I-Biograge
E-biography yeKarl i, izimpi ezinkulu kanye nezinguquko zemfundo, isihluku maqondana nezitha nothando olukhulu ngomdabu nezihlobo kuyamangaza. Akuwona wonke umbusi emlandweni womhlaba owamiselwe ukuba yiqhawe le-Epic Folk futhi uthole isihloko esihle kakhulu.Ubuntwana nentsha
Umbusi wesikhathi esizayo wazalelwa nakancane enkosini yomndeni, okwakuzonengqondo ukucabanga. Ubaba wakhe wayeyinkantolo eyisithunzi uMajport Pipin amafushane, indlalifa yohlobo lwasendulo lwe-carloling, naye owayesebenza eMayoridomas egcekeni laseFrance. Umama kaCharles Burtrrad, indodakazi ye-grafu enethonya yeLansky Calibert, kwakuwukuba ngumlingani wokuvelela futhi ovotelwayo. Ubambe iqhaza ngenkuthalo kwezepolitiki futhi wakhathazeka ngombono wokuhlangana namandla angomakhelwane.
Ngaleso sikhathi, amandla ozalo wokubusa olawula ubuthakathaka kangangokuba umngane weNkosi uMakhosi waphathwa yizindaba zombuso, futhi umkhosi wakhe wabeka isiginesha wavuma ngekhanda ikhanda lakhe emihlanganweni. Ku-751, i-PIPIN imfushane, isibhalelwe ukusekelwa kukaPapa kaRoma, ekugcineni yaphuca owokugcina lapho ejabulisa khona ubukhosi futhi wamemezela umbusi wokuqala we-carlovoling. Embusweni wamadodana akhe uKarl noKarloman. Inkosi eyayincishwa amandla yathunyelwa esigodlweni sezindela, kwathi ubaba ekujabuleni athole umhlaba enkabeni ye-Italy.
UKarl wakhulela umfana oqinile, osebenzayo futhi ofunayo, wakhombisa amakhono angabandayo emfundisweni futhi wahlukaniswa ngumlingiswa oqongelelwe ozolile. Lezi zimfanelo zenzele ukuthi uyise womfana, futhi eminyakeni eyishumi nambili, uPipin wamthatha emkhankasweni wamasosha futhi wafundisa ndawonye amacala esifundazweni aphethwe nguhulumeni.
Ngo-768, uPipin ngokungazelelwe wabulawa ngamanzi nangoMbuso, ngokwentando kaJehova, wahlukaniswa phakathi kwamadodana. UCarlo uthole amazwe aseNyakatho nangaseNtshonalanga, neCarloman - eCentral nase-mpumalanga yeningizimu. Masinyane ngemuva kwalokhu, ubudlelwano phakathi kwabafowethu buzowohloka, futhi okungafanele bazame ukubabamba. Leli cala laya empini, futhi imizamo kuphela kamama engavunyelwe ukufunga i-intercine ingxabano.
Isimo leso saxazululwa yisona uqobo: Ngo-771, uKarloman ngokuzumayo wafa. UKarl wamthumela kumfelokazi kanye nabantwana e-Italiya, wajoyina amazwe omfowabo masinyane, wazibizela ngenkosi enobunye. Ngakho-ke, waba umbusi onamandla kunabo bonke eYurophu. Wayengowasendaweni iningi lensimu yanamuhla yaseFrance, eBelgium, cishe yonke iJalimane ne-Austria yingxenye yalo nengxenye yeNetherlands. Ngakho-ke, uKarl washeshe waqinisa eqiniswa impahla yakhe, ngokufana, enamathisela izindawo ezingomakhelwane.
Ukulwa Kwempi
Waqala iBhodi lakhe ngempi neSAKSAMI, elithi, lagcina iminyaka engama-33. USaxe kwakukhona amaqaba futhi waphazamisa ama-francs ngokuhlaselwa kwabo okunonya. Ngo-772, uKarl enebutho lakhe wathumba inqaba yawo e-Eresburg futhi wabhubhisa ithempeli eliyinhloko - idol Irminsul. Emva kwalokho, kwaqedwa isigaxa isikhashana, futhi inkosi yathuthela e-Italy, eyayingowakwaLangobard futhi yaholwa yisisulu sokuhlola. ULangobard wayehlala ezanywa emazweni epapa futhi esongelwa ngokuthwebula iRoma, ngakho ubaba wacela usizo kuKarl.
