Rene Descartes - Biography, Photo, Impilo Yakho, Ifilosofi, Indlela Nokubonisana

I-Biograge

URené Descartes - I-Mathematian, isazi sefilosofi, isazi se-phyloologist, umakhenikha kanye ne-physicist, imibono yakhe kanye nokutholwa okunendima enkulu ekwakhiweni kwezimboni eziningana zesayensi ngasikhathi sinye. Waba nesibonakaliso se-algebraic, esisisebenzisayo kuze kube namuhla, waba ngubaba wejometri yokuhlaziya, wabeka izisekelo zokwakheka kwe-Reflexology, kwakhiwa inqubo ku-physics - futhi lokhu akuyona yonke impumelelo.

Ubuntwana nentsha

URene Descartes uvele edolobheni laseLa ngoMashi 31, 1596. Kamuva, igama laleli dolobha laqanjwa kabusha ama-decartes. Abazali bakaRena babengabameleli bakaNobeli wakudala, okuyikhulu le-XVI lincishiswe iziphetho. URena waba yindodana yesithathu emndenini. Lapho uDescarte eneminyaka eyi-1, umama washona ngokuzumayo. Ubaba wesayensi edumile edumile wasebenza njengejaji kwelinye idolobha, ngakho-ke akuvamisile wahambela izingane. Ngakho-ke, ngemuva kokufa kukamama, ugogo wathatha i-macarten-mncane.

Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala, uRene ukhombisile ilukuluku nesifiso sokufuna ukwazi. Kulokhu, wayenempilo entekenteke. Umfana wezemfundo wokuqala uthole ekolishi lamaJesuit laseLa Flash. Lesi sikhungo semfundo sahlukaniswa umbuso oqinile, kepha uDescarte, sicabangela isimo sempilo, sakwenza kule ndlela yokuphumula. Isibonelo, wayengavuka ngokuhamba kwesikhathi kunabanye abafundi.

Njengasemakolishi amaningi alesosikhathi, e-LA Flash, imfundo yayikholwa. Futhi yize ucwaningo lwalusho lukhulu lwe-Descartes esencane, ukuvezwa okunjalo kohlelo lwezemfundo lwaluka futhi kwaqinisa khona isimo sengqondo esibucayi mayelana neziphathimandla zefilosofi zalesosikhathi.

Njengoba usuqede izifundo zakhe ebhodini, uRené waya kubabungisi, lapho athola khona iziqu ze-bachelor. Ngemuva kwalokho wachitha isikhathi esithile enhlokodolobha yaseFrance, kwathi ngo-1617 wangena empini. I-Mathematics Ihlanganyele Ethangisweni Ensimini yaseHolland, ngenkathi inguquko idonsela inguquko, kanye nasempini emfushane yePrague. EHolland, ama-Decters enza ubungane nge-physistast Isaac Bekman.

Ngemuva kwalokho uRena waphila isikhashana eParis, kwathi lapho abalandeli baseJesuit befunda ngemibono yakhe ngesibindi, babuyela eHolland, lapho ayehlala khona iminyaka engama-20. Kuyo yonke impilo, wayeshushiswa futhi ahlaselwe esontweni ukuze afinyelele imibono ethuthukayo, eyayigaxekile izinga lokukhula kwesayensi yamakhulu eminyaka we-XVI-XVII.

Ifilosofi

Ukufundiswa kwefilosofi kwe-rené descartes bekungafani nokungabi mbumbulu: wakholelwa ukuthi kunento enhle, kanye nento ebonakalayo. Futhi-ke, kanti omunye waqala wabona ngezimele. Umqondo we-Rene Descartes uhilela nokuqashelwa kokuba khona kwezinhlobo ezimbili zamabhizinisi emhlabeni wethu: ukucabanga futhi kunwetshiwe. Usosayensi wayekholelwa ukuthi uNkulunkulu wayengumthombo wazo zombili lezi zinto. Kubakha ngokwemithetho efanayo, kudala into ngokuhambisana nokuthula kwayo nokunyakaza, futhi futhi igcina izinto.

Indlela eyingqayizivele yolwazi lwe-René Descartes ibone kwizizathu zobumbano. Ngasikhathi sinye, ulwazi lososayensi lubhekise khona ukuthi umuntu uzobusa amabutho emvelo. Amathuba okubonisana ngama-Descartes ashiywa ngokungapheleli komuntu, umehluko wawo kuNkulunkulu ophelele. Ukubonisana kukaRenee ngokwazi ngendlela, empeleni, kwabeka isisekelo sezizathu.

