I-Biograge
I-Alexey Arkiavich Leonov - Test Test, Cosmonaut, Artist, Okokuqala Komhlaba, eshicilelwe endaweni evulekile, eLaureate yamaphrimiyamu amaningi nemiklomelo.Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Alexey Leonov wazalwa ngoMeyi 30, 1934 edolobhaneni laseLatvyanka. Lapha ukuze ubambe iqhaza ezenzakalweni ka-1905, umkhulu wakhe wadluliselwa kumkhulu wakhe, ngemuva nje kwalokho, abazali be-Astronaut yesikhathi esizayo bathuthelwa eSiberia, ngaphambi kwalabo abahlala eDonbas. Ubaba ka-Aleksey, i-archport ka-Aleksevich, kwadingeka aguqule umsebenzi weShakhtar emakethe yabampofu, nonina, u-Evdokia Minaevna, wasebenza njengomfundisi.
Emndenini kaLeonov, kwakukhona izingane eziningi, u-Alexey - omncane kunabo bonke, ingane yesishiyagalolunye ilandelana. Injabulo yomndeni nokuphila kwephule ukucindezelwa kukaStalin. Ngo-1936, uLeonov Archka, owayengumuntu ohlonishwayo, onguSihlalo womkhandlu wedolobhana, oboshwe ngecala lamanga. Abafazi kanye nezingane zabaphathi bancishwa impahla futhi bakhishwe ngaphandle kwendlu, futhi izingane zavinjelwa ukuya esikoleni. Ngenhlanhla, uLeonov-umdala wakwazi ukusinda emakamu, kwathi ngo-1939 uYise womndeni omningi walungisiswa wabuyela ekhaya.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi u-Eddokia Minaevna, ngokulangazela, ukondla izingane kuphela, esephelelwe ngumsebenzi wathuthela ekhanda lakhe, wathuthela eKemerovo, endodakazini endala. Leyo kwakuyigumbi eBarrack, lapho kwakukhona umndeni omkhulu kaLeonovy wawungonyaka cishe unyaka nonyaka. Iminyaka embalwa yabuyisa uyise, futhi umndeni waqala ukukhuphuka ngezinyawo zakhe. Ekuqaleni babiwa amanye amakamelo amabili ebhodini elifanayo, kwathi ngo-1948 u-Aleksevich bathola indawo yokuqokwa endaweni entsha yokusebenza eKaliningrad, lapho uLeonov ethuthe khona.
Ngentando yentando yesikhathi, u-alyosha omncane waya esikoleni kuphela eneminyaka eyi-9, eKemerovo. Esikoleni samabanga aphansi, umfana waba nesifiso sokudweba. Isikole esiphakeme sikaLeona siqedile kakade eKaliningrad. Ngesikhathi sokutholwa kwesitifiketi ngo-1953, u-Alexey waqonda kahle idivaysi yezinjini zezindiza, indiza kanye nethiyori yendiza. Le nsizwa yathola lolu lwazi, ifunda izithasiselo zomfowethu omdala, owayekade efundwe ubuchwepheshe bezindiza.
Ngo-1953 waba yi-swivel kuma-biveographies kanye nekusasa le-cosmonaut yesikhathi esizayo: wangabaza ekukhetheni ubuchwepheshe phakathi kwezobuciko nezokundiza. Amadokhumenti afakwe ku-Alexey afaka i-Riga Academy of Arts, kepha, lapho esefundile ukuthi abafundi behostela banikezwe kuphela ngonyaka wesithathu wokufunda, bashiye unyaka wokuqala.
Cosmonautics
Ngemuva kokwehluleka nge-Academy of ACTS, uLeonov wafaka isikole sokuqala sezindiza eKremolchug, lapho kwakubanjwa khona i-Komsomolsky. Lapho usuqedile ukufunda ngo-1955, umshayeli wendiza osemusha waqhubeka nemfundo eSikoleni Esiphezulu seChuguevsky Avavsky, lapho athola khona umshayeli wendiza okhethekile. Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu ngo-1957 kuya ku-1959, u-Alexey Leonov wakhonza ogada abanogada beshumi eKremenug, kusukela ngo-1959 kuya ku-1960 - eJalimane, njengengxenye yamasosha aseSoviet.Ekwindla ka-1959, u-Alexey Archapovich wayenqunyelwe ukuguqula isiphetho futhi. Kungaleso sikhathi lapho ahlangana khona nenhloko yesikhungo ukuze aqeqeshelwe ama-cosmonauts (CPC), Colonel Karpov. EKhomishini Yokuqala Yokufanelekela eSokolniki Leonov, okokuqala ukuhlangana noYuri Gagarin, owayelandela naye ubungani obuqinile.