Inkosi yomnqobi kule mpi yayinesithakazelo sayo, ngakho-ke, yahlangana nendodakazi kaDezeriya futhi yayithumela kuyise, yangena empini. Indlela yamabutho akhe yayilele ezintabeni, futhi, isibona ukuthi uLangobard wayeqinisile ukudlula, uKarl waya kubo kusukela emuva. Kuhlwanyele ukwethuka emabuthweni osizo, futhi waphoqeleka ukuba abuyele enhlokodolobha yeLangobard Pavia, enethemba lokuqinisa idolobha futhi ahlale phansi ekuvinjezelwe. Ezinyangeni eziyisithupha kamuva, inhloko-dolobha yawa, inzalo yanikela ngesihe salowo onqobayo. Wathunjiwe futhi wabuyiselwa ezimoni, futhi uKarl waziveza njengenkosi yamazwe athunjiwe futhi wethule ibhodi laseFrance kuzo. ERoma, ophumelele wahlangabezana nabahlonishwa kakhulu, futhi ngamhlela uPapa Adrian.
Ngo-776, ubaba wacela uCarlo ngosizo lwezempi. Indodana yesafiko yangena ekuzubeni ngama-Byzantines futhi ihlose ukuthatha isihlalo sobukhosi. Ngokushesha umbuso wawucindezelwa, futhi izihlubuki ziyanyakaziswa.
Ngemuva komkhankaso wase-Italy, uKarl waqala futhi nge-saxony. Ngenkathi inkosi ilwa e-Italy, uSaksa washaya eresburg. Ngakho-ke, uKarl wanquma ukumisa umugqa onamandla wokuvikela emngceleni onama-saxony futhi wakhe inqaba yeKarlsburg, eyayenzelwe ukuvikela amazwe aseFrance kusuka ekuhlaselweni kwesitha. Ngokufana, ukudluliswa kwesicelo sendawo yabantu bendawo okholweni lobuKristu kwahambisana, kwesinye isikhathi kuhambisana nokumelana okuvuthayo.
Ngo-777, uKarla wafika ngesicelo soMbusi woMbusi uZaragoza. Inkosi ihlelile ukwandisa imingcele yayo eseningizimu, futhi isebenzisa isizathu, saya ePyrenees. Lolu hambo aluphumelelanga kakhulu. ERonselvan Gorge, iBaska yahlela amasosha akhe aqamekele futhi ahlelele uhlangothi lwegazi. Kule mpi, umshana kaKarl Roland wabulawa. Lesi siqephu sisuselwa ku-Epic edume "yengoma yeRoland". Noma kunjalo, uKarl usakwazi ukuphumelela indawo yensimu enyaweni lweNtaba yasePyrenees, eyabiza iBrand Spanish.
Lapho bebuya eKarl, balinda ukuhola okungathandeki: I-Saksa engabonakali ikhohliwe zonke izithembiso zazo futhi zambulula impi. Ngakho-ke, inkosi yalungiselela umkhankaso wakhe omusha eSaxony eSaxony. Wakwazi ukubheka izitha ngesikhathi futhi wabeka abantu bethembekile kuye eqotho ekhanda lezifunda zokuphatha, kodwa kwaqubuka isivukelo eSaxony.
Ngasikhathi sinye, wabhabhathiza indodana yakhe eneminyaka emine, yambhajathina yinkosi yaseLangobard.
Ngo-788, uKarl wajoyina uBavaria kuye, waphoqa umzala wakhe uTassilon ukuba ashiye i-duchy, emmangalela ecebeni futhi wabeka esigodlweni sezindela.
Ukubuyela eSaxony, inkosi yaqala ukucindezela uPising ohlelwe nguMholi we-Pagan Ukumelana ngokubukeka. Wanikezela kulokhu iminyaka emithathu, onomusa obhubhisa njalo nezindlu zabo. Ngokushesha abavukeli bacela isihe futhi banikela. UVidakind weza enkosini futhi, ephindaphindwe kaninginingi, wamukela ubuKristu. Kwaphenduka impi eguqukayo empini yesaxon ende negazi.
Enye yezimpumelelo ezivelele zeKarl emkhakheni wamasosha kubhekwa ukuthi zinqotshwa yi-Avar, noma, njengoba nazo zibize, izivikelo. Le mpi iba isikhathi sesibili nokuchitheka kwegazi ngemuva kukaSaxon kwathatha iminyaka eyishumi nane. Isizwe se-Avar, amakhulu eminyaka asabise izakhamizi empumalanga yeYurophu, zacekelwa phansi, kwathi amazwe awo anamathele ezweni laseFrance, athole igama elithi laseMpumalanga. Yonke ingcebo yabaphaphama nge-avara phakathi nobukhona bawo, baya kwabanqobi.
