I-Biograge
USemen Dejnev - Earthroward, Cossack Ataman, odume ngocwaningo lwayo lweSiberia.
UDezhnev wazalelwa cishe ngo-1605, yize amazazi-mlando anawo amadokhumenti aqinisekisa leli qiniso. Mayelana nendawo yokuzalwa, imbewu ye-Ivanovich nayo ayikho isivumelwano. Ama-BioPhars amaningi ancike eqinisweni lokuthi uDejnev, njengabanye abanikazi bomhlaba (Vasily PoyArkov, Yerofee Khabarov, uVladimir Atlasov) wazalelwa eVeliky USTYTUG. Kuleli dolobha namuhla kuyisikhumbuzo esiya eDezhnevu.
Kodwa-ke, kunobufakazi bokuthi eMfuleni i-Pinege esifundeni sase-Arkhangelsk ngekhulu le-16 (noma ngaphambili), abalimi - uPomor Djnev, okusolwa ukuthi, izihlobo zembewu ye-Ataman ziphila.
UDezhnev wazalelwa emndenini womlimi olula futhi uSvrzlism wajoyina umsebenzi ohlukahlukene futhi onzima wawusebenza kahle, wafunda nabazali bakhe ngobuciko, wafunda ukutholakala kwesikhali, wakwazi ukufaka amagiya okudoba, wakwazi ukufaka amagiya okudoba kalula.
Ukucabha
Ngo-1630, baqasha abantu abakhululekile ukuba basebenze eSiberia. E-tobolsk, kwadingeka amadoda angama-500, awela phakathi kwawo kanye noDezhnev. Iphuzu lokwakhiwa kwezinto ezihlangene, ezathunyelwa emaphethelweni akude kwakuyi-Ustygug enkulu.
Ngezindawo ezihlanganisiwe enyakatho ye-Dali, kwathunyelwa izizathu ezahlukahlukene: Abaningi bakhanga isifiso sokuba ngumtholo, abanye babonisa okuhlangenwe nakho okunomusa omkhulu wengcebo yeSiberia. Cishe wonke umuntu wayenethemba lokuthi le nsizakalo izokulethela ingcebo.
Insizakalo ngo-1630-1638. Ku-tobolsk ne-yenisesk, lapho imbewu ye-Ivanovich yadluliselwa khona kamuva, uDezhneva waletha namaphayona, kamuva abe ngabangane bakhe kamuva esifundweni nasekuthuthukisweni kwezindawo ezintsha.
Ngo-1639, uDezhhnev wakhombisa amakhono angabhalisiwe e-Orguty eVorkol, enqoba khona iSikhulu Esivukelayo SaseSacha, owanqaba ukukhokha i-Yasak (intela yemvelo) kubaphathi baseRussia, naphezu kwesivumelwano esinokuthula. Izindawo ezintathu ezinesibindi ezithunyelwe kulo mhlakazi zabulawa ngobuqili. UDezhnev uphinde wazama ukugwema ukuchitheka kwegazi, walingisa ubudlelwano obuhle nenkosazana - ngenxa yalokho, kwagcwaliseka i-oda elinzima.
Ngo-1641, phakathi kwabantu abangu-14, ngaphansi kobuholi bakaMikhail Stadukhina, uDezhhnev waya e-Oymyakon ukuyobutha i-Yasak kusuka ezikhathini nasezi-Yakelits. Kulotshwe okuningi mayelana ne-stadkin kanye nama-frictions abo nge-dejno, futhi kwifilimu ka-1984 yaseSoviet "Semen Dezhnev" Mikhailo futhi nakancane kubonakala kumbukeli ngombulali oqashiwe. Kepha ungakhohlwa ukuthi uStadichin wayenobuntu obuvelele, futhi umnikelo wawo ekutholeni indawo yaseRussia ubalulekile.
Njengoba usunendlela enzima emikhunjini ephezulu ye-Verkhoyansky Ridge futhi uza eMfuleni i-Onekhoyansky futhi afike e-Stadukhina Detachment ezwakala engowasekhaya enoMfula othile ogcwele wamanzi (kolyma). Lapho behla bengakhonjiswa, abahambi olwandle babekwa icala emlonyeni woMfula ongaqondakali, baba abatholayo.
Ngo-1647, uDezhhnev waqokwa ku-Expedition Fedkseeva's Expedition (Popova noma iHolmogorz), kepha ukuzama ukubhukuda emabhange eChukotka akuphumelelanga.
NgoJuni 1648, uDezhnev no-Alekseev bathatha umzamo wesibili wokuxoshwa: Kusuka emlonyeni we-kolyma (imikhumbi ngomkhumbi), abacwaningi bangena emlonyeni we-anadyr, kunokwehla kwezwe lase-Asia neMelika ". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uPopov wahamba ngezinyawo nomkakhe-uYakutka, owaba ngowesifazane wokuqala ezweni, owabamba iqhaza ekuhambeni kwePolar.
Cape in the berting stark, abahambi ngomkhumbi bahamba nalapho babize "amatshe amakhulu ekhala", kuyiphuzu elisenyakatho-mpumalanga ye-Asia - kamuva wabiza uDezhnev Cape. Kunomqondo wokuthi uSekela u-Ivanovich wafika e-Alaska, eyayikwazi ukuthwala amatilosi anesibindi.