Ngo-1960, u-Alexei Leonov wabhaliswa eqenjini elikhethekile. Okulandelayo kulandelwa izifundo ze-CPC nokuqeqeshwa okungenakubalwa. Ngo-1964, ihhovisi lokuqamba ngaphansi kobuholi beNdlovukazi laqala ukwakhiwa kwe-spacecraft entsha, evumela ama-cosmonautste ukuba angene esikhaleni esingenazindiza. Lo mkhumbi wawungu "Sunrise-2".
Amaqembu amabili ayelungiselelwe indiza. Ekwakhiweni okukhulu, u-Alexey Lenov wafakwa ohlwini noPavel Belsaev, ama-cosmonautste eChrunov neGorbatko ayengamakilabhu abo emhlambi. Indiza yomlando kanye nesivuno sokuqala somuntu osesikhaleni kwenzeka ngoMashi 18, 1965.
Ngemuva kwendiza e-Leon "Sunrise-2" kwakuyiqembu lama-cosmonauts, alungiselelwe indiza futhi ahlanze enyangeni, kodwa ngenxa yalokho, uhlelo lwaluvaliwe. Isivuno esilandelayo seLeonov kuya ku-Organd Ortibit senzeke ngo-1975, lapho kukhiqizwa uthuli oludumile lomkhumbi weSoyuz-19 waseSoviet kanye ne-APOLLL "laseMelika.
Ngo-1982-1991, uLeonov wayeyisekela leNhloko yokuqala yenhloko ye-CPC, ngo-1992 wathatha umhlalaphansi.
Okokuqala COSMOOR
Ukuqala komkhumbi nge "Baikonur" kuphumelele bese indiza ibanjelwe kwimodi ejwayelekile. Yahlelwa ukuthi i- "East-2" kufanele yenze ukuguquguquka okuyishumi nesikhombisa emhlabeni wonke. Ngokujikisa kwesibili kukaLeonov kwakuwukungena esikhaleni esingenamoya ngesango elikhethekile. Ngakho-ke konke kwenzeka. IPhalamende Alexei, ukaputeni we-Pactive Pavel Belyaev, wasala futhi wabuka okwakwenzeka ngomdlalo we-TV.
U-Alexey Leonov uchithe imizuzu eyi-12 imizuzwana engu-9 endaweni evulekile. ICosmonaut ihlunga amakhamera amabili amile, enye ikhamera yayisezandleni zakhe. Kanye nokujabulele lokho akubona nokubaluleka kokuhlaselwa okuphelele, okuhlaselwa yi-Alexey Arkishovich nakho imizwa engemnandi.
Kulesihlakala, kwakushisa ngokuqinile, umjuluko wathela amehlo akhe, iTachycardia yaqala e-Astronaut, izinga lokushisa lavuka. Lapho ngibuyela emkhunjini, nami nginezinkinga. Ukusuka ekuhlaleni ku-vacuum, isikhala seLeonov savuvukala, futhi bekungenakwenzeka ukuncipha emgodini wegumbi lesango. Kwakufanele aqhume ingcindezi ukuze ama-suites afike evamile. Njengoba kunikezwe ukuthi izandla zakhe zibandakanyeka kwikhamera nentambo yokuphepha, kwakungelula.
Ekugcineni, iCosmonaut yashaya indawo yesango, kepha lapha lalilinde enye inkinga. Lapho kunqamula igumbi lesango, umkhumbi wawucindezelekile. Kungenzeka ukuxazulula le nkinga ngokuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo, ngenxa yalokho iqembu laqala ngejimu.
Ukubuthana ngamaphutha, izinkanyezi ezilungiselelwe ukwenza ukufika okuzenzakalelayo ngemodi ejwayelekile, kepha bekungekho lapho. Umkhumbi wawukuzokwehla kweshumi nesikhombisa nxazonke zomhlaba, kepha uhlelo lwehluleka. UPavel Belsaev kwadingeka ukuthi azilawule ngokuphuthumayo. Ukaputeni wahlangana ngemizuzwana engama-22, kepha lo mehluko wake wanele ukuba abasebenzi bezwe ngamakhilomitha angama-75 ukusuka endaweni ehleliwe. Kwenzeka ngo-200 km kusuka ku-perm, eTaiga, okunzima kakhulu ukusebenza izinjini zokucinga.
