Umlando Wemilingiswa
UTom Sawyer ungumnikazi wokuhlubuka, i-adgen kanye ne-adventur enhle, yahlala ezincwadini ezine zomlobi uMark Twain. Intatheli yangaphambili yadlula ngendlela yokuhlushwa kwe-Creative ngaphambi kokuthola ifomu elifunekayo lomsebenzi futhi empeleni, iqhawe, elimiselwe ukuba lithandwa ngabafundi abasebasha. I-Conseful Adventures yadala idumela lomlobi ku-Hordist enkulu kanye ne-Master offly. I-fantasy engavikelekile, imithwalo kanye nezenzo ezingezinhle - impilo yomfana evela edolobheni laseSt. Petersburg izolimaza ingane.Umlando wendalo
UMark Twain wanikeza izingane amanoveli amane lapho izehlakalo ezijabulisayo ezenzeka khona: "Ukufika kukaTom Sawyer", "Ukufika kukaGeclberry Finn", "UTom Sawyer phesheya" kanye nomseshi "uTom Sawyer umsushisi." Omunye umkhiqizo obizwa nge- "Conspiracy of Tom Sawyer" Umbhali akazange abe nesikhathi sokuqeda.
Incwadi yokuqala yazalwa ngobunzima: UTwain wamqaqeka ngo-1872, futhi waqeda kuphela ehlobo lika-1875. Iqiniso elinelukuluku lingumsebenzi wombhali okokuqala ngqa e-Creative Biography yakhe ebhalwe kumshini wokubhala. Inoveli ye-autobiographical isuselwa ebuntwaneni bomlobi, lapho isemhlabeni we-serene, egcwele amaphupho ngokuphela kokuphela kanye nokufezekisa, ukunakekelwa kwempilo yabantu abadala akuzange kwephulwe. UMark Twain wavuma ukuthi, kanye namaqhawe eRomanov, abe ngumfana, afuna ukuthola umcebo, akha i-raft, axazulule esiqhingini esingavinjelwe.
Igama lomlingiswa ngumlobi oboleke kusuka kuThomas Sawyer ojwayelekile, isiphetho esilethwa naye eCalifornia. Kodwa-ke, ama-prototypes asebenza njengezabafana abathathu abavela ebuntwaneni obusekude, okhuluma ngoThawawabo. Kungakho-ke i-protagonist yaphenduka isimilo esinjengomlingiswa.
Ngabhala iprose hhayi kangako ezinganeni ngenxa yabazali babo, ngizama ukudlulisa kumama nobaba abathi izingane ezingebona uphahla olwanele phezu kwekhanda nezingubo zakhe. Udinga ukuzama ukuqonda izwe lomlingo lengane, hhayi ukuhlola izenzo zalo kuphela kuphela - umbono wokuthi "omkhulu" ungemuva kwesenzo ngasinye. Futhi empeleni, ulimi olulula, inani elikhulu le-curiosities kanye nokuhlekisa okuhlekisayo kwenza amanoveli anenkolo enhle kakhulu yabantu abadala.
Izinsuku zokubhala izincwadi ezalandela - 1884, 1894 no-1896. Amanoveli azamile ukuhumusha okungenani abalobi abayishumi nambili, kepha ukuhunyushwa kweKorni Chukovsky kwaqashelwa njengomsebenzi omuhle kakhulu. Umlobi waveza umsebenzi wezingane zaseSoviet ngo-1929.
I-Biography nesakhiwo
UTom Sawyer uhlala edolobheni elincane laseSt. Izinsuku zindiza ezikoleni esikoleni, ekulweni nasemidlalo emgwaqweni, futhi uTom uhola ubungani nomuntu wegesi futhi uthandana nobuhle - ontanga beBecky. Ngokuvamile, konke kufana nentsha ejwayelekile.
