I-Biograge
Umbutho oyimfihlakalo, ophahlazekile owayehola noSathane uqobo, namanje emisebenzini yakhe azalela izinhliziyo zabantu futhi enza ukucabanga ngemfihlo, yize kusukela osukwini lokufa kobuhlakani kwadlula iminyaka eminingi.
Ekwindla sekwephuzile ngo-1782, ingane yesibili yazalelwa emndenini wakwaGo Goneese, owabizwa ngokuthi uNiccolo. Abazali babekhathazeke kakhulu nge-crumb, njengoba ingane izalwa ngaphambi kwesikhathi futhi yabuhlungu futhi yahlwitha. Indlu kababa uNiccolo wama esitokisini esincanyana esibizwa ngokuthi ikati elimnyama. U-Antonio Paganini (ubaba) ebusheni bakhe wasebenza njengesilayishi ethekwini, kodwa kwavuleka kamuva esitolo sakhe. UTeresa BoCharto (Umama) wahola abendlu.
Lapho uTeresa ephupha ingelosi ebikezela ikusasa lomculo eliqhakazile enganeni yesibili. Lapho owesifazane etshela umngane wakhe oshade naye ngephupho, wayejabule ngendlela emangalisayo, ngoba yena wamthanda umculo. U-Antonio ubelokhu esekelwa njalo ku-mandolin, kunokuba acasule omakhelwane nomlingani. Le ndoda yafaka uthando lwezinsimbi zomculo enganeni endala, kepha akazange ancike impumelelo.
Ubaba, esekholelwe ephusheni lesiprofetho, waqala ukuzibandakanya kanzima ngezifundo ze-nikcolo ku-violin. Kusukela ezifundweni zokuqala kuyacaca ukuthi ingane inesiphitho ngemvelo nokuzwa okuhle kakhulu. Ngakho-ke, ubuntwana bakwaZingane badlula emakilasini aqedile, aze agijime. Kepha ubaba wasebenzisa izindlela ezedlulele, evala indodana yakhe endaweni emnyama futhi elele ucezu lwesinkwa. Le ngane yaphoqeleka ukuthi idlale ithuluzi amahora amaningi lilandelana, okuholele ku-catalepsy. Odokotela basho ukufa, futhi abazali babulawa usizi lwaqala inqubo yomngcwabo.
Kepha emcimbini wokuvalelisa, kwenzeka isimangaliso - uNiccolo wavuka wahlala phansi ebhokisini. Lapho nje ingane itholakele, u-Antonio waphinde wamnika ithoyizi lezintandokazi zokudlala - i-violin. Manje le ndoda yamisa izifundo ezimele nendodana yakhe yamema othisha ababa ngudokotela waseVeose Vioninost Francesca Nyekko. IPaganini ekuqaleni yaqala ukudala izingoma zokuqala zendatshana yazo. Ngakho-ke, eseneminyaka engu-8 ubudala, wajabulisa izihlobo zeViolin Sonata.
Leli dolobha lalinamahemuhemu alona umculi onekhono likhula emndenini ompofu womninisitolo kaPaganini. Lezi zindaba azizange zidlule futhi zidlule izindlebe ze-violist chapels enkulu yesonto lesonto laseSan Lorenzo, owanquma ukwenza ubuhlakani bomfana. Ngemuva kokulalela uJacomo Costa wanikeza izinsizakalo zawo ekuthuthukiseni izingane. Izinyanga eziyisithupha zifundise uNiccolo, zidlula amakhono nezimfihlo zobuciko.
Umculo
Ngemuva kwamakilasi noGiacoco, impilo yengane isishintshe ngaphezu kokuqashelwa, manje i-biography yakhe manje igcwele imihlangano nabantu bokudala. Ngaphambi kokuthi le nsizwa yavula umgwaqo emisebenzini yekhonsathi. Ngo-1794, kwenziwa i-Viltus AugusUrus Augustus Duranovsky e-genoye, eyayiphefumulelwe nguHelicon osemusha kangangokuba wanquma ukunika ikhonsathi yakhe. Emva kwalokho, umfana waba nesithakazelo eMarquis Giancarlo di Negro, eyayizwa iMeleman eyaziwayo. Njengoba seke wafunda ukuthi ingane enesiphiwo ikhula emndenini ompofu, uMarquis uthatha imisebenzi ekukhulisweni nasekuqukethwe kwe-niccolo.