Amahora amane wokuhlala eqhweni, kumakhaza, osomkhathi bathola abatakuli. Amaqhawe asiza ukufika endlini eduzane ehlathini, wabe esesusa ipulatifomu yokutshala indiza enophephela emhlane, futhi kuphela ngemuva kwezinsuku ezimbili abasebenza empumalanga - 2 bezohanjiswa eMoscow.
Ngo-2017, ifilimu "yesikhathi sokuqala", esizinikezele ekuxhashazweni nasezinsuku zamasonto amaSoviet cosmonautics, ngeKonstantin Khabensky no-Evgeny Mironov, baphuma kwizikrini zezwe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
U-Alexey Arkiavich Leonov wahlangana nomfazi wesikhathi esizayo uSvetlana ngo-1957. Ezinsukwini ezintathu ngemuva kwako, bashada bengasenaso iqhaza. ULeonov wayenamadodakazi amabili.Indodakazi endala endabeni uVictoria (1961-1996) yafa ngenxa yesifo esibuhlungu esimeme. Owesifazane wasebenza eMnyangweni Omkhulu Wemikhumbi yasolwandle, wabuya ohambweni lwebhizinisi waya eMelika, ngokuzumayo wazizwa kabi. Abazali bathathe indodakazi yakhe kodokotela bedolobha elikhulu, kepha abakwazanga ukusiza. UVictoria ushonelwe yi-hepatitis enzima eyinkimbinkimbi yi-pneumonia.
Indodakazi ka-Alexei yaseNjgetini noSvetlana Leonovy Oksana yazalwa ngo-1967. Isebenza umhumushi, oshadile, ngenxa ye-Oksana, abazukulu ababili bazokhula ngendiza yeLeonov.
Ngaphezu kwezinkanyezi, u-Alexey Arkiavich waziwa nangokuthi umculi. Emsebenzini, wathola isikhathi sokuzilibazisa kwezingane. ILeonov ngumbhali wamakhulu amabili imidwebo nama-albhamu amahlanu ngokuzala kabusha. Phakathi komsebenzi wakhe wendawo kanye nomhlaba wezwe, imidwebo yabangane, iziza ezinhle. Umculi uLeonov wayewathanda ukusebenza ngamafutha, ama-watercolor kanye ne-distch gouache.
Futhi, iqhawe leSoviet Union lalikuthanda ukufunda, ukuhamba ngamabhayisekili, uthango, ukuzingela, ithenisi elikhulu, i-basketball, izithombe kanye nokuhlunga.
Kuze kube ngu-2000, uLeonov wabamba iHhovisi likaMongameli weSikhwama Sokutshala Imali E-Alpha, wabe eseba yiphini likamongameli webhange elinegama elifanayo. Eminyakeni yamuva nje, iCosmonaut yayihlala eduze kwaseMoscow, endlini yakhe yakhelwe.
Ukushona
Ngo-Okthoba 11, 2019, u-Alexey Leonov ushone eminyakeni engama-86 yokuphila. Iwashi lokugcina, i-cosmonaut enhle esetshenziswe esibhedlela. Umkhathazi. Izihlobo Leonov azikezisanga ngabezi zindaba nabahloniphayo imbangela yokufa kwakhe.
Ukufaneleleka
Alexey Arkiavich - Cavalier inqwaba inqwaba yemiklomelo yasekhaya neyezangaphandle, ama-oda, izindondo. ICosmonaut kwakuyisizwe esihlonishwayo samadolobha angama-30 emhlabeni, ilungu le-International Academy of Astronautics, i-Academian of the Russian Academy of Astronautics, Ungumuntu ozongenela ngokwesayensi yezobuchwepheshe.
ILeonov ngumbhali kanye nombhali ophathelene nocwaningo lwesayensi kanye nokuhlolwa. Okubaluleke kakhulu kubo kubhekwa njengemisebenzi elandelayo:
- Ukuthuthukiswa kwe-hydrondlability kanye nokwakhiwa kwesikhala somsebenzi wokusebenza ku-hydrosphere (1966);
- ukutadisha kwezimpawu zokukhanya nezimibala zombono ngemuva kokundiza esikhaleni (1967);
- Ithonya lezici zendiza zesikhala ngobukhali bomshayeli we- "Buran" oyinkimbinkimbi (1980).
I-Bibliography
Ekulandiseni kwezincwadi ze-Alexey Leonov nezincwadi zesayensi, kufaka phakathi:
- "I-Pedestrian Cosmos" (1967);
- "Umoya welanga" (1969);
- "Ngiphumile ngiye esikhaleni esivulekile" (1970);
- "Izici zokuqeqeshwa kwengqondo kwama-astronauts" (1967).