Okumnandi okumangalisayo ngohlobo lwenkinga ngayinye ukuphenduka kumcimbi onenzuzo. Ngakho-ke, ukungajabuli kocingo lapho umfana eyala umalume ngohlobo lokujeziswa luba yibhizinisi elinenzuzo. UTom onobumnandi obunjalo kanye nenjabulo usebenza ngebhulashi othanda ukuzama njemba. Kulokhu, u-sawyer wabopha "isimo" sonke, eseqede i-piggy Bank of Higgy Bank of Higs His Gelele ngamabhola ezingilazi, ikati ngalinye elinomuntu kanye ne-rat efile.
Ngolunye usuku, umlingiswa ophambili wamaRoma wahlangana noFinna Street, kanti impikiswano iqubuke phakathi kwabafana engqikithini yokusebenza kwe-warts. UGeclberry utshele indlela entsha lapho ikati elifile nomkhankaso ebusuku emathuneni. Ukusuka kuleli phuzu kuqhubeke, advenisa ethokozisayo yabangani aqala.
Abafana baba ngoFakazi kuleli mbungu emathuneni, banquma ukuba yipirates, enkampanini enomlingani wesikole uJoe elwa nemikhumbi futhi ahambe ayoya esiqhingini esiseduze. Kubangani bakwazile bakwazile ukuthola isifuba ngegolide baphendukela kubafana abacebe kakhulu edolobheni.
Ukufika kwabangane kuyaqhubeka encwadini elandelayo, lapho i-Geclberry Finn ivela khona. UTom usiza umngani ukuthi asindise inceku kaJim, eshaya wonke umfutho. Futhi enoveli yesithathu kuza futhi nakancane kubhaluni - uchungechunge lwezivivinyo lubalinde ohambweni eMelika, phezu koshukela nolwandlekazi.
Esikhathini esizayo, kwayikuvakashela i-Arkansas lapho, khona, futhi, umfana wahlanganyela ophenyweni lokubulawa nokwebiwa kwamadayimane.
-Vikayo
Imisebenzi kaMark Twain yayizikhathi eziningana emsebenzini kubaqondisi abadumile. Ngokokuqala ngqa, ukufika kwentsha funda kuthuthelwe ifilimu uWilliam Taylor ngo-1917. Kodwa-ke, isithombe asiphumelelanga. Kepha ifilimu elandelayo, yadutshulwa uJohn CRELLL NGO-1930, yakhipha abaholi bokuqasha. Eminyakeni engu-40 kamuva, amaMelika aphindaphindwayo - isithombe somphathi womqondisi uDon Taylor saphakanyiswa kathathu ku-Oscar futhi kabili ngeGolide Globe. Iqhaza eliphambili lalisuka kuJohnny Witakera.
AmaFulentshi anqume ukusondela ekuhambeni komfana waseMelika ngesilinganiso, okuwukuchungechunge olukhanyayo oluthi "adventures kaTom sawyer" (1968), noma kunjalo, ngefomethi encane. Ngevolumu engenakuphikwa, amademoni e-roland aguquliwe.
Ezweni laseSovitzov, ama-Roman Mark Tweed Conceed decoders azange anake. Ngokusho kwe- "Adventures kaTom Sawyer", itheyiphu emnyama nemhlophe yadalwa uLazar Frenkel noGleb Zatvnitsky ngo-1936. Kodwa-ke, ifilimu kaStanislav Govorukhin "Ukufika kukaTom Sawyer noGeclberry Finn", okuvele kwi-Soviet ifilimu ngo-1981, bawine udumo olukhulu. Isithombe sikaTom sizame ku-Fedor Fedor, futhi umngani wakhe uGeclberry ungusaziwayo wesikhathi esizayo uVladislav Galkin, oyindilinga naye.
UGovorukhin uqoqwe kusethi yabalingisi ngegama. Izinhlamvu zencwadi yaseMelika zidlale i-Ekaterina Vasilyeva (Aunt Poly Sawyer), Rolan Bykov (Meff potter). Indima kaTom - Bakki - Wenze indodakazi ka-Andrei Mironovamaria Mironova. Iqembu lefilimu lalikhanyisa: I-geography yokudalwa kwamafilimu yayihlanganisa i-Ukraine, iCaucasus, abkhazia, nangesimo soMfula iMississip, uDnipro kwavela.
