I-Onor de Balzac - Biography, Photo, Impilo Yakho, I-Bibliography, iyasebenza

I-Biograge

I-Onor de Balzac ngumlobi waseFrance kanye nenye yeProsakov enhle kakhulu. I-biography yoMsunguli weqiniso ifana neziza zemisebenzi yayo - izisusa ezinzima, izimo ezingaqondakali, impumelelo enkulu futhi impumelelo.

NgoMeyi 20, 1799, ingane yazalelwa emndenini olula eFrance (uhambo lwedolobha) emndenini olula, kamuva owaba ngubaba wenoveli yemvelo. Ubaba Bernard Francois Balssa waba nemfundo yezomthetho, wenza umsebenzi wezebhizinisi, ethengisa amazwe ezinhlamvu ezimpofu neziphukile. Abaphathi abanjalo bamlethela inzuzo, ngakho-ke uFrancois wanquma ukuguqula isibongo sakhe sendabuko ukuba 'sisondele' ku-Intelligentsia. Njengesihlobo ", iBalsalsa yakhetha umbhali - UJean-Louis Gez de Balzac.

Umama we-ONor, u-Anne-Charlotte Laura Salgay, wayenezimpande ze-aristocracy futhi wayeneminyaka engama-30 ubudala kunomyeni wakhe, wamlalela impilo, emnandi, inkululeko nabesilisa. Izithandwa azikufihla umngane womshado. U-Ana wayenengane ethosiwe eyaqala ukukhombisa ukunakekelwa okwengeziwe kunomlobi wesikhathi esizayo. Ukunakekelwa kwe-Odore kwaqamba ama-coral, kwathi ngemuva kokuthunyelwa umfana ukuba ayohlala endlini ebilisiwe. Ubuntwana bothando lwe-leve kunzima ukubiza amagama amahle futhi alulane nezinkinga nezingcindezi ezinolwazi kamuva bazibonakalisa emisebenzini.

Abazali bafisa ukuthi i-balzac ukuthola umsebenzi wommeli, ngakho-ke indodana yabo ekolishi laseWandom libe nokukhetha okungokomthetho. Isikhungo semfundo sasidume ngesiyalo esiqinile, imihlangano yabathandekayo yavunyelwa amaholide kaKhisimusi kuphela. Umfana akavami ukulandela imithetho yasendaweni, lapho ayethole idumela lomphangi futhi angagudluki.

Lapho eneminyaka engu-12 ubudala, u-Onor de Balzac wabhala umsebenzi wezingane wokuqala, lapho ofunda nabo ehleka ngawo. Umlobi omncane ufunda izincwadi zama-French Classics, ahlanganiswe izinkondlo, imidlalo. Ngeshwa, imibhalo yesandla yezingane zakhe ayikwazanga ukugcinwa, othisha besikole benqabela ingane ukuthi ikhule bobulukhuni, futhi ngolunye usuku kwashiswa enye yezindatshana zakhe zokuqala "Indlela eyayizokwenza."

Ubunzima obuhambisana nokuxhumana phakathi kontanga, nothisha, ukuntuleka kokunakwa kwakuwukubonakala kwezifo ezivela kumfana. Lapho eneminyaka engu-14 ubudala, umndeni wathatha ingane egula kakhulu ekhaya. Kwakungekho ithuba lokubuyisa. Kulesi simo wachitha iminyaka eminingana, kodwa nokho waphuma

Ngo-1816, abazali bakaBalzak bathuthela eParis, futhi lapho umlobizi omncane waqhubeka waqhubeka nokufunda kwakhe esikoleni. Ngokubambisana nokutadisha kwesayensi, ohore uthole umsebenzi njengomabhalane ehhovisi lase-notarial, kodwa akazange athole injabulo kulokhu. Izincwadi Manila Balzac njengezibuthe, khona-ke uBaba wanquma ukusekela indodana yakhe endaweni yokubhala.

UFrancois wamthembisa imali iminyaka emibili. Ngalesi sikhathi, i-ONOR kufanele ikhombise amandla okwenza imali ebhizinisini lakhe elithandekayo. Kuze kube ngu-1823, i-balzac yadala amavolumu ayi-20 emisebenzi, kepha iningi lazo lilindele ukwehluleka. Usizi lakhe lokuqala "Cromell" lwalugxekwa kanzima, futhi kamuva uBalsac ngokwakhe wabiza ubuhlakani obuncane ngephutha.

Into yokufunda

Emisebenzini yokuqala, i-balzac izame ukulandela imfashini yemibhalo, yabhala ngothando, yahlanganyela emisebenzini yokushicilela, kepha ayiphumelelanga (1825-1828). Umlobi wombhali olandelayo wathonya izincwadi zikaV. Scott, ezilotshwe ngomoya wezothando lomlando.

