I-Biograge
Ukuhamba kwemindeni ephansi yomndeni ophansi uJoseph Goebbels kwaba ngenye yezibalo ezibonakalayo zezepolitiki zekhulu lama-20, ezisabhala izincwadi ("Prelude Barbarossa"), amafilimu ayasuswa. Impilo ebuthakathaka ye-Goebbels yayingayala isixuku ngegama linye, athola ngalo umbusi omkhulu weReich wayo.Ubuntwana nentsha
IGuelteiter yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa ngo-Okthoba 29 eJalimane, ekuhlaseleni, idolobha elincane lohlobo lwezimboni. Emndenini wezimbubbeli kwakungekho baholi bamandla futhi abantu abathambekele kwezepolitiki.
Ubaba kaJoseph Friedrich wasebenza njengesisebenzi emafektri eLamp, wabe esehlanganyela eMnyangweni We-Accounting, futhi umama kaMariya wahola umkhaya futhi wakhuphula ingane, ngaphandle kukaJosef emndenini: amadodana amabili futhi amadodakazi amathathu. UMaria wayengowokuzalwa eHolland futhi wayengenayo imfundo yamabanga aphansi, ngakho-ke kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe ekhuluma ngolimi lwesiSpainral German.
Abantu abayisikhombisa baphila ezimweni ezixubile, kwesinye isikhathi bashone nemali yokudla, ngoba uFriedrich wayewukuphela kondla.
Ngakho-ke, kusukela ebuntwaneni obusencane, uJosef wagcotshwa ngenxa yokungabi nabulungisa emhlabeni: Ucebile unemali eningi futhi wakha umsebenzi wabasebenzi abajwayelekile, okwakunomndeni wenqubomgomo yesikhathi esizayo.
Ku-Genus Goebbels kwakungekho aristocrats kanye nobuntu obuvelele. Ama-Goebbels mathupha ashicilela isihlahla sawo sohlu lozalo, akhophise amahlebezi amaJuda ayeseGuges Genust.
Umndeni lapho uJosefa wavuka wahlukaniswa khona ubukhulu, ubaba noMama bezinqubomgomo zesikhathi esizayo bazisho bathane bakhuluma amaKatolika futhi bakhuluma nendodana yakhe ekwenzeni iosiko. UFriedrich wafundisa izingane ukuthi impumelelo empilweni ingatholwa ngenxa yokuncipha nokuzikhandla, ngakho-ke uJoseph selokhu ubuntwana babona ukuthi hlobo luni lokonga, nokuthi lwaluyini ukumphika ngokunethezeka.
Uhlangane nekusasa lika-Adolf Hitler wavuka ingane ebuhlungu, wayenempilo ebuthaka, wasinda ekuvuvukeni kwamaphaphu, okungaphela ngomphumela obulalayo. Ngokunokwenzeka, le nsizwa yabanda ngenxa yokuthi endlini yemindeni yezimbumbane ngenxa yokuntuleka kwemali kwakungekho ukufudumala.
Lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-4 ubudala, wasinda ekuguleni okungathi sína - ukuvuvukala okuhlanzayo ethanjeni lethambo: i-osteomyelitis yaholela eqinisweni lokuthi le nsizwa yaqala ukukhotha: umlenze waba mfushane kumasentimitha ayishumi ngenxa yokusebenza okhalweni.
Edaminiyaneni ye-biographical, izimbungulu zikhumbule ukuthi ontanga bebengamthandi ngenxa yoshintsho lomlenze ofanele, ngakho-ke umfana omncane wayeyedwa futhi wayevame ukudlalwa epiyano, ngoba ingane yayingenabo abangane.
Yize umndeni kaDkt Goebbells wayeyikholwa, uJosefa waqala ukubhekisisa noma yikuphi ukubonakaliswa kwenkolo, lokhu kwaqhutshwa ngokugula kwakhe. Le nsizwa yayikholelwa ukuthi ingabe iphansi ngokomqondo ngokungafanele, futhi ngenxa yalokho kwakungekho mandla aphakeme. Ukukhohlisa, ukungabaza kanye neCornpiece - Lezi zici zomlingiswa zithuthukiswe kumfana kusukela esemncane.