Ukufundwa okusha kwezincwadi zezincwadi zikaTwain ezethulwe enkantolo yezilaleli uHermin Hungert. Ku- "Tome Sier" (2011), uLouis Hofman (Tom) noLeon Sid (Geclberry) babelwa izindima.
Umkhiqizi uBoris Shenfelder ukhulume engxoxweni:
"Umqondo wokususa ifilimu nge-sawyer weza kimi ngemuva kokubuka" izandla kude neMississippi "kanye nezikulufo ezinobuhlakani". Ukucabanga ngale midwebo emibili, nganquma ukususa ifilimu elinjalo ezinganeni nakubantu abadala abasebancane, okungeke bazithobe ngokungaboni kwezingane ezithandwayo futhi zizophuma esikhathini sethu. "Umcabango waphenduka ngempumelelo.
Uhlobo lokugcina lwesikrini sophawu lwemibhalo ebhalwe phansi ngo-2014. Ifilimu "uTom Sawyer noGeclberry Finn" ngokukhiqizwa okuhlangene kweJalimane ne-United States babeka uJoe Kasstner. Umfana ongenakuphumula umfana wadlala uJoel Courtney.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Ngaphansi kwegama elithi St. Petersburg lifihla izwe lakubo i-Hannibal, lapho kwazalwa khona uMark Twain futhi akhula. Imvelo kaTom Sawyer inama-prototypes wangempela. Isibonelo, umalume uPolly "Sruit" ovela kumama womlobi, futhi becky - esuka entombazaneni yomakhelwane uLaura Hawkins.
- Ishashalazi Yezingane Yomculo Wezibungu Ezincane ngo-2005 wabeka umculo we- "Tawyer" ovuthiwe ". Umculo namazwi ezingoma zokusebenza abhale umqambi uVictor Semenov, ikakhulukazi izilaleli ezifana nokwakheka kwe- "Star River".
- Indlu enezitezi ezimbili zomndeni we-hawkins isahlobisa umgwaqo wedolobhana lombhali. Iziphathimandla zeHannibal zizolungisa isakhiwo futhi zivule i-Becky Tatcher Museum. Eduze, ngokusho kwabalandeli be-Design Twain, kubiza "ukuthi" uthango, okwakufanele ngibe lubumbeke, nakwikota ephuma emgwaqweni, lapho izingane zikhuphuka khona, lapho izingane zichazwe kunono zenzeka khona. Imihume, lapho ngolunye usuku elahlekile nge-PASETS, iyatholakala naseduze kwendawo yokuhlala.
- I-Ebonisa izincwadi uMark Twain wasusa abaculi abahlukene, kepha umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu uthathwa njengezithombe zikaRobert Ingpen.
Amacaphuna
"Kwenzeka kaningi ukuthi incane izaba zanoma yikuphi ukwenqatshwa, kube nzima ukuwasusa." "Akukubi kwesiwula kunesiwula esidala. Akusizi ngalutho okuthi: "Inja endala ngeke ifunde ukugxila okusha." "- Wenzani ngesabelo sakho, uTom?- Ngizothenga isigubhu, i-sabery ngokweqile, uthayi obomvu, umdlwane we-bulldog futhi ushade.
- Ngabe uzoshada?
- Well. Yebo.
- UTom, wena ... awukho emqondweni wakho! "" Kunzima kuphela ukuthi kunzima ukuthola ngokwanele. "" Into esemqoka ukukholwa. Uma ukholwa, konke nakanjani kuzolunga - okungcono kakhulu kunokuba ungahlela "." Udumo, kepha injabulo yangempela yemfihlakalo isengcono. "NgeNkathi Ephakathi, Umehluko phakathi kwendoda ne-sictust wahlanganisa ukuthi isikhonyane sasingesilo isiwula. "" Amantombazane anakho konke ongakufunda kumuntu - awanele. "