I-Biograge
UValentina Tereshkova nguwesifazane wokuqala esikhaleni. Kuze kube namuhla, kusele kuphela owesifazane emhlabeni owathumele endizeni yesikhala eyedwa, ngaphandle kwabasizi kanye nabalingani. Ubuye waba ngowesifazane wokuqala eRussia, wanikeza isihloko esikhulu. Kulesi sikhundla saseTereshkova futhi washiya phansi ngo-1997, eneminyaka engamashumi ayisithupha. UValentina Tereshkova waveza igama lakhe kuze kube phakade emlandweni weSoviet Union, eRussia kanye nomhlaba wonke.Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Biography yalona wesifazane iqala edolobhaneni laseBig Maslennikovo Yaroslavl esifundeni. Abazali bakaValentine baqala ukuvela kwabalimi baseBelarusian. Bashade ngengozi: umfana wayelukiwe entombazaneni u-Elena, kodwa intombazane yenqabile. Ngemuva kwalokho uLena wavuma ukuthi uzoshada umkhwenyana onjalo. UVladimir akazange acabange isikhathi eside - ngokushesha wamnika umshado okufanele uwudlale. Udadewabo wokuqala osemusha kaValentina Ludmila uvele kuqala emndenini osemusha.
U-Elena Tereshkova wasebenza ebhizinisini lezincwadi, kwathi uyise wayengumshayeli wegandaganda. Wabamba iqhaza ezimpini ngesikhathi seMpi yaseSoviet-Finnish futhi washona. Umfowabo omncane wamantombazane uVoltoyaya wazalwa ngemuva kokufa kukaYise. U-Elena Fedorovna akasashadi.
Ngiseyingane, uThereshkova wavakashela eYaroslavl School, wathola amamaki aphezulu, futhi wafunda nokudlala eDom (intombazane yaba nokuzwa okuhle komculo). Usuka kontanga, wahlukaniswa umlingisi onenkani nesibindi - wahlala phansi ngaphandle kokwesaba ehhashini, wagxumela ekhanda lakhe emfuleni. Ebuntwaneni, ngiphuphe ngibe nenjini yesitimela, kodwa umama akazange avumele ujantshi.
Njengoba usuqede imfundo eyisisekelo yesikole eneminyaka eyisikhombisa ubudala, wanquma ukusiza umama kokuqukethwe komndeni wahlala endaweni eposini esitshalweni sethayi laseYaroslavl. Lo msebenzi wawunzima ngokomzimba, kodwa wakhokhelwa kahle. Kodwa-ke, ukulahla intombazane eyeqisayo akuhlosile uku: amasonto okusebenza abasebenzi aphela ngamakilasi esiswini sakusihlwa.
Isigaba esilandelayo sempilo kaValentina Vladimirovna futhi asizange sibikezele lezo ziphakeme ukuthi kufanele zifezeke. Ngakho-ke, waphothula engekho esikoleni sezobuchwepheshe embonini ekhanyayo. Ebusheni bakhe, iminyaka engu-7 yasebenza nokweluka endaweni ehlanganisiwe ebizwa ngokuthi "Red Perepop". Ngalesi sikhathi, uTereshkova waqala ukubandakanyeka emidlalweni ye-parachute. Waya ngentokozo e-Aerosloj yendawo futhi wagxuma ngesibindi ezindaweni eziphakeme.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Impilo yangasese uTereshkova wayehlala egcinwe ngaphansi kwenqaba, futhi awemukelwa ngaleso sikhathi ukwenza ubudlelwane obusondelene ngaphambi komshado. Noma kunjalo, cindezela uRobert Sililine, avakashele naye u-Aeroslavl e-Yaroslavl. Ngemuva kokusuka eMoscow, ukuxhumana kwawo kwaphela. Kamuva, uValentin Aristov waqokwa ngemuva kwentombazane. Ngokubambisana, abantu abasha babehamba bezungeza idolobha, bavakashela i-cinema.Umyeni wokuqala uTereshkova waba yiCosmonaut Adria Nikolaev. Igama lakhe lalaziwa futhi nezakhamizi zaseSoviet: U-Adriain wayengowokuqala ukuchitha izinsuku ezine esikhaleni. Waba yilungu lesilingo sezempi ekutholeni indoda e-orbit ngaphandle kwesikhala. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwama-cosmonauts aqhamuka eholidini eSanitatorian Sanitatorium. Umbhangqwana uchithe isikhathi esiningi ndawonye, uhamba epaki nasekushisweni kwelanga olwandle.
