I-Biograge
NgoJuni 14, 1928, kwizakhamizi zesithathu ezinkulu zase-Argentina, idolobha laseRosario lazalwa umfana u-Ernesto Guevara, ubopha uphawu emlandweni njengesikhulu, izinguquko.
UChe Guevara (uPierce-Nickname "Che" wasetshenziswa yi-Ernest ngenhloso yokucacisa umphakathi ezimpandeni nasemvelaphi yase-Argentina) impilo eyingozi, eyindidayo, yenza okuningi kubantu be amazwe ahlukene.
Isiguquli sokuthengwa kwazalwa emkhayeni ono-Bourgeois. Uyise wayengumklami, futhi umama uyinzalo yezitshalo. Imvelaphi yabalingani ihlotshaniswa nezikhonkwane ze-argentine (abafudukayo baseYurophu), kepha futhi emndenini kaChe Guevara noCreolev abavela eCalifornia.
Ekuqaleni, abazali be-comandandante yesikhathi esizayo babehlala eBuenos Aires, ngemuva kokuthuthela kuMinonee, lapho iSelia (mama) yayizuzwa njengefa. Ukuzama ukuzuza ngokweqiniso nangobuhle, bakhokha izisebenzi zamaholo, ezibhekwa ngalezozinsuku "ezimangazayo" phakathi kwabatshalishi, zabangela ukufutheka kwentukuthelo kubancintisana. Ngenxa yalokho, umndeni wakwa-Ernesto kwadingeka ukuba uye eRosario, lapho kwazalwa khona indodana yabo.
Ezinye izingane nazo zakhuliswa emndenini weGuevary - odadewethu ababili (Selia no-Anna-Maria) nabafowethu ababili (Roberto noJuan-Martin). Naphezu kweminyaka enzima, inkinga yezomnotho ezweni, izingane zomndeni womakhi zithole imfundo ephakeme ngemuva kwalokho.
I-Tete (ebizwa ngokuthi yi-CHE Guevar ebuntwaneni) kwakuyingane ebuhlungu. Lapho eneminyaka emibili ubudala, wabhekana nesifo esiyinkimbinkimbi kunazo zonke, isifuba somoya we-bronchial, futhi wazama ukulwa nokuphila kwakhe okuqondayo. Abazali baka-Ernesto banquma ukuthuthela endaweni entsha yokuhlala efuna izimo ezinhle zezulu ngengane yabo.
Esifundazweni saseCordoba kwakuyiminyaka yezingane kaChe Guevara. Ngenxa yokugula kwakhe, umfana akakwazanga ukuya esikoleni isikhashana kanye nontanga, kodwa kakade eneminyaka emine efunde ukufunda.
U-Ernesto uthweswe iziqu esikoleni esiphakeme e-Alta-GraysA, wabe esengena ekolishi. Ngemuva kokuphela kwakhe (1945), isishoshovu esizayo sanquma ukuba udokotela, amadokhumenti adlulayo eyunivesithi yezokwelapha eBuenos Aires. Eyunivesithi, uChe Guevara wathola udokotela ohlinzayo okhethekile nodokotela wesikhumba.
Ngokwemininingwane ye-biographical, le nsizwa esencane yayinesifiso sokungabi nalo kuphela umuthi, kodwa futhi nangenye isayensi.
Kwanikezwa umbono omuhle ku-Ernesto Works of Lenin, Marx, Bakunin, nabanye. Ubufakazi bama-theorists. UChe Guevara wayephethwe kahle ngesiFulentshi, wayazi izinkondlo eziningi, wazibandakanya ekubhaleni imigqa yakhe.
I-Asthma yaphazanyiswa ngezikhathi ezithile yi-Guevar, kepha ayizange imvikele kwezemidlalo. Eminyakeni yobusha, u-Ernesto wafakwa ohlwini eqenjini lebhola lezinyawo, ngentokozo evakashele i-Horse Club, wayenamakhono amahle kwigalufu, futhi wahamba nokuhaha ngebhayisekili. E-biography yesisebenzi saseCuba, imininingwane yagcinwa ngokuthi i-Che Guevara yathunyelwa kanjani isithombe somakoti wakhe ngokubhalisa "enkosini ye-pedal" kuyo.