Cishe bangu-90 abantu ababambe iqhaza emkhankasweni, abaningi babo bafa ngamagagasi avuthayo. Umkhumbi kaPopova uthwalwa ogwini lwe-kamchatka, lapho kamuva umthengisi abulawa khona e-zing. Ngo-Okthoba 1, ama-morecode angama-24 asele, uDezhhnev wafika eningizimu ye-Anader ngomlomo wafinyelela emlonyeni womfula. Kamuva, uDezhnev wakha umdwebo we-anadyr, echazwe ngokuningiliziwe ukubhukuda emfuleni kanye nohlobo lwesifunda futhi watshelwa ngama-Eskimos ahlala ogwini lwe-Chukotka peninsula naseziqhingini ezingomakhelwane.
Ngemuva kwenkonzo yeminyaka eyi-11 ku-Anadyr, ekwindla ka-1650, uDezhnev wazama ukufika ePenzhina River (Kamchatka Territory) wabuyela emuva. Eminyakeni eyodwa nengxenye kamuva, uDejnev wavula i-fanhead enkulu yasolwandle endaweni engajulile (corgi) endaweni ka-Anadyr. Ukukhiqizwa kwethambo le-walrus kwakuwumthombo oqinile wezimali, obekungeke kushiwo ngoboya.
Ngo-1654, i-biography imbewu ka-Ivanovich yagcwaliswa ngemikhankaso emibili - kuma-chudans (izakhamuzi zendabuko zaseChukotka) naseKoryakov (izakhamizi zomdabu zaseKamchatka). Ngesikhathi sokushaqeka nge-dezhnev yokuqala, shaya ummese esifubeni. Uhambo lwesibili lwaludingeka, ngoba iKoryaki yakhetha i-walruss 'e-Russian Corge ", iba ngabancintisana nabo ngqo.
Kusukela ngo-1662, uDezhnev wenza ama-thranies amade amathathu: ukusuka e-Yakutsk eMoscow nasemuva, khona-ke eminyakeni emi-4 kamuva enhlokodolobha, lapho umcwaningi engabuyi khona.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UDezhhev wayengafundile, ngakho abanye abantu babhalela ukubaluleka kwakhe kuye - babuzwa i-Ataman uma kunesidingo.
Kwakunabafazi abambalwa baseRussia eYakutia, ngakho-ke izinceku ezivame ukushada. Ngakho-ke uDejnev wayeshade kabili - bobabili abashade bakhe babeyi-jacket. Unkosikazi wokuqala we-navigator waba yi-Abelaiwa Sichu, owamnika indodana yothandekayo wakhe - ngemuva kwalokho wakhonza eYakutskaya Voivodehip. Mhlawumbe, uDejnev ulethe uHichu eYana River noma wayeqhamuka ema-lensky yakuts. Azikho idatha enembile kulokhu. Yaziwa kuphela ukuthi ngaphambi kokusuka koshade naye emkhankasweni olandelayo, usuku lwase-Abay lwabhapathizwa kulo mpristi wendawo ngathola igama lama-Orthodox.
AbakaYwa, ngokusobala, usevele washonile lapho uDezhnev ebuya eMoscow ngo-1666, ngakho umninindlu wathatha umkakhe umfelokazi wababhubhana, i-cantemine (droplet). Owesifazane wayesekhulile, emshadweni wakhe wokuqala wayenendodana u-Osip. Ngalezo zinsuku zomfelokazi ngokushesha, washada wavulwa kabusha, naphezu kweminyaka nezingane.
Ifa elivela emblassmith lahlala ethengiswayo - iBembel esiqhingini esiseduze naseYakutsk. UDezhnev wathembisa ukunakekela izinyathelo futhi ulandele umnotho. Emshadweni wesibili, indodana ka-Athanasius yazalelwa imbewu ka-Ivanovich, okulandelayo, njengoYise, wakhonza ku-Anader. Kukhulunywa nge-pelagya ethile emibhalweni ehlukahlukene - izazi-mlando ziyaqinisekisa ukuthi lokhu akuphathelene nowesifazane wesithathu kaDezhnev. I-Pelagia - igama lobuKristu, elaphikwa ngentambo ngesikhathi sokubhapathizwa.
Mhlawumbe, uDejnev, njengezinceku eziningi, ngenxa yalabo bafazi bakwaYakut nezihlobo zabo bangaziveza ngokukhululekile ngolimi lwabo, okwamsiza emikhankasweni.
Ukushona
Ngo-1671, ngemuva kwenkonzo elandelayo, uDezhhev waya eMoscow. Kodwa-ke, iminyaka eminingi yokuhlolwa okunamandla okubandayo nokulamba, ukuhamba kanzima ebusika nasehlobo, kanye namanxeba amaningi anciphise impilo yembewu ye-Ivanovich. Enhlokodolobha, wayegula kakhulu, asikwazanga ukubuyela emuva emuva eYakutia.
EMoscow, umcwaningi waphila isikhathi esingangonyaka futhi ekuqaleni kuka-1673 washona - lokhu kwathiwa "encwadini ephithizelayo" yomholo we-Yakuttsk yenkonzo. Ngesikhathi sokufa, uDezhnev wayeneminyaka engaba ngu-70 ubudala, cishe amashumi amahlanu abo achitha ekubhukuda nasemikhankasweni.
Lapho umzimba we-Ataman uphumule khona, akwaziwa. Ngekhulu le-17, eMoscow, akuzange kuthathwe ukwenza amathuna amakhulu ajwayelekile - umufi wangcwatshwa eduze kwamasonto ePherishi, futhi kwakukhona amathempeli amaningi enhlokodolobha.
Ukuvula nokufeza
- wavula umfula i-kolyma;
- kwavula ubunzima behlukanisa izwe amabili;
- Okokuqala kwadlula e-Arctic Ocean bathule;
- Wavula umfula i-Anadyr futhi wafunda echibini lakhe;
- Wafunda isiqephu esisempumalanga ye-Asia.