Kamuva, ukulimala kwadlale nokuziqhenya kwalo mntwana kaJosef, kusukela phakathi kwempi yezwe yokuqala, ngenxa yokulimala kwakhe emzimbeni, ngenxa yokulimala kwakhe emzimbeni, ngokungafani nontanga, eyayiyiminyaka eyi-16-17 mdala. Izimbubbels zacabanga ngalesi simo ngehlazo eliyinhloko empilweni, futhi ngaphandle kwalokho zizijabulise ngazo zonke izindlela ukuze zihlaze uJosef.
Induduzo evela kwisizungu sezimbubles ikhala ezincwadini: Usopolitiki wesikhathi esizayo ebuntwaneni ubuqonda futhi ngenkuthalo izincwadi. Ngaphezu kwezincwadi, izintandokazi zikaJosef osemusha zaziyinganekwane yasendulo nolimi lwasendulo lwesiGreek.
UGoebbels wafunda kwesinye sezikole ezinhle kakhulu ze-redt futhi wazimisa njengomfundi ohlakaniphile, owanikezwa noma yiziphi izinto.
Ngemuva kokuphothula iziqu e-Gymnasium, ama-goebbels afunda izinto ezise-Univents Bonn, eWürzburg, eFreiburg naseMunich. Inhlangano yamaKatolika egama lingu-Albert Great, lapho abazali beGoebbels babekhona, bakhipha imali mboleko enesithakazelo kubantu abasha bakhe: UMaria noFriedrich babefuna ukuba yindodana yabo babe ngumfundisi.
Kodwa-ke, umfundi wenqaba isifiso sabazali futhi akazange ahlanganyele ngenkuthalo ekwenzeni imfundiso yezenkolo: izimbungulu, izincwadi ezincane zazithanda iPhilology, umlando, izincwadi kanye nezinye izinto zokusiza abantu. Omunye wababhali abayintandokazi ye-Powl yi-dostoevsky. Osopolitiki ngokwakhe kamuva wabizwa ngokuthi yisazi sefilosofi saseRussia "ubaba ongokomoya." Kodwa-ke, akumangazi, ngoba empilweni yezimbungulu kufana nezinhlamvu zemisebenzi kaFyodor Mikhailovich.
Ebusheni bentsha uPowl Joseph Goebbels baphupha ngokuthola imfundo yentatheli futhi bazame ensimini ebhaliwe njengembongi kanye nembobo yokudlala. Ehlobo lika-1919, uJoseph waqala umsebenzi endabeni yokuqala ye-autobiographical "eneminyaka emisha yaseMichael forman."
E-University of the gerprecht neKarl, etholakala eDolobheni laseHeidelberg, izimbungulu zivikela ukuhlukaniswa kobudokotela ekwakheni iWilhelm von Schutz. Kamuva, uGauliter ecaleni elikahle aqhosha lokhu kufezeka, futhi abaningi bakhe babizwa ngokuthi uDkt Goebbels.
Umsebenzi wamaNazi
Imisebenzi yombhali kaMbhali wesikhathi esizayo sikaHitler ayizange azihlele, uPawulu uzama ukushicilela imisebenzi, kepha le mizamo ayithwenywa umqhele ngempumelelo.
Ithonsi lokugcina lokubekezela lezimbubhebbels yile ndawo yaseshashalazini lenqatshiwe ukubeka ukubeka imizwa nokudlala okumnandi nguDer Wander (okusho ukuthi "iWanderer") yabhalwa nguJosef.
Ngenxa yale micimbi, izimbumbane zinqume ukuthi wayengekho endleleni nezincwadi, futhi athande izinhloso zezepolitiki.
Ngakho-ke ngo-1922, uJoseph usondelene nephiko lesobunxele leqembu likazwelonke lezenhlalo laseSocialist, lapho ngesikhathi sihola u-Otto Straser.