Ngo-799, impi eqinisekisayo eSaxony yaqedwa ngempumelelo. Ekugcineni uKarl namadodana anqoba ekugcineni ama-saxons, axazulule abanqotshwe yindawo ngama-franks, namaSaxons athunjiwe edlula endaweni yesifundazwe saseFrance.
Ukwakha umbuso
Ngo-799, uPapa bire III wabhujiswa ngenxa yentuthuko. Wakhuluma noPetronage eKarl futhi ngokushesha wabuya eRoma. Ubukhosi bendawo abanalutho, basamukela kanjani lesi simo. Ngesikhathi sikababa omkhulu kaKhisimusi ngokubonga amenyezelwe uCharles Engfer. Naphezu kokunganeliseki kwababusi baseByzantine, kwadingeka babone isihloko esisha sombusi wezimpawu zamaFranks. Ukuqhathanisa nabo, iKarl izama ukwenza umshado ne-Irina ye-Byzantine Empress, kodwa ngawo lowo nyaka ngakolunye uhlangothi walahlekelwa amandla ngenxa ye-Palace Coup.
Imfundo yombuso isibe ngumcimbi obalulekile weNtshonalanga Yurophu, ehlanganisa inkosi yamandla nesonto, iqinisa ithonya lesifundazwe saseFrance.
UKarl i, ukuba ngumuntu ohlakaniphile, ofundile futhi ufundile, akakwazanga kodwa ukuqonda indima enkulu yebandla ekuthuthukiseni umbuso. Ngakho-ke, yena ngazo zonke izindlela wabulala abazinikele ngabefundisi, banikela ngomusa umvuzo wabo wezezimali kanye nomhlaba. Ngenxa yalokho, bathenga ngenkuthalo abantu abanqobile ukholo lobuKristu, kulandela ukugcinwa ngokucophelela ukuthobeka nomthetho.
Inkathi yeKarl Okukhulu ibizwa ngokuthi "ukuklama kabusha". Wabutha enkantolo yabantu abafundile kakhulu ngaleso sikhathi, waba neqhaza lapho kuvulwa izikole, hhayi kuphela ngenxa yesakhiwo, kodwa futhi nangefa elijwayelekile. Ngalo, iziKronike zasendulo zaqoqwa, ezazihambelana futhi zahlelwa ezinhlelweni emiBhalweni ekhethekile ngaphansi kwezindela. Imitapo yolwazi yadalwa, ukuguqulwa kohlelo lokubhala nokuqeqeshwa kwenziwa. Ngalo, umhlaba oshiywe waqonda kahle, amadolobha amasha, amabhuloho nemigwaqo kwakhiwa.
Umbuso, owadalwa nguKarl omkhulu, wawuzuzwa njengefa ngemuva kokushona kwakhe indodana kaLouis waqubuka ngo-843. Imbangela yokubola yayingewona amandla anele okugunyazwa yizindlalifa zakhe, ezazingenazo izimfanelo ezinjalo ezivelele engozini yazo enkulu.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UCarl nganginabafazi abayisithupha, izancinza ezintathu nezingane eziyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Unkosikazi wakhe wokuqala waba yindodakazi kaKing Langobard Dezerria. Wamthumela kuYise ngaphambi kokuqala komkhankaso wokuqala wase-Italy futhi washeshe washada nentombazane yemvelaphi ye-Guillhegard, eyamnika amadodana amathathu (uPhipina, uCharles noLouis) namadodakazi amathathu.Inkosi kusukela ebuntwaneni yafundisa amadodana akhe, ukugibela amahhashi nokuphatha inkemba, yaphinde yamukela amakilasi abo lolimi nesayensi enembile. Wabanika kakhulu amadodakazi kangangokuba wazama ngaso sonke isikhathi ukuwagcina naye futhi akekho oshade naye. Yebo, futhi emadodaneni emiphefumulweni kaKarl ayinandaba, ngakho-ke ukuphela kukaPipina noCharles baba usizi lwangempela kuye.
Ukushona
Ekupheleni kwempilo kaKarl yaphenduka isiguli esidukayo. Uzwa i-ambulensi, wagcotshwa uLouis wePood futhi wamemezela ubuntu bakahulumeni.
Ngokushesha nje, wayebanda ekuzingeleni futhi wafa ngonyaka wamashumi ayisikhombisa nawesibili wokuphila, ngonyaka wamashumi amane nesikhombisa weBhodi. Isidumbu sakhe sahlanjalazwa ngokuqinile eKhathedrali Elikhulu Lomuzi Wase-Aachen.