Iphuzu lokuqala lokusesha okuningi kweRen Devisters emkhakheni wefilosofi ngokungangabazeki eqinisweni, iphutha lolwazi oluphathelene nokwamukelwa ngokuvamile. I-Captures Descartes "Ngicabanga -, ngakho-ke, ngikhona" ngenxa yalezi zingxabano. Isazi sefilosofi sasho ukuthi umuntu ngamunye angangabaza ubukhona bomzimba wakhe kanye nomhlaba wangaphandle wonke. Kepha ngasikhathi sinye, lokhu kungabaza kuhlala kungasho lutho.

Izibalo kanye ne-physics

Umphumela oyinhloko wefilosofi kanye nezibalo zomsebenzi weRene Descartes kwakuwukubhalwa kwencwadi ethi "Ukubonisana Ngale ndlela". Incwadi iqukethe izicelo eziningana. Uhlelo lokusebenza olulodwa luqukethe ukuhlaziywa kwe-geometry yokuhlaziya. Olunye uhlelo lokusebenza lufake nemithetho yokufunda izinsimbi zokubona kanye nezimo, izimpumelelo ze-cartarate kulo mkhakha (okokuqala ngqa zihlanganiswe kahle umthetho wokuphindisela phansi) nokunye.

Usosayensi wethule iziqu ezisetshenziswe manje, umugqa ngaphezulu kwenkulumo eyathathwa ngaphansi kwezimpande yaqala ukuchaza izimpawu "x, y, z", izinhlamvu "A, B, C". Isazi sezibalo futhi saba nefomu lezincwadi zezincwadi zezincwadi zezincwadi zezincwadi, okusetshenziselwa ukuxazulula (lapho zero isengxenyeni efanelekile ye-equation).

Okunye ukufezeka kweRene of Rese of Descartes, kubalulekile ukuthuthukisa izibalo ne-physics, ukuthuthukiswa kohlelo lokuxhumanisa. Usosayensi waveza ukuze kwenziwe ukuthi kwenzeke ukuchaza kwezakhiwo zejometri emizimbeni namajika ngolimi lwaseClassical Algebra. Ngamanye amagama, kwakunguReené Descartes owenze kwakwazi ukuhlaziya i-equation yejika ngohlelo lweCartesian Coordinate System, okuyisikhathi esikhethekile salo luhlelo olungunxande olwaziwayo. Lokhu okusha kwavumela futhi kunembe kakhudlwana ukutolika izinombolo ezingezinhle.

Isazi sezibalo sihlolisise imisebenzi ye-algebraic kanye ne- "mechanical", ngenkathi siphikisana ngokuthi ayikho indlela eyodwa yokufunda imisebenzi ye-transcendental. I-DECCARTES mhlawumbe ifunde izinombolo zangempela, kepha yaqala ukubheka futhi iyinkimbinkimbi. Kwethule umqondo wezimpande ezingezinhle zokucabanga ngomqondo wezinombolo eziyinkimbinkimbi.

Izifundo emkhakheni wezibalo, i-geometry, i-Optics kanye ne-physics ngemuva kwalokho zaba yisisekelo samaphepha esayensi we-euler, eNewton kanye nabanye ososayensi. Zonke izibalo zengxenye yesibili yekhulu lesibili le-XVII zasungula imibono yazo ngemisebenzi ye-Rene Descartes.

Ukuhlobisa indlela

Usosayensi okholelwa ukuthi isipiliyoni siyadingeka kuphela ukusiza kuphela ingqondo kulezo zimo lapho kungenzeki ukuza eqinisweni. Amashumi amathathu awo wonke impilo yesayensi yeDescartes ayephethe izingxenye ezine eziyinhloko zendlela yokucinga yeqiniso:

1. Kuyadingeka ukuqala kokusobala okusobala kakhulu, hhayi ngaphansi kokungabaza. Ngokuphambene nalokho okunokwenzeka kakhulu ukuvumela.
2. Noma iyiphi inkinga kufanele ihlukaniswe izingxenye eziningi ezincane njengoba ithatha ukufeza isixazululo sayo esikhiqizayo.
3. Kufanele kuqalwe ngokulula, okudingayo ukuze udlulele kancane kancane kubunzima ngokwengeziwe.
4. Esigabeni ngasinye, kuyadingeka ukuthi uphinde uhlele ukunemba kweziphetho ezihlanganisiwe ukuze kube nemiphumela yocwaningo, ukuze uqiniseke ngokuqiniseka kolwazi olutholile.