Uyahamba
Ukujikeleza u-Ernesto waqala ebusheni bakhe. Njengomfundi waseyunivesithi, wanquma ukuzihlola njengomatilosi, eqashelwe emkhunjini wezimpahla (ngo-1950). Ngakho wavakashela eBrithani Guana, oh. Trinidad. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uChe Guevara waba yilungu lomkhankaso wokukhangisa weMicron, waphakamisa insizwa ethangothini lokukhiqizwa kwalo.
Ukuthola umhlaba, okuvelayo okusha kuka-Ernesto wahambela amazwe ahlukahlukene. Izindawo eziningi ezithokozisayo zitshele insizwa nomngane wakhe othembekile - u-Alberto Granado (uDkt Biochemistry). Naye, wahamba eChile, ePeru, amadolobha asendulo eNdiya, njll.
Umbuzo uphakama lapho umfundi osemncane enakho imali ekuhambeni? Abalingani batholakele ngezindlela ezihlukile: basebenza ngokulayisha, izitsha zensipho emkhakheni we-catering, bahlinzeka ngezinsizakalo zezilwane, njll. Ngezinye izikhathi bantu abaphefumulelwe bachitha ubusuku ehlathini noma endle.
Kokunye kokuhamba eColombia, uChe Guevara wabona ukwethuka okwamboza izwe ngesikhathi sempi yombango. Kuyo yavusa kancane isimo senguquko.
Ukuya ezindaweni ezikhangayo zika-Ernesto ezifundweni ezihambisanayo, kwathi ngo-1952 wakwazi ukuvikela udokotela ngediploma ngezifo zomuntu. Lapho ethola udokotela ohlinzayo okhethekile, isiphetho sathumela i- "Excere of the Revolution" eVenezuela, lapho kwaqhamuka khona isikhala samahhala eLeprosaria, kodwa uchwepheshe wanquma ukushintsha indlela, ashiye abashushisi, ashushise eGuatemala.
Ngemuva kokuphothula e-University of Che Guevara, kwadingeka aye empini, kepha umfana wanquma ukuya ebulilini, evusa ngamabomu ngesifuba se-asthma ekhona emzimbeni wakhe.
Lapho efika eGuatemala eRiphabhulikhi, impi, amabhomu, uMongameli wombuso eCentral America Hakobo Arbens (the Social Armaas esanda kukhethwa) American ebekhona Ukushushiswa nokucindezelwa kwezakhamizi eziphathelene nesigaba semibono yesokunxele.
Ngakho-ke, uChe Guevara wajoyina umfudlana wezobutha. Usize abaphikisi bombuso omusha ekuhambeni kwezikhali, wasiza ngemililo. Ngenxa yalokhu, amaSocialists alahlekile, futhi i-argentina yawela inani lezigebengu zezwe, obekulindeleke ukuthi lijezise futhi licindezele iziqubu.
U-Ernesto waphoqeleka ukuba agijime. I-Embassy of Natiove Argentina isibe isiphephelo, kwathi ngo-1954 Guevara wathuthela eMexico City. Lapha wazama ukusebenza njengentatheli, umthwebuli zithombe, abaqaphi, abafuna imisebenzi engahleliwe.
Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, u-Ernesto washada nentombazane ahlangana nayo eGuatemala - i-ELDA Gada. Ngemuva kwesikhashana, uChe Guevara wazinza esibhedlela sendawo. Ngo-1955, umngani wakhe wakudala wafika e-Ernesto. Le nsizwa yaphenduka inguquko eCuba. Umhlangano ongahleliwe waqedwa yisiphakamiso se-Ernesto ukuze abe yingxenye yenhlangano yezinguquko ngokumelene noshiqela weCuba futhi aya ku-Ahendiland esiQhingini saseCaribbean. Ngaphandle kokuzindla isikhathi eside, i-Argentina yavunyelwana ngayo.
ICuban Revolution
NgoJulayi 1955, umdala mfowethu u-Ernesto wafika eMexico City evela e-USA - uFidel Castro. Ngokubambisana baba ngabaholi abaphambili benhlangano ezayo eCuba.
Ukulungiselela i-Revolution kubangele ubunzima kubabambiqhaza bayo. Ngenxa yokuvuza kwemininingwane eyimfihlo, uChe noFidel baboshwa, kodwa basindiswa ukuvikela kwezibalo zamasiko nezomphakathi. UGuevara wakhuthaza ejele izinsuku ezingama-57, nangemva kokumengewumqondo.