UGiancarlo di negro ukhokha izinsizakalo zothisha omusha womfana. Baphenduka i-pusportist ethandwayo ye-pussparo Soundti, efunde iPagaghini kubuchwepheshe boMhloli futhi bathuthukise amandla okuqamba umculo ngaphandle kwethuluzi. Ngaphansi komhlahlandlela onjalo, le nsizwa yaqamba amakhonsathi amabili e-violin kanye nemifudlana engama-24 yepiyano izandla ezine.
Ngo-1800 Paganini uqala umsebenzi onzima futhi unikeza amakhonsathi ama-2 eParma. Emva kwalokho, umenyelwa egcekeni likaDuke waseFerdinand Burbonsky, lapho le nsizwa isebenza ngokuzethemba. Ngalesi sikhathi, u-Antonio Paganini uyakuqonda ukuthi sekuyisikhathi sokwenza imali ngethalente leNdodana. Ukuba yi-Indorario, kuhlela ukuvakasha enyakatho ne-Italy.
Ikhonsathi esencane enethalente ePisa, Florence, Bologna, Milan, Livorno. Amahholo amakhulu ahlangana emadolobheni, abantu bafuna ukubheka i-violistist yosencane. Kepha naphezu kwezinkambo ezisindayo, ubaba ugcizelela ukuthi i-moizeication njalo yeNiccolo, esevele idala ubuciko be-capriccho. Lawa ma-caprice angama-24 enza inguquko emhlabeni we-violin Music. Isandla sohlobo lobuhlakani sithinte amafomula elomile e-locatelli, futhi imisebenzi yadlalwa ngezithombe ezintsha ezikhazimulayo nemidwebo. Ngaphezu kweyodwa i-violerist ayikho ngaphansi kwalokhu. I-miniature ngayinye emikhandmizweni engama-24 ayinakuqhathaniswa, ibangele isilaleli nokuhleka, izinyembezi, kanye nokwesabeka kwasendle ngasikhathi sinye.
I-Charter of a agunyazwe nobaba onesihluku, owavuselela le nsizwa yanquma ukuzimela ngokuzimela. Ngaleso sikhashana, wanikezwa indawo ye-violinist yokuqala eLucca, futhi aqede ukunakekelwa kwabazali, uNiccolo uyavuma. Lo mzuzu uchazwa kwidayari, lapho ahlanganyela khona okuvelayo komuzwa wenkululeko edakayo kanye nomuzwa wamaphiko ngemuva komhlane wakhe. Lokhu kwabonakala kumakhonsathi ahluma uthuli nangomdlandla. Manje impilo yobungcweti iphenduke uchungechunge lokuhamba, ama-cartridge nama-cartridges kanye nokufika kwezocansi.
UNiccolo Paganini ubuyela eGenoa ngo-1804. Njengoba bebekhona ezweni lakubo isikhashana, wakwazi ukudala i-violin engu-12 no-Guitar Sonatas. Ngemuva kwalokho, kuya eDuchy yethangi le-felice, lapho umqhubi we-orchestra usebenza khona kanye nopiyano we-pianber. Ngo-1808, wathuthela inhlonipho esele eFlorence. Iminyaka eyisikhombisa yachitha umculi egcekeni, iphazamisa insizakalo kuphela ngaleso sikhathi. Lo mlutha wawunovalo olunovalo olukhulu kunensizwa kangangokuba wanquma ngesimo sokuphelelwa yithemba sokuqeda ubukhosi.
Ngemuva kokuvela ekhonsathini eMundire Captain futhi wenqaba ngokusobala ukushintsha izingubo, udadewabo kaNapoleon waxoshwa esigodlweni. Ngaleso sikhashana, amabutho aseRussia anqoba umkhuzi waseFrance, futhi isenzo se-violinist ngakho-ke savumelana neNhlangano ukuthi yaphunyuka ngokuyisimangaliso ukuboshwa kwakhe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, indlela yokudala iyaqhubeka eMilan. Eshashalazini "La Scala" ehehwa ngumdanso wabathakathi kusuka ku-ballet "Umshado weBenevento", okwakungobusuku ngasinye wabhala ukuhlukahluka kwe-orchestral violin ngalesi sihloko.