Umshado wenzeka ngo-1963, esithombeni sezivakashi zalo mkhosi ungabona uNikita Khrushchev. Wayala umkhosi lapho emshadweni endlini kahulumeni. Kamuva, leli holide laqhubeka edolobheni lezinkanyezi.
Ngemuva konyaka, izindlalifa zavela emndenini - indodakazi ka-Elena. Udokotela ukhombisile ukunaka kosana: le ntombazane yaba ingane yokuqala yomhlaba, bobabili abazali bavakashela isikhala. Ukukhulelwa uValentina uvuza kanzima, ubesesibhedlela ngaso sonke isikhathi. Lesi siphithiphithi sangeza iqiniso lokuthi zonke izinja ezivakashele lesi sikhala zazalwa zisencane noma zinezinyawo ezilimele.
Le ntombazane yavela emhlabeni ibuthaka, kepha ngokwejwayelekile, yize kwakukhona amahemuhemu kubantu isikhathi eside lapho u-Elena azalwa eyiyimpumputhe futhi eyisithulu, kanye nama-superflores neminwe.
Lo mndeni wahlukana ngo-1982, lapho indodakazi ka-Adryan noValentina baphenduka iminyaka eyi-18. Ngemuva kwesehlukaniso u-Elena wathatha igama lokugcina umama. Ngemuva kwalokho, engxoxweni, uTereshkova wakubona ukuthi embuthanweni wabathandekayo, umyeni wakhe wazibonakalisa edelela, ngenxa yalokho impilo yabo eya nayo eya kuNo. UNikolaev akakaze ashade okwesibili. ICosmonaut ichaze ukuthi kunzima ukuthola injabulo yomndeni okwesibili, ngaphandle kowesifazane, umngane akulula ukuhlangana.
Indoda yesibili kaVladimirovna uValentina Vladimirovna waba nguMkhulu Jikelele kaJulius Shaposhnikov. Kwakungekho zingane kulo mshado. Kepha u-Elena Tereshkova wethule abazukulu bakhe bakamama u-Alethei Manov no-Andrei Rodionova. I-Eldest isivele yavakashela amabutho, ifundwe eMoscow State University, omncane kunabo bonke abathanda lo mdlalo ku-violin. Bobabili babiza ugogo wabo odumile emigodini.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umyeni wakhe womabili u-Elena waba ngabashayeli bezindiza. Ukuphela kwendlalifa uValentina Tereshkova usebenza ku-cyto ku-Specialty-Orthopedist ". Ukhethe ukubonga kwakhe ngenxa kababa wakhe wokutholwa, naye obhekele ama-orthopedics. UTereshkova noHeposhnikov Soul bahlala emphefumulweni, kodwa ngo-1999 abashade nabo babulawa umdlavuza.
Naphezu kokuthatha umhlalaphansi, uValentina Vladimirovna uqhosha impilo eqinile. Ngo-2004, wenza ukuhlinzwa okuyinkimbinkimbi kwenhliziyo, ngoba uma kungenjalo wayezohlaselwa yinhliziyo. Kusukela lapho, uValentina Vladimirovna akabikwanga ngezinkinga ezinkulu zempilo.
Inkambo
I-Vobby kaValentina yabikezela ikusasa layo. Ngokuzenzela okujabulisayo, ngaleso sikhathi, usosayensi waseSoviet uSergey Korolev wabamba umlilo wokuthumela owesifazane emkhathini. Lo mbono wamukelwa kahle, futhi ekuqaleni kuka-1962, ukufuna ummeleli wobulili obuhle, okwakungukuthola isihloko esiqhoshayo seCosmonaut. Imibandela yayingukulandelayo: ama-parachutes angaphansi kweminyaka engama-30, enesisindo esifinyelela ku-70 kg, ethatha ama-170 cm.