Ngo-1924, uDkt Goebbels uzizwa ebuntantazini, iba ngumhleli wephephandaba le-Propaganda völkische Freiheit, futhi ekwindla ka-1925 uPaul Joseph esebenza "owesilisa ophilayo, ogxile ezungeze abafowethu abaphrintiwe. . Ngesikhathi somsebenzi wokuhlela wezimbumbane ezungeze i-Adolf Hitler, inkazimulo yenqubomgomo embi yahamba, ikakhulukazi ngemuva komzamo ongaphumelelanga wokuthwebula amandla wombuso (ukudonsa kukabhiya, ngo-1923).
Ngakho-ke, ekuqaleni uJosefa wenziwa obala ezihlokweni zakhe ngokumelene neFühluli, embiza ngokuthi "incekukazi": Ekuqaleni, incekukazi eyayinenhlalo neyesigaba esithembekile, yathuthumela e-USSR, yaqhaqhazela leli lizwe.
Emhlanganweni onamahora amabili eBamberg ngo-1926, owayezinikele ekugxekeni kwezwe lomxhasi, uHitler wakugxeka ubuhlalu, wamtshela ukuthi bangokombono eziyisikhombisa, futhi bavikele futhi bavikele iphuzu lokubuka kumaJalimane kuye kwaSmexi . Inkulumo kaHitler yadumaza izimbungulu, ayibhala ngayo kudayari yakhe.
UHitler wazama ukususa udokotela ekubukeni kwakhe komhlaba wonke, futhi ngokushesha leli future liphumelele: Ngemuva kokujwayelana nothando lwayo lweqembu, futhi mayelana nothando lwangaphambili lweSoviet Union futhi luzama ukuthula kube bonke.
Eminyakeni embalwa kamuva, ukuba yisibalo seqembu, izimbungulu zibuyela kumlobi, ziguqula le ndaba "uMikhael" futhi ziqede "ukudlala" kwethanga "kwaboniswa eBerlin ekwindla ka-1927. Okuwukuphela kwendlela engazange igxeke i-der uzulamule kwakuyiphephandaba le-der angriff, elalingaphansi kokuholwa nguJoseph.
Inkolelo-ze YeNgqongqoshe
Umqondo wenkulumo-ze yamaNazi weza kuHitler ngemuva kwemicimbi ye-Beer Coupon ngawo-1920s. Ukuba sesitokisini, i-Führer ibhala incwadi ethi Mein Kampf ("Umzabalazo wami"), okubonisa isimo esingokomoya sika-Adolf. Ngokusekelwe kulolu hlelo, ngoMashi 11, 1933, uReichskanzler wanquma ukudala umnyango wombuso wokukhanyiselwa kwabantu kanye nenkulumo-ze, lapho uJoseph Gorebbels waba yinto esemqoka.
Impumelelo yemibono yamaNazi phakathi kwamaJalimane yayingenxa ka-Ortilliant Ortiry of the Party, kanye nabezindaba. Izinto zokuzilibazisa zentsha nezincwadi zobuntatheli zafika kuJosef zizohambisa. Ngenxa yokuqondakala kwengqondo kanye nekhono lokubonisa imicabango yama-goebbels lwazi ukuthi ukwenza kanjani isixuku siphakamise izandla zakhe phezulu ngokubika kwe- "Heil Hitler!"
UPawulu wayekholelwa ukuthi inani labantu bakudala lomgwaqo lithanda ukulalela, kunokuba likhulume, futhi baziveze abantu abajwayelekile badinga ulimi olulula futhi oluqondakalayo, kwesinye isikhathi liphindaphinda isitatimende esifanayo.
"I-Propaganda kufanele ithandwe, hhayi emnandi ngokwengqondo. Ukufuna iqiniso lobuhlakani akufakwanga emisebenzini ye-Propaganda, "kusho uPolitiki waseJalimane.Ngenxa yezinkulumo zeBoebbels emigwaqweni yaseJalimane kwakukhona izimpi ezinegazi phakathi kwamaKhomanisi kanye noSocialists National Socialists. NgoJanuwari 14, 1930, iNdodana yompristi kaHorst, yalimala ngokudutshulwa ekhanda leqembu lamaKhomanisi ("Union of Red Frovikov"). Lezi zindaba zajabula ngezimbungulu, ngoba ngenxa yolwazi mayelana nolwazi mayelana nabezindaba zakhe, uJoseph wakwazi ukusetha umphakathi ngokumelene nezangaphandle - abalandeli beqembu lamaKhomanisi.