Ukutholwa kwezinguquko kwashiya iMexico kwaya eCuba. Umkhumbi womkhumbi wenzeka ngoNovemba 25, 1956. ELwandle, u-Ernesto nabasekeli bakhe babephukelwa umkhumbi, bawa ngaphansi kokwehla kwezindiza zikahulumeni wasekhaya. Kwafa amadoda, amanye athunjwa. UChe Guevara nabanye abavukuvuluvu abavuselela baba ngabahluphi.
Ingozi ebulalayo yayihlala izungeze u-Ernesto, ekutholeni okuyingxenye yaba yisisulu somalaleveva. Ngesikhathi sokwelashwa, izinguquko ezincane zifunda okuningi, zabhala eyakhe imisebenzi, yahola idayari yomuntu siqu.
Ngo-1957, izihlubuki zikwazile ukulawula ezinye izindawo zeCuba (iSierra Maestra Mountain), amasosha amasha aqala ukuvela - abalandeli bezimoto nabaphikisi beBatista.
Ngemuva kwalokho u-Ernesto wathola isihloko sempi "amaComandante" futhi wahola leli koloni kusuka kumaqhawe angama-75. Ngasikhathi sinye nezenzo zamasosha zaseGuevara zaholelwa e-Propaganda esebenzayo emenyezelwe ngumhleli wephephandaba ngokuthi "iCuba yamahhala".
Inguquko ithathe imali enkulu enkulu. Ama-Partisans asungule ukuxhumana namakhomanisi aseCuba, adluliselwe ekuhlaselweni kwezindawo zezigodi zasendaweni. Ibutho lafinyelelwa yi-mass of the escasbray, nangemva kokuba i-Guevara ifake amandla eLas Villas.
Ngesikhathi sokuvukela, izihlubuki zenze izinguquko eziningi zithanda abampofu abenqume ukusekela izinguquko ethangisweni. Empini yeSanta Clara (Januwari 1, 1959), ibutho leComandante lanqoba, futhi uBatista wasuka eCuba, wasuka kwelinye izwe.
Ukuqashelwa nenkazimulo
Umholi wabavukeli wamukele udumo emhlabeni wonke, ngo-1959 u-Ernesto waba yisakhamuzi esisemthethweni sikaCuba ngokuya ngesimemezelo sikahulumeni weFideli Castro.
NjengoNgqongqoshe Wezimboni, uChe waya kuhambo lwezwe lwamazwe. Uvakashele ePakistan, eBurma, iJapan nakwezinye izindawo.
Okulandelayo, uChe Guevar kwadingeka alwe futhi. Ubudlelwano base-US kanye noHulumeni waseCuba. Isiqhingi senkululeko sesibe yindawo yokuhlaselwa kwesitha, umsebenzi wokumelana waholwa ngu-Ernesto. AbaseMelika balahlekile, uhlelo lwabo lwehlulekile.
Kuyo yonke impilo yakhe, uCuba Che Guevara wagcina izikhala zombuso, wenza izinkulumo zomphakathi (iziqubulo), ezinamathela ezimisweni zawo, kwesinye isikhathi zize zingene nezingxabano nabalingani. Ngasikhathi esithile, u-Ernesto wanquma ukushiya iCuba, wazenzela iziphetho. Wabhalela abazali kanye nezinhlamvu zikaFrenel's Farewell futhi washiya buthule eRiphabhulikhi (entwasahlobo 1965).
Njengoba sesishiye esiqhingini senkululeko, uGuevara waya eCongo, lapho kwabonwa khona le minyaka inhlekelele enkulu yezepolitiki. U-Ernesto kanye nebutho elincane leCuba elisizwa ekuhambeni kwezihlubuki zezinhlangano zeSocialist Partisans.
Inguquko edumile yabelana ngolwazi lwempi, yabamba iqhaza ngenkuthalo kwinguquko. Wasiza ekufezeni ezinye ziyekethisa ezenhlalo, kepha izinhloso ezazibekiwe aziphumelelanga. Ngenxa yalokho, iqembu lasuka eCongo. Indawo elandelayo yemisebenzi yakhe kwakuyi-Afrika (Autumn 1965).