Ngo-1821, ama-Paganini aphazamisa imisebenzi yekhonsathi ngenxa yesifo esikhinyazayo. Izinto zimbi kangangokuba le ndoda icele ukuza kunina ukuba ibe nesikhathi sokusho kahle. Umama usebenza imizamo yokusindisa indodana futhi asekele kuye ePavia. Lapha i-violinost iphatha uSiro Borda, owenza amafutha egazi agulayo, ahlikihla amafutha weMercury futhi abhale ukudla komuntu siqu.
Kepha uNiccolo uhlushwa yizifo eziningana ngasikhathi sinye: umkhuhlane, ukukhwehlela, isifo sofuba, i-rheumatism nama-spasms amathumbu. Ngingakwazi ukubhekana nokugula kungakwazi ngisho nokuvuza. Ngisho nalapho kugula, umculi onekhono awushiyi ubuqambi futhi izandla ezibuthakathaka zihamba ngezintambo ze-guitar, zicabanga ngezingoma. Umkhuleko kamama akadluli ngeze, futhi le ndoda iba ngcono, yize ukukhwehlela okulahlayo kusele iminyaka.
Ukuma, iPaganini inika amakhonsathi ayi-5 ePavia futhi aqambe imisebenzi emisha engama-20. Eminyakeni eyalandela, indoda iyahamba, ikhuluma iJalimane, iRoma, eWestphalia, eFrance. Manje amathikithi ePaganini ayimali enkulu, i-violistist enethalente ithola umbuso futhi ayithenge isihloko seBaron.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Naphezu kokubukeka okungasenamqala, i-niccolo Paganini ayinayo ukushoda kwenkosikazi. Uma ubheka lesi sithombe, abantu besikhathi sabantu bayamangala ukuthi wakwazi kanjani. Ubuso obuphuzi, ikhala elibukhali, iso elimnyama lamalahle futhi badidekile izinwele ezimnyama - lokhu kungumfanekiso womculi omkhulu. Lapho nje le nsizwa ibineminyaka engama-20 ubudala, njengoba ayenentokazi, eyathatha umuntu wesilisa kusihlwa kusihlwa eyakhe ukuze aphumule ngemuva kwamakhonsathi.
Imnyuziyamu elandelayo yendoda iba ngu-Eliza Bonaparte Tabak, owaletha okuthandwayo egcekeni wasekelwa ngazo zonke izindlela. Ubudlelwano babunjiwe, kepha bathanda kakhulu ukuthi ngalesi sikhathi i-violinist ibhala ama-caprice angama-24 ngokuphefumula okukodwa. Konke kuveziwe kuma-endus athi le nsizwa eyayihlolelwe ebuhleni - inkosazana: ubuhlungu, uthando, inzondo nokujabulisa. Lo msebenzi awukakuniki ukuphumula kwabalaleli, abaningi babo bakholelwa ukuthi ngaleso sikhathi uDeveli uqobo wabuswa ngesandla soMlingi.
Ngemuva kokuhlukana no-Elise, uNiccolo wabuyela kuhambo, lapho ahlangana khona no-Angelina enziwe. Intombazane yindodakazi yomsila futhi yanikeza imali yokugcina ngethuba lokubona ubuhle obukhulu. Njengoba uMculi emboza amahemuhemu angaqondakali, khona-ke u-Angelina wanquma ukubona amaSathane ngokwathane futhi athuke izigcawu. Abantu abasha bathandana ngaso leso sikhathi. Ukuze ungahlukanisi nabathandekayo, ubuhle baqhubeka nohambo oluhlanganyelwe eParma, hhayi ngisho nengcindezelo kababa. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-2, ngangikuthokozela ukubandlulula ngezindaba ukuthi maduze nje uzoba ngumama.
Umculi uthumela intombi eya eGenono ezihlotsheni, lapho uyise ayithola khona. Umsolwa usola uPaganini ngenkohliso yendodakazi yakhe futhi wazimangalela. Ngesikhathi senkantolo, u-Angelina wabeletha, kepha ingane yafa. U-Violinist wakhokhelwa isinxephezelo semali emndenini we-cavanno.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezi-3, othandweni i-viononist yabhekana nobudlelwano nomculi u-Anthony Bianchi, owenze esiteji "uLaska". Lo mbhangqwana wawuphila ngendlela eyinqaba yokuthi wadonsela ukunaka kaningi kwabanye. U-Anthony wayethanda uNiccolo, kodwa njalo eshintshwa. Le ntombazane yayichaza ngeqiniso lokuthi le ndoda ihlala igula, kepha wantula ukunakwa. Ukuvukela komuntu umculi akukufihli. Okuthandayo, futhi, akuzange kuhlale ezikweletini futhi kwaqala ukuhlupha nobani.
