I-Biograge
UVladimir Ivanovich Vernadsky - usosayensi ovelele, isazi sezemfundo, udokotela wezifo zemgodi, i-crystallograph, umsunguli we-biogechemistry, geochemistry, izimfundiso mayelana noomoya, ifilosofi kanye nesibalo somphakathi.
Isifundo sesikhathi esizayo sazalwa ngonyaka we-1863 eSt. Petersburg, emkhayeni wososayensi. I-Grackfall Vladimir, Vasily Ivanovich Vernadsky, ebambe iqhaza ekushintsheni kweSuvorov ngokusebenzisa ama-Alps njengodokotela wezempi, owanikezwa kamuva isihloko esihle.
Ubaba kaVladimir, u-Ivan vasilyevich, owayefundisa iPhopoli Eyunivesithi yasendaweni, wazalelwa eyunivesithi yendawo, naseGymnasium - izincwadi zaseRussia. Ngemuva komshado noMariya, indodakazi yezazi zezomnotho uNikolai Shigayeva, uBaba waseVernadsky, kanye nabashade nabo, bathuthela eMoscow, lapho afunda khona izinkulumo ezibalo nasezomnotho wezepolitiki.
Ngemuva kokuthuthela eSt. Petersburg, uVernadsky wazalwa indodana kaNikolai, umfowethu omdala uVladimir. UMaria Nikolaevna washona ngemuva kweminyaka eyishumi ngemuva komshado, eshiya umngane womfelokazi enomntwana osemusha ezingalweni zakhe. Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, u-Ivan vasilyevich washada ngokwesibili embelemyeni womfazi ongasekho, u-Anne Petrovna Konstantinovich, owanikeza impilo ngekusasa lososayensi omkhulu.
Lapho uVolloyaya eneminyaka emihlanu ubudala, uVernadsky wasuka eSt. Petersburg waya eKharkov, owayebhekwa njengenye yezikhungo zezesayensi namasiko zoMbuso WaseRussia. EKharkov, uVladimir wangena endaweni yokuzivocavoca endawo, lapho afunda khona iminyaka emibili. Ngo-1876, uVernadsky wabuyela eSt. Petersburg, futhi umfana waqhubeka nezifundo zakhe endaweni yokuqala yedolobha.
Imfundo etholwe nguVernadsky eSt. Petersburg Gymnasium yayikhanya ngisho nangesikhathi sethu. Lokhu kungahlulelwa ngeqiniso lokuthi iziqu zingabhala futhi zichaze ngezilimi ezintathu, futhi zifunde - kube yishumi nanhlanu okushicilelwa kwamaphepha esayensi nezinkulumo phesheya. E-Gymnasium, uVladimir Ivanovich, i-AZA yeFilosofi nomlando wenkolo, eyaba yisinyathelo sokuqala sokubamba iqhaza kwakhe ekwakhekeni kokugeleza kwe-cosmism yaseRussia, umsekeli wokuthi uVernadsky wayesemdala kanjani.
I-Biology kanye nezinye zesayensi
Ngo-1881, uVernadsky wangena egatsheni lemvelo le-fizman yeSt. Petersburg University. Othisha bensizwa enethalente kwakunguDiketov, uMendeleev, eDokuchaev, umsunguli wesikole esifingqiwe. I-DOKUECH, njengeNhloko yegatsha lemvelo, eyayifundwa futhi yavikela ukuphikiswa uVernadsky Directation, yanikeza isigceme sakhe isikhundla somgcini wekhabethe lika-mineroGy.
Ngo-1888, usosayensi osemusha waya eYurophu kuye e-Internship. Kuqala, wenziwa ngenhlamba ye-crystallography eMunich, wabe eseya eParis, esikoleni sezintaba saseKolishi de France. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, lapho ebuyela ezweni lakubo, uVernadsky wamisa inhloko yoMnyango weMineRoGy eMoscow University.