Abesifazane baseSoviet bafisa ukuya esikhaleni bekungukumangala kakhulu. Abasebenzi be-Soviet Induna yeCosmonautics bebefuna umphonki ofanele ofanelekile ovela kumakhulu abavote. Ngenxa yalokho kukhethwe kanzima, kwathola "ama-Finalists amahlanu"
Amantombazane ahloselwe ngokusemthethweni ukusebenzela ezempi, athola amazinga ajwayelekile futhi aqala ukusebenza kanzima. Ekuqaleni, uThereshkova wadlula uhlelo lokuqeqeshwa esimweni salaleli kaMosmonaut sokuqunjelwa kwesibili, kodwa kakade ngo-1962, edlula ngempumelelo izivivinyo, waba yi-cosmonaut yoMnyango wokuqala woMnyango wokuqala.
Ukuqeqeshwa kufakwe amasu wokuthuthukiswa kokuqina komzimba kubukhali bendiza yesikhala. Isibonelo, amantombazane afundwe ukuhamba ngaphansi kwesisindo, athole izinsiza zomzimba e-thermocamera kanye nakusindele, enza ukulungiswa kwe-parachute, kwakha ukusetshenziswa kwe-skatera.
Ukuqeqeshwa eSurdocamera (igumbi, elihlukaniswe nemisindo yangaphandle) kwahlala izinsuku eziyi-10. Ngamunye wabalingisi abahlanu abaneqhaza lowesifazane wokuqala weCosmonaut uchithe izinsuku eziyi-10 enkohlisweni yokuthula okuphelele nesizungu.
Lapho ukhetha umfakisicelo, okwakufanele andize, anaka indlela yokuqeqeshwa, izinga lokuqeqeshwa okusebenzayo, ulwazi lwethiyori, imiphumela yezivivinyo zezokwelapha. Imvelaphi yalowo okhethwe ukhetho yanakwa.
Iqiniso lokuthi uValentina Vladimirovna uqhamuka emndenini osebenza kahle owayephelelwe ukondla ngesikhathi sempi, wadlala isandla sakhe. Futhi izici ezibalulekile zokuqhekeka kwezepolitiki kwamaflaya, amandla okwenza imisebenzi yezenhlalo, ukukhazimulisa iqembu lamaKhomanisi.
Uma, emaphoyinti amabili okuqala, abanye abavotelele baphansi kweTereshkova, bese kumakhono okwenziwa emphakathini ababengalingani. UValentina Vladimirovna okhulunywe kalula ngezintatheli kanye nabanye abantu, wanikeza izimpendulo ze-laconic nezemvelo zemibuzo, ngenkathi ungakhohliwe ukuhola amagama ambalwa ngobukhulu beqembu lamaKhomanisi.
Ngenxa yalokho, wakhethwa ngukhetho oluphambili ngendiza esikhaleni. Isimo se-cosmonaut esiphindayo sithole u-Irina Solovyov, futhi uValentina POOnoraRev waqoka umfakisicelo osele.
Owesifazane wokuqala waya emkhathini ngoJuni 16, 1963. UValentina Vladimirovna, i-cosmonaut yesithupha ye-USSR, yanikezwa i-gull. Ibinzana lokugcina, elishiwo uTereshkova ngaphambi kokuqala, laba umugqa ovela enkondlweni ye-vladimir mayakovsky "ifu emabhulukweni": "Hheyi! Isibhakabhaka! Thatha isigqoko! "
UValentina Tereshkova ungene emkhunjini "vostok-6", esuka eBaikonur (hhayi esizeni uYuri Gagarin aqala ngaso, futhi aphindaphindwe kabili). Indlela umuntu wesifazane wokuqala weCosmonaut aqhuba ngayo isiqalo, esabika avezwa, athole ukuhlolwa okuphezulu kochwepheshe. Baqinisekisa uThereshkova wabamba okungcono kunabesilisa abanolwazi lwe-cosmonaut.