Lapha u-Ernesto wagula ngelaleveva, ukuhlaselwa kwesifuba somoya kuqale kabusha. UChe Guevara waya ekwelashweni eSanatorium Czech Republic, kodwa ngisho nokuhlala endaweni ethule, akazange ayeke ukuhlela ukunyakaza okusha kwezinguquko.
Ngo-1966, wabuyela eCuba ukuyohola i-verachment yengxenye eBolivia. Waba usongo lwangempela kwi-CIA, ngoba ukubulawa kwenguquko, isitha uhulumeni wamemezela inkokhelo ehlaba umxhwele. Ensimini kaBolivia Guevara waphila izinyanga eziyi-11.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando lokuqala lukaGuevara luye lwakha umzala wakhe uCarmen. Intombazane eyayinaka ukumdansa kunentsha ekhangayo kakhulu.
Ebusheni bakhe, umfundi wezokwelapha u-Ernesto wayethandana nentombazane emndenini ocebile eCardoba. Izandla zakhe ezahamba, kepha zangaphandle zifana ngaphandle ne-tramp, akakwazanga ukungena embuthanweni we- "elite" yabanini bomhlaba. Imishado ayizange yenzeke, ngoba Umama kaMariya wakholisa indodakazi yakhe ukonakalisa ukuzibandakanya.
Impilo yonke ye-guevary yabanjwa emzabalazweni wombono wenkululeko nokulingana kwezakhamizi ezijwayelekile, ngakho-ke uthando lwabesifazane kusuka kwabesifazane lwazalwa ngokufana nezimpi kanye nezimpikiswano. Kusukela emshadweni wokuqala no-Ilda Akoshta (washada eMexico, wahlangana eGuatemala), okwakuzalwa yindodakazi. Abalingani babiza intombazane i-Ilid. Kunombono wokuthi unkosikazi wokuqala wabangela ukuba nentshisekelo kwezepolitiki e-hevara young.
Ngesikhathi sempi, uBaba wabhala ukuthinta izinhlamvu zendodakazi yakhe ezithinta inhliziyo. Lo mndeni wahlukana ngeminyaka emine iyimpilo eyinkimbinkimbi yomshado ebangeni.
Ngo-1959, uChe Guevara waphinda washada. Unkosikazi wakhe wesibili waba yintombazane u-Aleid Mashi, naye owayeyiphathi nenhlangano yezinguquko eCuba. Ubudlelwano babo baboshelwe phambi kwesehlukaniso senguquko yenguquko ne-Ilda. Umqondo ongcwele onobunye wezingane wazalwa ezinganeni ezine.
Okuncane kwaziwa ngothando lokugcina luka-Ernesto - Partisan Thanee. Unkosikazi ka-Argentina wafunda ngaye kuphela ngemuva kokufa komyeni wakhe.
Ukushona
UFucking to Bolivia, u-Ernesto wahlukunyezwa kabi. Wenqabile ukwazisa izikhulu, kwathi ngo-Okthoba 9, 1967, uChe Guevar wadutshulwa. Isidumbu sakhe esinqunyiwe sasibekelwa wonke umuntu ukuthi abukeze. Amanye amavukelambuso angcwatshwa ethuneni labancane. Izidumbu zatholakala kuphela ngo-1997.
"Isithonjana se-World Revolution" erneSto Guevar sinikezelwe engomeni. Kudutshulwe amafilimu amaningi ngempilo yakhe ("ama-diaries wesithuthuthu", "Che", "Hand Che Gevara", njll.), Video of Plots, Izinhlelo.
Namuhla, ama-T-shirts anomfanekiso weqhawe kukhona prototype womoya wezinguquko, ukuhlonipha umphathi omkhulu. Futhi ngo-Okthoba 8, iholide ku-Herouc Partisan lagujwa kakhulu eCuba, okwakungu-Ernesto.
Amacaphuna
Uma uqala ukuthuthumela intukuthelo kukho konke ukungabi nabulungiswa, khona-ke ungumlingani wami. Ukuthula kungukuqhubeka kwengxabano ngenye indlela. Ukudabuka hhayi ukuba nabangane, kepha namanje abanazo izitha.Izics
- "Che!" -1969
- "UChe Guevara: Izithuthuthu zezithuthuthu" - 2004
- "CHE" - 2005
- "Hands Che Guevara" - 2006
- "CHE" - 2008