UVladimir Ivanovich wasebenza njengokuthunyelwe kothisha kothisha. Ngo-1891, usosayensi osemusha wavikela i-the the the inkosi yayo, kwathi ngo-1897 wayengumbukiso wobudokotela futhi waba udokotela noProfesa waseMineroGy. Ngesikhathi sekhefu phakathi kwalezi zinto ezimbili, uVernadsky wahamba kakhulu. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kwesayensi, wahamba wonke amaRussia, eYurophu, eqhuba ucwaningo lwezwe.
Ngo-1909, eCochering ehlanganisiwe yokuthola amaminerali ahlanganyelwe ekuqothulweni komhlaba, sebebeke izisekelo zesayensi entsha - geochemistry. Eminyakeni yokufundisa eMoscow University, uProfesa wabamba umsebenzi omkhulu ngokushintsha umbono kaMineroGy owayekhona kuze kube yileso sikhathi. Usosayensi uhlukanise ama-mineralofy kusuka ku-crystallography, aboshwe isayensi yokuqala ne-mathematics ne-physics, kanti owesibili - nge-chemistry yokuqothuka komhlaba kanye ne-geology.
Ngasikhathi sinye nemisebenzi emisha emkhakheni kaMineroGy, iVernadsky isondela ekutholakaleni kwe-gechemistry, kanye nokutadisha kwempilo uPenomena kwamholela ekuqaleni kwe-biogechemistry. Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, lo muntu oguquguqukayo oguquguqukayo wayenesithakazelo emsakazweni wezinto, umlando wesayensi yesayensi yaseRussia nefilosofi, futhi wabandakanyeka kwezepolitiki nasempilweni yezwe elisezingeni eliphakeme kakhulu.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lama-20, usosayensi waba ngumfundi wesayensi yeSt. Petersburg Academy of Science, ekhanda imnyuziyamu ye-minerogical. Uprofesa ngonyaka we-1909 wasungula i-radio Commission ehole amaminerali, futhi ngokwakhe ahlanganyele kulokhu kuhamba, njengoba kufakazelwa yizithombe ezingokomlando. Ngo-1915, uVernadsky wahlela iKhomishini (I-CES), umsebenzi wawo omkhulu kwakuwukufunda izinsizakusebenza ezibonakalayo zezwe, kufaka phakathi amaminerali e-radioactive.
Ekuqaleni kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, uVernadsky wasiza ehlela amakamelo okudlela wamahhala wendlala yabadlali, ababambe iqhaza emsebenzini weZemskiy Congcures, kwathi ngemuva kwenkonzo yokukhanyiselwa kwabantu ngaphansi kwesikhashana Uhulumeni wayebhekiswe.
Kuze kube ngu-1919, uprofesa wawuba neqembu le-CADET, elandiselwa ekubukeni okunenkululeko-Democratic. Kulomhlabathi kwadingeka ashiye iRussia ngemuva kwe-1917 Coup. NgoMeyi 1918, uVernadsky wathuthela e-Ukraine e-Ukraine, lapho ahlelele khona waba ngusihlalo wokuqala we-Ukraine Academy of Sciences of Science, wafundisa i-gechemiche University of Cririche University of eCrimea.
Ngo-1921, uVernadsky wabuyela ePetrograd. UVladimir Ivanovich ulibhekise eMnyangweni weMeteor weMnyuziyamu we-Minerogical futhi wahlela uhambo oluya endaweni yokuwa kwe-tungusian meteorite. Kwabonakala sengathi impilo ibithuthuka, futhi usosayensi uzophinde akwazi ukuzinikela kwisayensi. Ngawo lowo nyaka, uVernadsky waboshwa futhi wasolwa ngokulandelana, kodwa kamuva wakhipha isivikelo sobungane nokusekelwa: Abafundi abakanye nabo be-Oldenburg bathumela ama-telegraphs afanele noLenin naseLunacharsky.
Esikhathini esizayo ngo-1922 kuya ku-1926, uProfesa Funda izinkulumo eFrance, e-University of Paris, wabe esekhona ePrague. Ngalesi sikhathi, isifundo semfundo sakwazi ukulungiselela ukushicilela izincwadi nezihloko:
- "Gechemistry";
- "Into ebukhoma e-biosphere";
- "Isintu esizenzakalelayo."
