I-Biograge
Ngaphakathi kweminyaka yo-1960, kwabanjwa impi ebandayo phakathi kwe-United States kanye neSoviet Union, okwakungumjaho wamandla amabili wobuqhawe hhayi kuphela emhlabeni, kodwa futhi nasesikhaleni samazwe womabili bachitha amandla okufunda umthala. UPavel Belyaev kanye nozakwethu u-Alexei Leonov waba yilabo abebengesabi ukungena ekungeneni okungaziwa kwendawo yonke, baba ama-cosmonautstones of the Soviet Union.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Hero of Soviet Union yazalwa ngoJuni 26 emndenini ompofu edolobhaneni laseChelischevo esifundeni saseVelisda. Abazali bakhe bangabantu abavamile: Ubaba u-Ivan wasebenza esibhedlela ngoFeldsher, futhi umama ka-Alagraphen wabandakanyeka ekhaya. U-Ivan Belyeev kwadingeka aguqule izindawo zokuhlala ngenxa yokusebenza, ekuqaleni, iqhawe lesikhathi esizayo liye esikoleni samabanga aphezulu eMikovo, bese kuba nomndeni wakhe eKamensk-Uralsky.
UPavel Ivanovich usevele uqinile kusukela ebuntwaneni, okuzoba ngumshayeli wendiza nakanjani, futhi iphupho lakhe lagcwaliseka. Ngemuva kokuthola iziqu esikoleni, le nsizwa yayo emsebenzini isitshalo se-SINary futhi yahlanganyela esitsheni.
Ngo-1941, iSoviet Union yangena empini enkulu yokuthanda izwe. Ngesikhathi salo mcimbi ongokomlando, uPawulu osemncane wayeneminyaka engu-16 ubudala, kodwa vele esekhulile, izici ezinesibindi zohlobo lwe-astronaut yesikhathi esizayo.
Ngiseyingane, uPawulu wayefuna ukuba wusizo ezweni lakubo futhi wanquma ukuya ngaphambili. Ekuqaleni, iBelleav yenqabile ukuhlanganyela empini ngenxa yempi yakhe, kepha ngemuva konyaka insizwa enqumayo iphinde ifundise isitatimende, esasidingidwa.
Ngo-1943, umphathi wesikhathi esizayo we-spacecraft uhambe ngokuzithandela empini ebomvu. UPavel Ivanovich waya esikoleni sezindiza, lapho azibonakalisa khona ngama-honor, ngemuva kwalokho ayesevele azibonakalise njengomfundi okhuthele esikoleni e-Yeisk, lapho afunda khona e-Sea Pilot.
Isibindi nesibindi, kanye nesibindi - lezi yizici ezimbalwa ezenziwa nguPavel Ivanovich, usengumfundi. Ngo-1945, lapho uBelsaevi wayeneminyaka engama-20 ubudala, wahlanganyela empini yaseSoviet-Japanese njengomshayeli wepilo, wanikezwa uphawu lokwehluka.
Cosmonautics
Ngaphezu kweqiniso lokuthi uPavel Belyaev waziwa njengomshayeli wezempi osezingeni eliphezulu, umkhuzi wesixhumanisi kanye nelungu le-CPSU, wayebuye abe yinkantolo evelele. Ngo-1956, iqhawe le-Soviet Union lingena e-Air Force Academy, futhi selivele ngo-1960 lifakwa eqenjini "le-Air Force Air Force", lapho kwaqala khona ukulungiswa kwezinkanyezi ezingamashumi amabili. Ukuqeqeshwa kwabafuduki esikhathini esizayo esikhaleni esivulekile kwakukhona okuphelele: abuza hhayi kuphela ulwazi lobuchwepheshe, kodwa futhi nokukhuthazela ngokomzimba.
Ngo-1961, ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, uPawulu uthola ukulimala okungathi sína ngemuva kokugxuma kusuka ku-parachute - ukuqhekeka konyawo, kususwe okwesikhashana ukuqeqeshwa.
Naphezu kwalokhu, uPawulu waqhubeka nokuya emgomweni wakhe, kwathi ngo-1965, kanye ne-marowatriot, u-Alexei Leonov, wakwenza ukuthi i-USSR yasizwa umholi emjahweni wezepolitiki.
Okokuqala COSMOOR
U-Alexey Leonov ungumuntu wokuqala owake wangena endaweni ye-galactic. Ngalesi simo, uPavel Belteaev waholelwa - bekuvela kuye ukuthi ingxenye yezobuchwepheshe yokuhlinzwa yayincike: Ukuqagela komkhumbi, ukuphepha, kanye nenhlangano yokuphuma kweCosmonaut. Kwenzekile entwasahlobo ye-65th kwi-spacecraft "Voskhod-2": Lokhu kusebenza kwakubalulekile eSoviet Union emjahweni weCosmic.
Ukundiza ungene emkhunjini "uVoskhod-2" wahambisana nezimo ezingejwayelekile, ngokwesibonelo, ukuhlinzekwa komoya-mpilo okuzenzakalelayo kwehlulekile, okwakuqhuma kakhulu. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yomoya oxygen, umlingani wakhe u-Alexei Leonov wazizwa kabi, kepha ukuvuza kwegesi kwakwazi ukuvimba ngesikhathi.
Konke okunye kwephula "ukuphuma kwelanga - 2": Imoto ilahlekelwe ngumevali wefosholo lasezulwini, ngakho-ke uPaul Ivanovich kwadingeka aphathe i-spacecraft ngesandla, okuyindlela, ngokwesimiso, kwaba nzima ukuwenza.
Ngokusemthethweni, uPavel Ivanovich, okokuqala ngqa emhlabeni, wasebenzisa ithuba lokulawulwa kwezandla kuphela, kodwa futhi nokufakwa kwe-brake. Ngenxa yokushonelwa kokuhlelwa kwe- "Sunrise-2" efike ngempumelelo e-taiga eneqhwa eqhweni, lapho uLeonov noBelyaev izinsuku ezimbili babelinde usizo lwabatakuli.
Ngo-2017, u-Evgeny Mironov noKonstantin Khabensky badlala indima yabalingiswa abaphambili. Le filimu isuselwa ezenzakalweni zangempela ezenzeka ngesikhathi sendiza yesikhala uLeonov noBelyaev ngonyaka we-1965. U-Alexey Arkiavich ngokwakhe wabamba iqhaza ekubhaleni umbhalo wefilimu.
Futhi entwasahlobo ka-2017, ukukhishwa kohlelo "kusihlwa" kusihlwa ", kunikezelwe kwi-premiere yefilimu, kanye nama-astronats amahle.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UPaul Belsaev wayenomndeni - unkosikazi kaTatiana Filippovna namadodakazi amabili: u-Irina noLyudmila. Umlingani kaPavla wasebenza njengoMqondisi weMnyuziyamu ogama lakhe ngemuva kwe-CPC, uYuri Gagarin, otholakala eThe Star Town. Kule mnyuziyamu ungajwayelana nezithombe zomuntu ze-astronaut, kanye ne-biography yakhe.Ukushona
Iqhawe le-USSR yafa ngoJanuwari 10, 1970, ngaleso sikhathi iBelsaev yayineminyaka engama-44.
Imbangela yokufa iyiPeritonitis, isifo esingenakuthingelaka sesisu sesisu. I-cosmonaut enhle ingcwatshwa emathuneni eNovodevichy eMoscow.