Ngemuva kwalokho (1820-1-1830) Abalobi basebenzise izinhlobo ezimbili kuphela eziphambili:

1. I-Romanticism kaSontu, okuhloswe ngayo ukufeza amaqhawe, njengeRobinson Crusoe.
2. Impilo nezinkinga zeqhawe lenoveli ezihambisana nesizungu salo.

Ukufunda kabusha imisebenzi yababhali abaphumelelayo, i-balzac inqume ukusuka enoveli yomuntu, ukuthola okuthile okusha. "Indima enkulu" yemisebenzi yakhe yaqala ukwenza ubuntu obuqhawe, kepha umphakathi uwonke. Kulokhu, inhlangano yesimo songcwabo sanamuhla sesimo sendabuko sakhe.

Ngo-1834, i-Onoro yakha umsebenzi, okuhloswe ngayo ukukhombisa "ukupenda kwezimilo" zalesosikhathi "zayo yonke impilo yakhe yonke. Le ncwadi ngemuva kwalokho yabizwa ngegama elithi "Amahlaya Omuntu". Umqondo we-balzak kwakuwukudala umlando wefilosofi wefilosofi waseFrance, i.e. Lokho izwe elibe yilo lonke izwe, kusinda ekuvuseleleni.

Ukushicilelwa kwemibhalo kuqukethe izingxenye eziningana, kufaka phakathi uhlu lwendatshana ehlukene:

1. "Ama-ettes mayelana ne-NRAVAKH" (iminyango engu-6).
2. "Izifundo zefilosofi" (22 imisebenzi).
3. "Izifundo zokuhlaziya" (Umsebenzi ongu-1 esikhundleni sombhali ohlelwe ngo-5).

Le ncwadi ingabizwa ngokuthi yingcweti yobuciko. Kuchaza abantu abajwayelekile, ubuchwepheshe bamaqhawe emisebenzi nendima yabo emphakathini bayaphawulwa. "Amahlaya abantu" agcwele amaqiniso anomqondo ongabonakali, konke kuvela empilweni, konke ngenhliziyo yomuntu.

Umsebenzi

Onor de Balzac ekugcineni kwakha izikhundla zempilo emkhakheni wobuvikeli ngemuva kokubhala imisebenzi elandelayo:

• Gobsek (1830). Ekuqaleni, indatshana yayinelinye igama - "ingozi yokuphazamisa." Nazi izimfanelo ezikhanyisiwe: ukuhaha nokuhaha, kanye nethonya labo esiphelweni samaqhawe.
• "SHAGIEN SKIS" (1831) - Lo msebenzi waletha impumelelo kumlobi. Le ncwadi igxile ngezici zothando nefilosofi. Ichaza ngokuningiliziwe imibuzo yempilo nezisombululo ezingaba khona.
• "Owesifazane oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu" (1842). I-heroine eyinhloko yombhali inezakhiwo ezinhle kakhulu ezihlangene ezinhlamvwini, ihola impilo ephuma ephuzwini lokubuka, kunokuba ikhombisa abafundi ngamaphutha abathinta kabi abanye abantu. Lapha i-balzac Mudro ibeka imicabango ngomqondo womuntu.

• "Ukulahlekelwa okulahlekile" (ukushicilelwa kwezingxenye ezintathu ze-1836-1842). Kule ncwadi, munye, njengokuhlala kunjalo, ukwazile ukusondela yonke imininingwane, kwakha isithombe sempilo yokuziphatha yezakhamizi zaseFrance. Kuboniswe ngokugqamile emsebenzini: Ubuntu be-egoism, inkanuko yamandla, ingcebo, ukuzethemba.
• I- "Glitter and Post Kurtyzanok" (1838-1847). Le noveli ayisho ngempilo yamakhethini aseParis, njengoba ekuqaleni ibonwa egameni lakhe, kepha mayelana nomzabalazo womphakathi wezwe kanye nobugebengu. Omunye umsebenzi omuhle kakhulu ofakwe "e-Multi-District" Human Comedy ".
• Ubuqambi kanye ne-biography ye-Oneolor de Balzac kungenye yamandla okufunda izinto ezikoleni ezikoleni zamazwe ngokwezemfundo.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Ungabhala inoveli ehlukile ngempilo yomuntu siqu ye-Great Honore de Balzak, ukushayela lokho okungaphumelelanga. Ngiseyingane, umlobi omncane wethule uthando lwabesifazane futhi impilo eyaziyo yayifuna ukunakekelwa, ukunakwa nobumnene kwabanye abesifazane. Wayevame ukuthandana nezintokazi ezindala kakhulu kunakhe.

