Umlando Wemilingiswa
NgoRoma Roman Rosion Raskolnikov oqhoshayo, owazihleza ngo- "WEATE VERTEX", izingane zesikole zijwayelana nebanga le-10. Umlando wokubulawa kwesisebenzi esidala, owenzeke eSt. Petersburg maphakathi nama-60s wekhulu le-XIX, akashiyi muntu ongenandaba. UFyodor Dostoevsky wethule izincwadi zomhlaba zommeleli okhanya kakhulu womuntu lapho "uDeveli alwele khona uNkulunkulu."Umlando wendalo
Umsebenzi wakhe odume kakhulu ohlonishwayo kuwo wonke amagumbi omhlaba, uFedor Mikhailovich wakhulelwa eKatorga, lapho athanda khona ukubamba iqhaza embuthanweni wePetrashevsky. Ngo-1859, umlobi wenoveli enethani wabhala umzalwane kusuka kusixhumanisi se-tver:
"NgoDisemba ngizoqala inoveli. (...) Ngikutshele ngesono elilodwa - nonoveli owafuna ukubhala ngemuva kwakho konke, ethi ngisadinga ukusinda. Inhliziyo yami ngegazi izoncika kule noveli. Ngamkhulisa, ngilele emahhashini, ngesikhathi esinzima sokudabuka nokuzilibazisa. "Isipiliyoni se-Odelior Empandeni sashintsha izinkolelo zeBeliefer. Lapha wahlangana nobuntu obunqoba amandla e-dostoevsky oMoya, - lokhu okuhlangenwe nakho okungokomoya futhi kwadingeka alale isisekelo senoveli entsha. Kodwa-ke, ukuzalwa kwakhe kwahlehliselwa iminyaka eyisithupha, kwathi kuhlangatshezwane kuphela nokuntuleka kwemali okuphelele, "umzali" wathatha ipeni.
Isithombe somlingiswa okhiye siphakamise impilo uqobo. Ekuqaleni kuka-1865, amaphephandaba adutshulwa yizindaba ezesabekayo ezithi umSulumane osemusha ogama lakhe linguGerasim Chistov wabulala imbaza yokwethulwa kanye nompheki owayephetha umphathi owodwa. Izinto zegolide nezesiliva zanyamalala esifubeni sabesifazane, kanye nayo yonke imali.
Uhlu lwama-prototypes lwenezele umbulali waseFrance. I-Pierrans-Francois Lazener DOstoevsky ebolekwe "imibono ephakeme" yobugebengu obungaphansi. Le ndoda ayibonanga lutho olusolwa ngokubulawa kwakhe, futhi ngaphezu kwalokho, lalibalungiselele, lizibiza ngokuthi "isisulu somphakathi."
Futhi induku enkulu yenoveli yavela ngemuva kokukhululwa kwencwadi kaNapoleon Bonaparte "Impilo Julia Cesar", lapho uMbusi uveza umbono wokuthi amandla aleli zwe, ngokungafani ne "Grey Mass. Ilungelo lokuthela izindinganiso zokuziphatha futhi lize libulale uma likubheka lokhu kuyadingeka. Ukuthi lapho umbono we-raskolnikova weza khona "Superman".
Ekuqaleni, "ubugebengu kanye nesijeziso" kucatshangelwe ngesimo sokuvuma komlingiswa ophambili, kungadluli umthamo wamashidi amahlanu noma ayisithupha aphrintiwe. Uhlobo lokuqala lomlobi walukhuni walushiswe ngomusa futhi waqala ukusebenza ngenguqulo enwetshiwe, isahluko sokuqala savela ngoJanuwari 1866 kumagazini wezaziso yaseRussia. Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-12, i-dostoevsky yabeka iphuzu emsebenzini olandelayo ohlanganisa izingxenye eziyisithupha ne-epilogha.
I-Biography nesakhiwo
Impilo yeSkolnikov ayinakuchazwa, njengakubo bonke abantu abasha emindenini ehlwempu yekhulu le-XIX. URodion Romanovich wafunda emgqeni e-University of St. Petersburg, noma kunjalo, ngenxa yezidingo ezeqisayo bekufanele ngiyeke izifundo. Insizwa yayihlala ekhefini elisondele egumbini laseShenna Square. Lapho ebeke iphesenti endala ka-Alena Ivanovna into yokugcina ebalulekile - amawashi esiliva, futhi ngasikhathi sinye kusihlwa eKabaska ahlangana nomeluleki we-turmaladov. Utshele ngezinhlekelele ezimbi zomndeni: Ukuntuleka konkosikazi kwathumela indodakazi yakhe uSonya kuPhaneli.