Ngosizo lukahulumeni wesine, izimbungulu zikhohlise abantu, zincome ubuNazi futhi zaxazulula amaJalimane ngokumelene namaJuda namaKhomanisi. Uma emazweni amaningi, ubuntatheli kwakuyithuluzi lezepolitiki kuphela, kwabe sekuzokwaJoseph umeteli abe yimithombo yakwaMaliedIed Adfified Power. Futhi akubanga nandaba ukuthi izakhamizi zaseJalimane zayazi ngemisebenzi eqondile ye-reich yesithathu, kodwa ngokuyisisekelo kwakungukuthi abantu bazoya umholi.
Eminye imizwa yokuthola izimbungulu: "Nginike abezindaba, futhi ngizokwenza umhlambi wezingulube kunoma yibaphi abantu," kodwa izazi-mlando zikholwa ukuthi uJosefa akazange akhulume.
IMpi Yezwe Yesibili
IGoebbels yasekela inqubomgomo ye-Fuhrer enolaka, lapho ebusika bango-1933 bakhuluma namabutho aseJalimane ahlomile ngesicelo sokunqoba insimu yasempumalanga kanye nokwephula izigameko ezinokuthula.Umsebenzi oyinhloko kaJoseph eMpini Yezwe II kwakuyinkulumo-ze elwa namaKhomanisi: Izinkulumo eziphefumulelwe zezinkolo: Kodwa-ke, izinkulumo zempi, kanye nezinkinga zezombuso, uJosefa akazange ahambe. Okungukuthi, uHitler wayengumholi wabantu baseJalimane, futhi uJoseph Goebbels uyisikhuthazo.
Ngo-1943, lapho amabutho amaFascist esongela ukwehlulwa, umbonisi wathi enkulumweni yomdala nge- "Impi ephelele", ebiza ukusebenzisa zonke izindlela ezitholakalayo ukusiza ukuwina.
Ngo-1944, uJosef waqokwa ikakhulukazi ekuhlanganiseni. Kepha, ngaphandle kwalesi sikhundla, izimbubhelcel zaqhubeka zisekela amasosha aseJalimane, zimemezela ukuthi wayebalindele ezweni lakubo ngisho nalapho behlulwa.
Ukuzwelongwa
Leli gama linezincazelo ezimbili, lincane futhi libanzi. Ngomqondo wokuqala, ukuQothulwa Kwesizwe kuhloswa ukushushiswa okukhulu nasekufeni kwamaJuda ahlala eJalimane; Ngomqondo obanzi, lo mqondo usho ukubhujiswa kwezinhlanga eziningi phakathi neMpi Yezwe II, okungeyona eyama-Aryans. Futhi amaNazi ashushiswa ngabantu abanephutha (ngokusho kwamaFascists): Amadoda amadala futhi akhubazekile.
UJoseph Goebbels waba usopolitiki wokuqala weReich Reich yesithathu, owathola ubutha bakhe be-anti-Semite. Izazi-mlando zididekile ngokuqagela, ukusuka lapho kuvela khona inzondo yamaJuda kummeleli wezethulo saseJalimane. Abanye bakholelwa ukuthi izimbumbulu zazingenalo ubuzwe kusukela ebuntwaneni. Abanye banethemba lokuthi uFanzi wakudala kaHitler wafuna ukuzinikela kuye konke: Ngemuva kokufika kwezepolitiki, uJoseph wafuna ku-Adolf ukuxazulula umbuzo wamaJuda. Inkinga yamaJuda kwakuxoxwa ngayo ngoHitler naseGoebbels cishe emhlanganweni ngamunye.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi izimbubles zaziphikisana naye, ngoba wenqaba ngokuphelele umbono wobandlululo lwesayensi.
Kwalinganiselwa ngo-1942 enhloko-dolobha yaseJalimane kwakukhona cishe izinkulungwane ezingama-62, ezazama ukushayela empumalanga. UJosefa wayazi ukuthi iningi lephiko elizondwa nguye lalibhujiswa futhi libhujiswa emakamu okuhlushwa, kepha ongumsakazo wayengamelene nale nqubomgomo, ecabanga ukuthi amaJuda akumele.