Umlobi omkhulu wekhulu le-19 kwakungeyona indoda ebukekayo, njengoba kungabonakala esithombeni. Kepha wayenobuhlakani obuhle, ama-charm, akwazi ukunqoba izintokazi ezikhukhumani ezikhukhumezayo emthonjeni olula we-monologal kuphela wedwa kuphela nge-replica.

Owesifazane wakhe wokuqala waba nguNkk Laura de Bernie. Wayeneminyaka engama-40 ubudala. Kwakusemncane kunina, futhi, mhlawumbe, wakwazi ukuyifaka esikhundleni sayo, waba intombi ethembekile neseluleko. Ngemuva kokuqhekeka kwenoveli yabo, owayezithandayo bagcina ubudlelwano obunobungane, izincwadi ezisekelwe kuze kube sekufeni.

Lapho umlobi ezuze impumelelo kubafundi, waqala ukuthola amakhulukhulu ezincwadi avela kwabesifazane ahlukahlukene, futhi uma i-balsac yathola indatshana yentombazane engaqondakali ethandwa yithalente lobuhlakani. Izincwadi zakhe ezalandela zaphenduka ukuqashelwa okucacile othandweni. Isikhathi esithile, i-osor ihambisane nomuntu ongaziwa, kwathi ngemuva kokuhlangana eSwitzerland. Le ntokazi yaqala ukuba ishade ukuthi ayinamahloni ngumlobi.

Umfokazi wabizwa ngokuthi u-Evelina Ganskaya. Wayehlakaniphile, emuhle, eneminyaka engama-32) futhi wamthanda ngokushesha umbhali. Emva kokuba uBalzak wabela lo wesifazane isihloko sothando olukhulu empilweni yakhe.

Abathandi bekungakaze babonana, kepha bavame ukubhala kabusha, bakha amacebo ngekusasa, ngoba Umyeni ka-Evelina wayeneminyaka engu-17 ubudala futhi ngasiphi isikhathi angashiya impilo. Ukuba nothando oluqotho enhliziyweni ukuya eGanskaya, umbhali akazange azigcine ethanda abanye besifazane.

Lapho kufa ivesi laseVerzslav Ghanae, u-Evelina wagibela iBalzac, ngoba umshado noFrenchman wasongela ukwahlukana kwakhe nendodakazi yakhe (usongo lukaNicholas I), kepha ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa wamema eRussia (indawo yakhe yokuhlala).

Eminyakeni engu-17 kuphela emva kokuqomisana kwakhe, lo mbhangqwana wawushadile (ngo-1850). Ngemuva kwalokho u-Onor wabe eseneminyaka engu-51 futhi wayeyindoda ejabule kunabo bonke emhlabeni, kodwa yehluleka ukuphila impilo yomshado.

Ukushona

Umlobi onekhono angafa eneminyaka eyi-43 lapho kuqala ukunqoba izifo ezahlukahlukene, kepha ngenxa yesifiso sokuthanda nokuthandwa ngu-Evelyn, wagcina.

Empeleni ngokushesha nje ngemuva komshado, uGanskaya waphenduka umhlengikazi. Odokotela bavikele ukuxilongwa okubi kakhulu kwe-hypertrophy yenhliziyo. Umlobi akakwazanga ukuhamba, abhale afunde nezincwadi. Owesifazane akazange ashiye umngane womshado, efuna ukugcwalisa izinsuku zakhe zokugcina ekuthuleni, anakekele nothando.

Ngo-Agasti 18, 1950, uBalzac wafa. Ngemuva kwakhe, washiya umkakhe ifa elingenakugwemeka - izikweletu ezinkulu. U-Evelina wathengisa yonke impahla yawo eRussia ukuba akhokhe kanye nabo futhi wahamba nendodakazi yakhe eParis. Lapho, umfelokazi adale ukugada phezu kukamama wePropari kanye neminyaka engama-30 esele yokuphila kwakhe enikelwe ekulweni kwemisebenzi yesithandwa.

I-Bibliography

• I-Shuana, noma i-Brittany ngo-1799 (1829).
• Isikhumba se-SHAGIEL (1831).
• ULouis Lambert (1832).
• I-Banker House nsensen (1838).
• UBeatrice (1839).
• Unkosikazi ongasekho (1834).
• Ukonga izibali (1834).
• Isangoma (1834).
• Uthando Ukuphikelela (1834).
• Rassowing berth (1834).
• Naivety (1834).
• UFachino Cana (1836).
• Izimfihlo zePrinjean de Cadignan (1839).
• Utshani bePierre (1840).
• Imfundisomo yokucabanga (1841).