Ngo-1926, ebuyela eLeningrad, ososayensi waba ngumqondisi weRadio Institute, kwathi ngo-1928 - ilabhorethri eyakhiwe nge-biogeochemical elanda. Eminyakeni ehlukile, uVernadsky wabhekisa imiphakathi yesayensi ebandakanyeka ezifundweni eziphakade, amanzi angaphansi komhlaba, indawo yezwe lamatshe edwala, amanzi asindayo. Ngo-1940, i-academinian yalibangisa iKhomishini ye-Uranium, empeleni, iba ngumsunguli wohlelo lwenuzi lweSoviet Union.
Nobanele
Ngokusho kukaVernadsky, i-biosphere uhlelo oluvumelekile noluthuthukisayo noluhlelekile. Inhlangano yayo ingenxa yokufuduka kwezinto zamakhemikhali ezivuse umthombo omkhulu wempilo, amandla eLanga. Uhlelo olulodwa lweplanethi yemvelo luqukethe i-biosphere yokuxhumana nelinye i-geogram.
Kancane kancane, usosayensi weza ekwakhekeni nasekunqumeni komqondo wokungathandani, njengokuguqulwa ngenxa yomthelela womuntu we-biosphere. UVernadsky okholelwa ezenzweni ezihlangene ezihlakaniphile zaso sonke isintu, aziqondiswane nje ekwanelisweni kwezidingo zazo, kodwa nasekudaleni ukulingana nokuvumelana kwemvelo, ukutadisha kanye nokunakekelwa kwemvelo yomhlaba ezingeni elifanele.
Ikusasa lesintu labona usosayensi ngokuphila kwakhiwe kahle emphakathini nangokwesifundazwe, ngokusekelwe ekubumbeni nasekusukeni. Umuntu uguqula umhlaba, uqondiswe yimithetho ye-biosphere, khona-ke yonke i-goorshere, umhlaba we-organic, isikhala sangaphandle, ihlanganiswe futhi yathuthukiswa ekwelashweni.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1886, uVernadsky wabopha impilo yakhe emshadweni noNatalia Egorovna Statitsky. Lo mbhangqwana wawuhlala emphefumulweni weminyaka engamashumi amahlanu nesithupha, kuze kube sekufeni kukaNatalia Egorovna ngo-1943.
Babenezingane ezimbili, ngemuva kwalokho labo abashona efudukelweni: UGeorge, owaba isazi-mlando esidumile, noNina, owayesebenza njengodokotela wezengqondo.
Ukushona
Umlingani kaVladimir Ivanovich washona futhi wangcwatshwa eKazakhstan, lapho umndeni uhlala khona ngesikhathi sokuphuma. UVernadsky ngokwakhe ngemuva kokushona kukankosikazi wakhe wabuyela eMoscow, lapho ashonela khona ngoJanuwari 1945 ngemuva kwesifo sohlangothi.
I-biography yososayensi eyenze umnikelo omkhulu kwi-Russian, eSoviet neWorld Science uwubufakazi obukhanyayo bokusebenza kwalo kokusebenza, ukugcwala olwazini kanye nethalente elibumbene. Kuvulwe ini uVernadsky? Usosayensi waletha futhi kwahlela imithetho yemisebenzi ye-geochemical yezinto eziphilayo e-biosphere, yathuthukisa imfundiso ye-biosphere kanye nokuvela kwayo okuqhubekayo esonweni.
I-Bibliography
I-Peru usosayensi ongumnikazi wemibhalo yesayensi engaphezu kuka-700. Ezincwadini zanamuhla, ungazithola zinamaqoqo alandelayo:
- Vernadsky, v.i. Imisebenzi eqoqwe: ngamathani angama-24 (2013);
- Vernadsky, v. i. Imicabango yefilosofi ye-natururiarist (1988);
- Verdadsky, v.i. Science Scoent Penomenon (1991);
- I-Vernadsky, v.i.I-Biosphere and Noople. (2012);
- Vernadsky, v.i. kwisayensi. Umshukumo 1. Ulwazi lwesayensi. Ubuqambi besayensi. Umcabango wesayensi. (1997).