kusuka kuma-dandelions". Le ndaba Bradbury ayifani nomsebenzi wonke. Kuyo, okuhlangenwe nakho kwezingane kombhali kuyathinteka. Lesi sakhiwo sisho ngokufika kwehlobo kwabafowethu abangama-1928 uTom noDouglas Spord, ehlala edolobhaneni laseGreen Town. I-RAY iyi-prototype ye-Douglas eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala.
UBradbury wayefuna ukudala umsebenzi ovumbene ngokwengeziwe. Umshicileli uWalter Bradbury ugcizelele le ndaba ezingxenyeni ezimbili. Ingxenye yesibili, ebizwa ngokuthi ngumlobi elithi "Ihlobo, Ukuvalelisa!", Ngabona ukukhanya okuyisigamu kuphela kwekhulu leminyaka, ngo-2006.
Enye inoveli, ixhuma uRay Bradbury ngobuntwana, "othulini lwamahlubuki." Le yindaba emndenini oyisimanga ka-Elliot, lapho izidalwa ezinhle ezimangalisayo zihlala endlini. Inoveli ifaka phakathi izindaba "Umhlangano womndeni", "Ephreli Ubuthakathi", "Umalume uInar" nabanye. Ukubhala izindaba ezifakwe kwinoveli, izinkumbulo ezikhanyayo ezisukela ebuntwaneni ezivela ebuntwaneni zinikele. Njengoba umfana oneminyaka eyishumi, kanye nomfowabo eHeleen, weza eTete yaseNeuwe. Kuqoqwe ummbila iziqu kanye nethanga. U-anti wagqoka umthakathi womfana futhi wacasha ngaphansi kwezitebhisi endlini kagogo wokwesabisa ebumnyameni bezivakashi. Amaholide adlula emnandi ngesivunguvungu. Umbhali ubiza izinkumbulo ezibiza kakhulu zalowo moya.
Iqoqo elithi "Umuthi waseMelancholy" ukhishwe ngo-1960. Ishicilela izindaba zango-1948-1959. Izindaba: "Usuku lweMeadow" (1957), "udrako" (1955), "I-Ablocy Ice Cream Cream (1958)," ubusuku bokuqala beposi enkulu "(1956)," Isikhathi sokuhamba "(1956), "I-Raintime" (1959) nabanye. Iqoqo linikelwe kwi-Psychology, uhlobo lwemvelo yomuntu.
Umlobi wagxeka umphakathi wanamuhla impilo yakhe yonke, uyicabangela uMthengi. UBradbury wayekholelwa ukuthi emhlabeni akukho ukunakwa ngokwanele kwesayensi, ukuthuthukiswa komkhakha wesikhala. Abantu bayeka ukuphupha ngezinkanyezi, banentshisekelo kuphela kokuqukethwe. UBradbury usebenzela ubuntu ukumisa isimo sengqondo esingenamzimba ngekusasa. Isibonelo esicacile yi- "Smile" indaba, isenzo esenzeka esikhathini esizayo esiseduze. Abantu bagxeki, bashisa zonke izincwadi. Ezokuzijabulisa eziphambili ukucekelwa phansi komphakathi kwezinto ezisindile zobuciko. Esigcawini kungukushintsha kwalabo abafuna ukukhafulela esithombeni "Mona Lisa".
Indaba ephinde yaphrintiwe kakhulu yeBradbury - "Nekuduma". Indaba yesayensi yesayensi esekelwe ku "Chaos Theory", okuvame ukubizwa ngokuthi "umphumela wevemvane". Lokhu kungumsebenzi mayelana nokulingana kwemvelo kwePhilic Emhlabeni. Indaba yendaba ilele enhliziyweni yamafilimu nemibukiso ye-TV "nezulu", "umphumela uvemvane", "eminyakeni eyi-100 eyedlule".
Ubuciko bombhali buxhumeke ngokungalingani ne-cinema nenkundla yemidlalo yeshashalazi. UBradbury wabhala izimo, ezaziwa kakhulu yizo "i-moby dick". Umbhali nochungechunge oluholayo lwemibukiso yethelevishini evela "kumjikelezo weshashalazi wakwaRay Bradbury" umjikelezo, owakhishwa kusuka ngo-1985 kuya ku-1992.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukusekelwa okubaluleke kakhulu kumfazi wombhali we-novice. Umthengisi wesitolo sezincwadi sikaMargaret Muculire waba ngunkosikazi kaRay Bradbury ngoSepthemba 27, 1947. Ukungapheli kwezindaba ekuqaleni akuzange kulethe imali enkulu, ngakho ekuqaleni kwempilo yomndeni, i-minider eyinhloko ingumfazi.
Umshado wawujabule futhi wahlala ekufeni kukaMaggie, njengomlobi uLaskovo wabiza umfazi wakhe othandekayo, ngo-2003. Kwakunguye umbhali onikezelwe kwinoveli ethi "IziKronike Martian", ebhala: "Umkami uMargaret ngothando oluqotho."
URay Bradbury noshade naye babenabantwana ezine - indodakazi uBettin, uRamon, uSusan no-Alexander.
Ukushona
URay Bradbury waphila iminyaka engama-91. Impilo yayicebile ekubumbeni okungabaza. Njalo ekuseni, esegugile, umlobi waqala edeskini. Wayekholelwa ukuthi ubuqambi bandisa impilo yakhe. I-bibliography of the umlobi yagcwaliswa ngaphambi kokufa. Inoveli yokugcina yakhishwa ngo-2006.
UBradbury wayenomuzwa omangalisayo wokuhlekisa. Ngandlela thile embuzweni mayelana nobudala be-bradbury baphendula:
"Cabanga nje ngamaphephandaba emhlabeni jikelele -" UBradbury waphenduka iminyaka eyikhulu! Ngizonginika ngokushesha uhlobo oluthile lwemiklomelo: iqiniso nje lokuthi angifanga. "Eminyakeni engu-79, umlobi wawunonhlangothi. Wachitha impilo yakhe yonke esihlalweni sabakhubazekile. UBradbury washona ngoJuni 5, 2012 eLos Angeles. Indlu yomndeni womlobi yadilizwa ngo-2015.
Ukuhlolwa kokuqamba kanye nemiklomelo
URay Bradbury uthole i-premium emkhakheni we- "Hlanganisa" ne- "Benjamin Franklin". Unikeze umklomelo we-American Academy, oqokwe "eHholo Lobukhazikhazi" Umklomelo wePromey (1984). Encwadini yesayensi, indondo kazwelonke emkhakheni wezobuciko (2004) kanye nesihloko esithi "Grand Master". URay Bradbury - Laureate wePulitzer Prize (2007) kanye ne-Bram Stoker Premium ekuphakanyisweni "kukho konke impilo."
Igama likaRay Bradbury yi-asteroid. I-NASA Space Lab yanquma ukunikeza igama lomlobi wokuqala, owethule ubukhona bokuphila kuMars ukutshala ilukuluku le-msl egunjini elibomvu. "I-International Astronomery Union" Okthoba 15, 2015 ivume igama elithi "Bradbury" crater on Mars.
EHollywood "alley of inkazimulo" kunenkanyezi kaRay Bradbury.
Izincwadi
- "IziKronike zeMartian"
- "451 degrees Fahrenheit"
- "Iwayini Elivela Ku-Dandelions"
- "Inkinga iyeza"
- "Ukufa kuyinto enesizungu"
- "Amathuna Okuhlanya"
- "Amathunzi aluhlaza, white whale"
- "Kwenye indawo kudlala i-orchestra"
- "Leviafan-99"