Abaphenyi baphawula ukuthi le mithetho eshintshiwe esetshenziswe njalo, idala imisebenzi, ibonisa ngokukhanyayo isifiso sesiko laseYurophu lekhulu le-XVII ekushisekeni kwemithetho engapheli kanye nokwakha i-Science entsha, ethuthukayo nenhloso.

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Mayelana nempilo yomuntu siqu yeRene Descartes yazi okuncane. Ngokuphila ngesikhathi emphakathini wayezikhukhumeza futhi athule, akhetha ukuya ezingxenyeni eziya ezinkampanini, kodwa embuthanweni wabathandekayo bangakhombisa umsebenzi omangalisayo ngokuxhumana. Unkosikazi kaRena, ngokusobala, wayengekho.

Emnene, wayethandana nentombazane, eyamnika indodakazi kaFrancin. Le ntombazane yazalwa ngokungemthetho, kepha ama-decartes amthanda kakhulu. Esikhathini seminyaka emihlanu, uFrancine wafa ngenxa ye-Scarletna. Usosayensi wakhe wokufa wabiza inhlekelele enkulu yempilo yakhe.

Ukushona

Kuyo yonke le minyaka, uRene Descartes walimala ukubukeka okusha kwesayensi. Ngo-1649, wathuthela eStockholm, lapho amenywa khona yiNdlovukazi yaseSweden yaseChristina. Ngemikhawulo yokugcina, iminyaka eminingi iphinde yabhala kabusha. UChristina wahlulwa ubuhlakani bososayensi futhi wamthembisa impilo ethule enhlokodolobha yakhe. Maye, impilo eStockholm Rene ejabulele isikhashana: ngemuva nje kokuhamba kwakhe wabanda. Amakhaza aphendukela ngokushesha ekuvuvukeni kwamaphaphu. Usosayensi waya emhlabeni komunye ngoFebhuwari 11, 1650.

Kunombono wokuthi ama-decortes awafanga ngenxa ye-pneumonia, kepha ngenxa yobuthi. Endimeni yobufakazi, ama-ejenti eSonto lamaKatolika angenza isenzo, kwakungewona ubukhona bososayensi abakhululiwe eduze kweNdlovukazi yaseSweden. Isonto lokugcina lamaKatolika lihlose ukuphendukela okholweni lwakhe, elangenzeka eminyakeni emine emva kokushona kukaRene. Ukuqinisekiswa kwenhloso yale nguqulo namuhla akutholanga, kepha abacwaningi abaningi bathambekele kukho.

Amacaphuna

• Isenzo esikhulu sawo wonke izinkanuko zabantu ukuthi bakhuthaze futhi balungiselele umphefumulo womuntu ukuthi afise ukuthi lezi zinkanuko zikulungela yini umzimba wakhe.
• Ezingxabanweni eziningi ungaqaphela iphutha elilodwa: ngenkathi iqiniso lilele phakathi kwemibono emibili evikelekile, ngakunye kokubukwa okuwushiya, kude kunokuthi kuphakame kakhulu ukushisa okukhulu.
• Umuntu odala ojwayelekile uzwelana kakhulu ngoba ucabanga ukuthi intaba yalabo abakhonondayo inkulu kakhulu, kuyilapho isizathu esiyinhloko sozwela lwabantu abakhulu luwubuthakathaka balabo abazwa izikhalazo.
• Ifilosofi ngoba isebenza kubo bonke abakhona ngolwazi lwabantu, umuntu awuhlukanisa kuphela kusuka kokonga kanye nama-barbarians, futhi bonke abantu bayisakhamuzi ngokwengeziwe futhi bafundile, abangcono kwifilosofi ye-IT; Ngakho-ke, akukho okuhle okukhulu kombuso, ukuthi ungaba namafilosofi ayiqiniso.
• I-currious ibheka ukungamukeli kuphela lapho isimangaze; Ufuna ukwazi ukuthi ufunde futhi uyeke ukumangaza.

I-Bibliography

• Ifilosofi yomoya nodaba uRene Descartes
• Imithetho yobuholi bengqondo
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• Umhlaba, noma inqubo yokukhanya
• Ukubonisana ngendlela yokuthumela ingqondo yakho kahle futhi uthole iqiniso kwisayensi
• Ekuqaleni, ifilosofi
• Incazelo yomzimba womuntu. Ekwakhekeni kwesilwane
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• Ukucabangisisa kwifilosofi yokuqala