Ngo-1825, lo mbhangqwana uzalwa indodana, eyabizwa ngokuthi yi-Ahill. U-Violinist, ukuphupha izingane, uhlanya leli qiniso. Ukwakha isimo sengane futhi kuqinisekise ukuqhubeka nokuphila, uBaba osemusha wangena ekubumbeni nasekunikezelweni kwemali. Ngaphandle kokukhohlwa ngasikhathi sinye unake i-achillu eshisayo ethandekayo. Abashadikazi bahlukaniswa lapho ingane ineminyaka emithathu. UNiccolo uzuze ukugada kuphela ngengane.
Naphezu kothando lwezindawo zothando, wabopha owesifazane oyedwa kuphela - u-Eleonore de Luka. Kusukela ebusheni nasekuvuthweni, le ndoda yavakashela othandekayo, owakwamukela kabi umngani ophahlazekile.
Ukushona
Ekwindla ka-1839, kwafika uPaganini ukuvakashela iGenoa, kepha lolu hambo lwalungelula. I-great Virtuoso itshele isifo sofuba, ngenxa yokuthi le ndoda yahlushwa ukukhwehlela nokuvuvukala kwemilenze. Ezinyangeni ezedlule ngaphambi kokufa, akazange aphume nendlu. Ngo-1840, lesi sifo sasidonswa uNiccolo, owayehamba emicubeni ye-violin yakhe ethandekayo eminweni yakhe, engakwazi ukukhulisa umnsalo. Ngawo lowo nyaka, umculi omkhulu wafa.
Ngokwesinye sezinguqulo, amakholwa esonto ayenqatshelwe ukukhaphela umzimba womhlaba ngenxa yokuthi le ndoda ayivumanga ngaphambi kokufa. U-Paganini wasuka, futhi inhlama yagcina u-Eleonora de Luka. Kusuka komunye umthombo, kulandela ukuthi uNiccolo wangcwatshwa eVal-Polcheyver, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-19, u-Achilles wenza ukungcwatshwa kwezinsalela zikaYise osemathuneni amathuna.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Ngo-2013, kwadedelwa imininingwane "ababhali bakaDeveli" kwizikrini, yadalwa yi-Biography kaPaganini.
- Bengazi ukuthi "khuluma kanjani" izintambo.
- Wayethanda ukugembula, eshiya imali yokugcina ezindaweni zokugembula.
- Kutholwe ekhonsathini ekhombisa ukuthi abanye abalaleli balahlekelwa ukuqaphela.
- I-violin eyodwa yangena esikhundleni se-orchestra.
- Kwenqabile ngokwezigaba ukubhala amaHubo.
- IngeyeNhlangano yeMasonov.
- Akazange abhale imibhalo yakhe ephepheni
- Angizange ngiphazamise umdlalo uma izintambo ziqhuma nge-violin. Kwesinye isikhathi ngisho nentambo eyodwa yanele ukusebenza wobuciko wobuciko.
- Ngezwa ukuxabana okukhulu.
Ukwakhelekile
- 24 UCaprice we-violin solo, op.1, 1802-1817.
- Ama-Sonatas ayisithupha we-violin ne-guitar, op. 2.
- Ama-Sonatas ayisithupha we-violin nesiginci
- Ama-quarte ama-violin, ama-guitars, i-viola kanye ne-cello
- Amakhonsathi we-violin ngenombolo ye-orchestra 1-6
- Le sthegye.
- Isingeniso ngokuhlukahluka ngesihloko esithi "UNkulunkulu ugcina inkosi
- IVenice Carnival
- Concert Allegro Moto Perpeture
- Ukuhlukahluka ku-PI? Mesta.
- Ukuhluka ngesihloko di Tantialpipiti
- Ukuhluka okungu-60 Kuzo zonke izakhiwo ku-Genose Folk Song Barucaba
- Cantabil, MAHHALA
- I-Moto Perpetuo (ukunyakaza kwaphakade)
- I-Cantabil neWaltz
- Sonata for Big Alta