Ngosuku olulandelayo, uRaskolnikov wafika incwadi evela kumama, lapho imindeni yakhe yayivele yahlelwa khona. Ukuletha imiphetho ngemikhawulo, udadewabo kaDunya uzoshada nomeluleki wokubala futhi osevele ekhulile we-Guentsilory of the Nunud. Ngamanye amagama, intombazane izothengiswa, futhi ngemali ebuyiselwe emuva eRiona izoba nethuba lokuqhubeka nokufunda eyunivesithi.
Umgomo ukumbulala futhi uphendule izinga lokuzalwa ngaphambi kokuhlola iMarmaladov naseNesta endlini, liqiniswe. Emphefumulweni, uRodion ubhekene nomzabalazo phakathi kokunyanyekayo kwesenzo segazi kanye nomqondo ophakeme wokusindiswa kunoma yikuphi ukumlalela amantombazane azophela iqhaza.
URaskolnikov wayesebulele isalukazi, futhi ngasikhathi sinye udadewabo omncane omncane uLizaven, eza ngesikhathi efulethini. Insizwa enhle egqokile ifihlwe emgodini ngaphansi kwesithombe sangemuva, ngaphandle kokuthola ukuthi ingakanani isicebi manje. Kamuva, imali ebhalwe kabusha ebhalwe kabusha kanye nezinto kwelinye lamagceke eSt.
Ngemuva kokubulawa kukaSkolnikov uthole okuhlangenwe nakho okungokomoya okujulile. Le nsizwa yayizominza, kepha yashintsha umqondo. Uzwa kwalasha okungenakunqotshwa phakathi kwakhe nakubantu, ewela emkhuhlane futhi acishe avuma lapho kubulawa isiteshi samaphoyisa.
Sihola ekwesabeni futhi ngasikhathi sinye nokomela ukuvezwa, uRodion Raskolnikov uvumile ekubulaweni kwe-Sona Marmaladova. Intombazane enozwela ayikwazi ukuncenga insizwa ukuba ifike emaphoyiseni nge-mantow, ngoba wayehlose ukuncintisana. " Kepha maduze nje angikwazanga ukuma, ukukhokhela ukubulawa okuphindwe kabili kweKatoroga eSiberia. USonya walandela i-raskolnikov, ehlala eduze kwendawo yesigwebo sakhe.
Isithombe nomqondo oyinhloko
UDostoevsky unikeza incazelo efanele yengaphandle le-raskolnikova: Le yinsizwa enhle enezici ezicashile zobuso kanye namehlo amnyama, akhula ngaphezulu kwesilinganiso, i-slim. Umbono wopha izingubo ezimpofu nokudelela okubi, okuthi bese kufanelana ebusweni beqhawe.
Umdwebo wengqondo we-rodion romanovich uyashintsha yonke le ndaba. Kuvela ubuntu bokuqala, obuziqhenyayo, kodwa ngokuwa komqondo we- "Superman" Ukuziqhenya kucindezelwe. Ekujuleni komphefumlo, lo ungumuntu onozwela futhi ozwela, wawuthanda ngokuzinikela umama wakhe nodadewabo, wake wasindisa izingane emlilweni, futhi imali yokugcina yanikezwa umngcwabo weMarmaladov. Umqondo wobudlova uwumfona kuye waze wadideka.
Iqhawe licabanga ngobuhlungu esihlokweni somqondo weNapoleonic ukuthi ubuntu buhlukaniswe izingxenye ezimbili - abantu abajwayelekile kanye nama-vertices. I-Skolnikova ikhathazeke imibuzo emibili - "Isidalwa engimnzima noma nginelungelo enginalo?" Futhi "kungenzeka yini ukuba wenze ububi obuncane ngenxa yokuhle kakhulu?", Ngaba yizisusa zecala lakhe.
Kodwa-ke, "umsolo we-Ideological" kungekudala uyabona ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukudlulisa imithetho yokuziphatha ngaphandle kwemiphumela, kuzofanela udlule endleleni yokuhlupheka ngokomoya futhi uphenduke. I-Skolnikova ingaba nengxenye nge-marginal, eyahlulekile ukuvikela izinkolelo zayo. Ukufundisa kwakhe nodlame lwakhe lwahlupheka, kwadonswa umbono wokuthi akuzange kume izivivinyo zangempela. Ekupheleni kwenoveli, isimilo somlingiswa ophambili siyashintsha: URodion uyabona ukuthi "ukudala okuthuthumela", indoda ejwayelekile enobuthakathaka kanye nemikhuba emibi, futhi ivula ukuphelela, kuya ekupheleleni kwempilo, ukuze kuphele amandla okuphila. Uthando, ukuthobeka kwenhliziyo kuphela kuholela kuNkulunkulu.