Ngokushesha nje emva kokuqala, inhlala-kahle kaTereshkova yaba yimbi, wathutha okuncane, akazange adle futhi ahoxile izingxoxo ezineziteshi zomhlaba. Noma kunjalo, wathatha izinsuku ezintathu, izinguquko ezingama-48 ezizungeze umhlaba, futhi endleleni njalo ehola i-logbook.
Okwesikhashana ngaphambi kokufika kwezinsolo zokufika, owokuqala - ososayensi wezinkanyezi unezinkinga ngemishini ye-spacecraft. Ngenxa yokufakwa okungafanele kwezintambo ze-valentine, uTereshkova akazange aqaliswe ngumkhumbi ngesandla. Iphutha lokufanisa i-simulator kudivayisi yangempela yathinteka: I-algorithm yesenzo kuzo yayihlukile.
Kodwa-ke, "ama-cosmos 6" asuswe futhi atshalwe ebusweni bomhlaba ngokusebenzisa imodi ezenzakalelayo, lapho inkinga leyo akwenzekanga khona. Leli cala kamuva lafundwa e-Design Bureau, kanti ukungafani kwasuswa. UKorolev wacela uValentina Vladimirovna ukuthi angabiki leli phutha emishini. Wagcina le mfihlo iminyaka engama-40.
Lapho usuqedile indiza (umkhumbi wafika endaweni yase-Altai Territory) uValentina Vladimirovna wasabalalisa imikhiqizo yabo ekudleni kwabo kubahlali bendawo, futhi yena wadla ukudla kwendabuko kwalezi zindawo. Kulokhu, wephule ukuhlolwa kwezokwelapha ukutadisha ithonya lokudla okukhethekile kuya epheshana lesisu ngesikhathi sokuhlala komuntu ngokuhlala.
Futhi, kanye nenhlala-kahle embi, uTereshkova, kanye nezinkinga ngokulandelana komkhumbi, kucashile i-Sergey Queen. Waze wathembisa ukuthi angabe esaba nowesifazane ongashadile esikhaleni waze washona. Indiza elandelayo efanayo yenzeka kamuva kakhulu ukunakekelwa konjiniyela onesiphiwo empilweni.
Kusukela lapho, uValentina Tereshkova akasenawo ukundiza emkhathini. Waba ngumfundisi - usonkanyezi, wasebenza enkabeni yokuqeqesha ama-cosmonauts angumcwaningi omkhulu, waze waphothula iziqu eZhukovsky Military Air Engineering Academy, abe nguProfesa futhi abhale amaphepha esayensi angaphezu kwayisihlanu. UValentina Vladimirovna wamemezela ukuthi bekukulungele ukuya endizeni eya eMars (ngendiza eyodwa kuphela).
I-Feat of Woman-Astronaut yahlala yaphakade emlandweni, okuqinisekisa yimiklomelo eminingi. Ekuhlonipheni lo mcimbi, isitshalo se-uglich sesisungule ukukhishwa kwewashi "lasolwandle". Iplanethi encane yabizwa nangokubizwa ngokuthi Izingcingo, kwabizwa ngeplanethi encane, igama lokushayela lathola i-crater enyangeni. Ukuhlonipha uTereshkova, izikhumbuzo zivuliwe, kwahlelwa imnyuziyamu ezweni elincane. Imidwebo yakhe yabekwa emalini lwemali yaseSoviet.
UValentina Vladimirovna wanikezelwa engomeni ethi "I-Girl Seagull" eyenziwe nguMuslim Magomayev, uValentina owenziwa nguSofia Rotaru, "uSeagull (Valentine)" uNatalia Ivanova. Indaba yakhe yatshelwa ezincwadini, naku-2017 ifilimu elibhaliwe "ngihlala ngibheka izinkanyezi."