Ngokuyalela izimbungulu, izimfundiso zomompi wezenhlalo yaseMarx, izingelosi nabanye osopolitiki bashiswe kakhulu. Izincwadi zabalobi bokubhala nazo zazisemlilweni: UTolstoy, eGorky, Rollan, njll.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UPaul Josef Goebbels wayededele enhlekeleleni yakhe: inyonga neyendoda ephansi ngo-165 cm enamehlo e-yurt nekhala elide lazama ukukhulisa ukuzithemba kwakhe, okwakuvezwa ekukhathazekeni kwakhe ngokobulili.
NgoDisemba 19, 1931, izimbungulu zishada noMagde amthandayo, ezazikhuluma ngentshiseko uJosef. Lo mbhangqwana uzalelwa ezinganeni eziyisithupha. UHitler wavuma uMagdalene futhi wabheka intombi ehlobene nayo.
Umshado wezomthetho awuzange uphazamise ama-goebbels ajabulele umphakathi wabesifazane ohlangothini: Usopolitiki waseJalimane awukaqapheli embuthanweni wamantombazane okuziphatha okulula futhi uvame ukubamba iqhaza kuma-orgies.
Futhi, amaNazi ayethanda umlingisi waseCzech uLida Baarova, ophikisana nemibono yaseJalimane. Izimbungulu kwadingeka ukuthi zihlaze amalungu eqembu ngobuhlobo bakhe bothando.
Izimbubbeli ezesikhathi eziphila ngesikhathi zithi udokotela wayeyindoda ejabulisayo: Ezithombeni eziningi kanye ne-video footage, ama-goebbels awakufihli ukuhleka okuqotho. Kodwa-ke, uBrungulda Phezel, owayengunobhala kaJoseph, wakhumbula engxoxweni eyodwa yokuthi umuntu ongumhlakanzika wayengumuntu obandayo futhi ogqokile.
Ukushona
Ngo-Ephreli 18, 1945, izimbungulu zilahlekelwe yithemba lamarekhodi okugcina. Ngemuva kokunqotshwa kwebutho lobuFascist, umbusi weReich yesithathu ukhishwa ama-GBBELS, kanye nonkosikazi ka-Eva Brown. Ngokusho kweTestamente u-Adolf Joseph kwakuwukuba yiReichSkanzler.
Ukuzibulala kwama-Goebbels aholele ama-Goebsels akwethuse ngengqondo: Wazisola ukuthi iJalimane lalahlekelwa umuntu onjalo, futhi yathi izolandela isibonelo Sakhe.
Ngemuva kokushona kukaHitler, uJosef wayenethemba lokuphunyuka, kepha iSoviet Union yenqabile ukuya ezingxoxweni. Umsakazo ngokusakazeka kanye nezingane nowesifazane uMagda bathuthela ebhukibheni elisensimini yaseBerlin.
Entwasahlobo yango-1945 esifundeni saseBunker ngesicelo saseMagdalen, zonke izingane eziyisithupha zenziwa imijovo ye-morphine, futhi i-cyanide ibekwe emlonyeni. Ebusuku, ama-goebbels nomkakhe bahambile ngemuva kosawoti we-acid eliluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. Ngaphezu kwalokho ngokubulawa kwezingane nokuzibulala kwezikhukhula zezimbuzi. Akukho lutho olungaziwa: NgoMeyi 2, 1945, amasosha aseRussia atholakala ehlala abantu abayisikhombisa.
Amacaphuna
- "Inhloso yenguquko yezwe kufanele kube yisimo sombuso wobushiqela ukungena kuyo yonke imikhakha yempilo yomphakathi."
- "Sithululela isifungo esibandayo sokushaywa."
- "Umshiqela akudingeki ukulandela intando yabaningi. Kodwa-ke, kufanele akwazi ukusebenzisa intando yabantu. "
- "I-Propaganda ilahlekelwa amandla ngokushesha nje lapho icacile."
- "I-Jurisprudence iyinqubomgomo yokuthengisa yosopolitiki."