-Vikayo
Abalingiswa abaphambili benoveli "ubugebengu kanye nesijeziso" savela kumafilimu amaningi e-cinema yaseRussia neyakwamanye amazwe. Umsebenzi waphilwa ezweni lakubo-1910, kepha abathandi banamuhla bobuciko bakaDostoevsky balahlekelwa yithuba lokubona umsebenzi woMqondisi weVasily Goncharov - isithombe silahlekile. Eminyakeni emithathu kamuva, uRaskolnikov "obizwa ngokuthi" izilaleli kuma-cinema futhi, zifanekisela umdwebi we-pavel ornenev.
Kepha lawa kwakungamateyipu amancane. Kuvulwe umlando we-highmaster ekhazimulayo, ubeke phezulu kususelwa kunoveli enetha, ifilimu kaPierre Shenal noPierre Blanchard endimeni eholayo. AbaseFrance bakwazile ukudlulisa kahle isithombe se-raskolnikov kanye nosizi lomsebenzi waseRussia, umlingisi wanikezwa ngisho nenkomishi yeVolpi. Ngisemapanini amabili aphesheya "ubugebengu kanye nesijeziso", isiSlovak Peter Lorre noMkhankosi waseFrance uRobert Osene bahlungwa.
I-soviet cinema yaduma ngefilimu emibili yezinhlayiyana kaLev Kuljanov: UGeorgy Tarantki waya kulobu bugebengu, ePorfirya Petrovich), uTatiana Zavovich), uVladimir Bastov (Luzhin), evgeny Lebedev (marmaladov) nabanye abalingisi abadumile. Tarautkin Le ndima yaveza ukuthandwa - ngaphambi kwakhe, umlingisi osemusha wasebenza ngesizotha eLeningrad Thai futhi wakwazi ukudlala kanye kuphela. Lesi sithombe sivela kubo bonke abafake imikhiqizo esihlokweni semisebenzi kaFyodor Mikhailovich bamukelwa njengempumelelo kakhulu.
Ukuqala kwama-2000s kumakwe yi-boom ukudala amafilimu asuselwa kwimisebenzi yakudala. Abaqondisi abadlulanga nge-dostoevsky. "Ubugebengu Nokujeziswa" kuchungechunge lwesishiyagalombili luvikele i-Dmitry Svetosarov. Ephethini lika-2007, iqhaza likaRodion Rasklolnikova laya eVladimir Koshevoy, uSonto Marmadov wadlalwa nguPolina Filonenko, kanye namaPetrophrys Petrovich - Andrei Panin. I-cinema yabagxeki obamukelayo obamukelayo, ukuyibiza nge-adigious. Ikakhulu, udidekile ingoma, ehambisana nezimbani:
"Noma ngubani odala okuningi, kunjalo, ububi babo neNkosi."Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Umagazini "Isaziso saseRussia" ubophekile kuveli ngokuvela kukaDostoevsky ngokuthandwa. Ngemuva kokushicilelwa "kobugebengu kanye nesijeziso", uhlelo luthole ababhalisile abasha abangama-500 - inani elihlaba umxhwele ngaleso sikhathi.
- Emcabangweni wokuqala womlobi, inoveli yayilinde enye yokugcina. URaskolnikov bekufanele ngabe wazibulala, kepha uFyodor Mikhailovich wanquma ukuthi umphumela onjalo wawulula kakhulu.
- ESt. Petersburg e-UL. Umphakathi, no-19 - umbazi., 5 uyindlu, ebizwa ngokuthi yiRaskolnikov House. Kukholakala ukuthi iqhawe eliyinhloko lenoveli lalihlala kulo. E-Attic, njengoba kubhaliwe encwadini, kuholela ezitebhisini eziyi-13. UDostoevsky uchaza ngokuningiliziwe igceke, lapho umlingiswa wakhe ufihlwe khona ngokucashile. Ngokusho kokuqashelwa kwe-memoir yombhali, iCartyard futhi yangempela - uFyodor Mikhailovich wadonsela ukunaka kwale ndawo lapho esiza isidingo sokuhamba.
- UGeorge Tarautkina wavunywa yiqhaza lezithombe. Umlingisi walala ngokugula okunzima esibhedlela, ukuxilongwa kwenziwa ukudumazeka - ngokwezibikezelo zodokotela kuzofanela ukunqunywa imilenze. Esithombeni, uTarautkin wamphazalela umqondisi ngobuso obukeka buhlungu, kwavela umqhele onjalo. Lapho umlingisi osemusha ethola umyalezo ojabulisayo ngemvume yokuvunyelwa kwakhe, washeshe wema ngezinyawo zakhe ngokushesha. Ngakho-ke indima yasindiswa yi-LIMEB yendoda.
- Kumafilimu we-Kuljanov, isiqephu sokubhubhisa uSlock Skolnikov ngemuva kokubulawa kwecala kuhambisana nokungqongqoza isigqi esimnyama. Lo msindo uqoshwa ku-recorder rekhoda yokushaya kwenhliziyo george taratorkina.