UTereshkova uyaqhubeka nokuhlanganyela kwezepolitiki. Ngezikhathi zeSoviet Union, wayeyilungu le-CPSU, kwathi ngonyaka we-2000 wakhethwa kwiPhini leSekela leDuma ye-Duma yendabuko ye-Yaroslavl ephathini e-United Russia. Ubuye wabamba iqhaza emcimbini wokuvula wemidlalo yama-solimpiki ye-solimpiki ka-2014, waba ngumongameli wenkumbulo "yezizukulwane, enikelwe ekuvulekeni kweyunivesithi kanye nezinye izikhungo eziningi e-Yaroslavl.
Ngakho-ke, ngo-2011, phakathi nokhetho lwePhalamende olulandelayo, uTereshkov waqokwa yiphini likahulumeni we-Duma. Owesifazane wokuqala weCosmonaut uthanda isifunda sakhe sendabuko, usiza ikhaya lezingane ze-Yaroslavl, isikole sendabuko. UValentina Vladimirovna ubandakanyeka ekuthuthukisweni kwedolobha, uvule izikhungo ezintsha zemfundo, ukukhiqiza, izikhungo zengqalasizinda kuyo. Igama lakhe labizwa ngokuthi yikamu lezemidlalo lezemidlalo lezingane.
Isikhumbuzo (iminyaka engama-80 ubudala) uValentina Vladimirovna wagubha ngoMashi 6, 2017. Wathatha umhlalaphansi kaMajor General, uchitha isikhathi esiningi nomndeni wakhe, futhi uyaqhubeka nokuzibandakanya emsebenzini wezepolitiki. Ku-akhawunti yayo - ukubamba iqhaza ekwakhiweni kwezinhlelo ezingama-21 zomthetho. Igama lakhe liphethe isisekelo seCharity Foundation, esenza usizo lwama-veterans kanye nabahlanganyeli bezobutha.
Ngo-2018, uTereshkova, ongomunye wabantu abaningi baseDuma, wenza iminyaka eminingi. Lesi senzo sasibonwa kabi ngumphakathi, futhi idumela lowesifazane kaCosmonaut lathuthumela.
UValentina Tereshkova manje
Manje, iPhini LikaValentine Tereshkova lingafinyeleleka ngewebhusayithi ye-State Duma, lapho inekhasi lomuntu siqu. UValentina Vladimirovna naye wambozwa ku- "Instagram".
Ngo-Mashi 2020, uValentina Tereshkova wenza isiphakamiso sokususwa kwayo yonke imikhawulo enanini lezinsuku zokugcina lapho inhloko yesimo ingabalwa khona. Ukuchitshiyelwa ku-State Duma kuvotelwe iningi.
Iphini liwijele ukumangalelwa ngokungathembeki, kuvela imibono engemihle kunethiwekhi. Noma kunjalo, uTereshkova ukuqinisekisile engxoxweni yokuthi lesi siphakamiso sacelwa ukuba senze abantu abajwayelekile. Azikho izinhloso zezepolitiki kwiphini labo lenkulumo alizange liphishekele. Ngemuva kokwenza izichibiyelo, waqala ukuthola izincwadi zokubonga "ukulondolozwa kweVladimir Putin".
Ezinsukwini ezimbalwa kamuva, idatha ehlukaniswe iRosreestr eValentina Tereshkova Property. Phambilini, indlu yamamitha-skwele angama-700 yamenyezelwa ngokusemthethweni egameni elikhulu kakhulu. M kanye namafulethi amathathu, kufaka phakathi amafulethi ePomegratovaya Lane yaseMoscow ebiza ama-ruble ayizigidi ezingama-200.
Naphezu kwayo yonke impumelelo yangaphambilini kaValentina Vladimirovna, iqembu lososayensi kanye nezibalo zomphakathi lenze isicelo sokuncishiswa kwezikhundla ezahlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi isakhamizi esihlonishwayo samadolobha amaningana. ENoovosibirsk, banikelwa waqamba kabusha umgwaqo kaValentina Tereshkova, wayinike igama lomunye umshayeli we-Pilot Svetlana Savitskaya. Lokho kwanikeza izwi ngalezi zindlela zezepolitiki.