I-Biograge
Umashiqela omkhulu nombulali, owabeka isimo sendlala esethusayo futhi wawuhlanganisa naye ezinxushunxushweni zesikhathi esinezinkinga. Ngasikhathi sinye, iminyaka engu-7 yokubusa kukaBoris GodInov, iRussia iqinise ithonya lokubopha kwalo, kodwa izingxabano zangaphakathi zavusa ukukhuphuka esihlalweni sobukhosi seFimpostimiTria.
UBoris wazalwa ngonyaka we-1552 emndenini womhlaba, owahlala eduze kwedolobha laseVyazma. I-pedigree kaGodnov isekele uTatarin Chet-Murze, owayebone eRussia ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Ivan Kalita. Okhokho bakaBoris - ama-kostroma boyars, ngokuhamba kwesikhathi abe yi-vyazene landlords.
Njengesikhulu esidumile sesifundazwe, le nsizwa yafundiswa, kodwa ayizange ijwayele umBhalo oNgcwele. Ukutadisha izincwadi zesonto kwakuthathwa njengengxenye eyisisekelo yokutadisha, ngakho-ke izikhala kule ndawo azivunyelwe. Ngokuphila ngesikhathi seNkosi yesikhathi esizayo nesitembu esincane esifundisiwe nesibi. Ukubhala ngesandla nokubhala ngesandla kwe-calligraphic akuzange kubhekwe.
Indlela eya eRoyal Retinue
Ngo-1565, u-Ivan Grozny ulwa namandla angahlukaniswanga, futhi kulokhu uhlanganyela eRussia ezweni ne-Oprichnin. Lesi sakamuva sakha umcabango wakhe, izinkonzo kanye nebutho. Ubunikazi bakwaGomunov bebuseceleni kwamazwe asemadolobheni, futhi uDmitry Ivanovich (uMalume Ovividolu Man Boris) wabhalisa eziduzane zamasosha. Ngenxa ye-optocobal boyar, yandisa umbuso. Inkosi yabonga ubuhle be-Dmitry futhi yalethwa egcekeni, inikeze isibongo sesibongo.
Ngemuva kokushona kwabazali, u-Irina noBoris GodInov, umalume wanakekela izingane. Izixhumi ezihlala njalo azizange zithande imfundo egcwele yenzalo, ngakho-ke uDmitry onamathiselwe izintandane kwiKremlin, esevumelene ne-autocrat. Izingane zikhule ngokwaneliseka okugcwele nezezindlalifa zasebukhosini. U-Ivan Grozny wayethanda ukukhuluma nonkulunkulu omncane futhi waze wayala ukubhala imicabango yakhe ehlakaniphile.
Le nsizwa yaheha amandla nenkantolo yokunethezeka, kepha ukuhlukunyezwa kwamangala, okuwukubikela okubi. Ngenkathi esembusweni u-Retinue, wabona ukuthi ubulawa ukubulawa kwabantu kanye nokuhlushwa kwe-op. Umfana washeshe wagcotshwa ukuthi ngeke asinde egcekeni elinegazi, uma lingafundelanga ukulawula isihawu nemizwa. Ukuphoqelelwa ukuthi kuhlukunyezwe ezandleni zesibhamu futhi "kujabulisa" kanyekanye nesabekayo ne-Ochrichniki.
Eminyakeni engu-18 ubudala bathatha indawo yombhede womphakathi. Ukwenziwa kwangaphambilini, ukubeka isibalo. Manje sesikweletini senkonzo, le nsizwa iba ngamehlo nezindlebe zenkosi, ihola umnotho waseKremlin futhi ivikele. Amakhanda kanye ne-Backstage Frigigs - Manje into yendabuko kaBoris, ophoqelelwa ukulwa nezimbangi.
I-Courti ehlakaniphile idonsela ama-Surute aye eSkiratov, eyayesaba impilo yabheka abangane abathembekile. UMalyuta wanika umkaHobinov omncane umfazi uMaria, noVasily Shui - abadala.
Ngo-1571, iNkantolo esencane yamunca iNdodana yesihlobo esibi - evdokia saburov. UMakazazana wawungamthandi umthengisi owasola le ntombazane ngokuhlonishwa futhi wadingiselwa esigodlweni sezindela. UBoris wezwa ukuthi inkanuko enenkanuko yahlukunyezwa ubuhle bentsha futhi yacwila ngemuva kokwehluleka ngokwengxenye. UGodInov waxoxa nombono wakhe nomngane wakhe, owabikela inkosi ngokushesha kwiKing.
Umsebenzi weBaptist Wena uyamiswa. Manje kubika okubi kakhulu kuzonikeza imiyalo yanoma yimuphi umzuzu. Kusuka eTorturenka, indoda yandisa udadewethu othandekayo u-Irina, owancenga i-FoodOr (indodana ye-Tsarsky) ukuxazulula inkinga ngokuxolelwa. Le ntombazane yaduma ngomqondo, ukufunda nokubhala nobuhle. I-Irina ebukekayo ithande iFyodor kusukela ebuntwaneni, kepha ayizange inake ukuthandana okukhuluma i-tonas.
UBeauty wayethanda ukufunda, injabulo ayifundele ulwazi lokufunda nokubhala futhi akhombise abameli beMathematics. Lapho kwenziwa ingozi embi kakhulu umfowabo, u-Irina waphuthuma emnganeni wasebukhosini ngenala, futhi waqiniseka uYise ukuba akhululele umndeni kaNkulunkulu. Ngokubonga intombazane kufanele ishade ne-Fedor esesabayo, isihloko sase-goyarin.
Ngaphansi kokubusa kweFedora
Ngo-1581, inkosi ekushiseni kwehlazo ibulala indodana yakhe u-Ivan. I-FODOR IOANNOVICH iba ngumfakisicelo wesihlalo sobukhosi. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, uGrozny ufela ukufa okubabazekayo, eshaya igazi lakhe. Abantu baphendukela ukuthi imoto yabanjwa yigazi elichithekile lababulawa abangenacala. UMbusi omusha uba yiPhilifa kuphela.
UFedor wayekhathele ukubamba i-apula egayiwe, ekhombisa amandla futhi anikeze u-Godenov uphawu. Le micimbi, ngokwezinceku, yiba ngumlando. Umkhandlu weRegent wadalwa ngokuphuthumayo eKremlin, ehlanganisa uYuriEv, eBelsky, uMstislavsky, uShurisky noGumeninov. Ababayo baqonda ukuthi le nkosi ayikwazi ukuphatha izwe, futhi umzabalazo ononya uqala egcekeni.
Isiphithiphithi sabantu u-Gelimunov saphenduka isiqondiso esinenzuzo, sisola izivinini ekwenziweni, ukuhlukunyezwa nokuxhashazwa ngezihloko. Intandokazi yangaphambili yathunyelwa ekudingisweni. Ngemuva kwaloko, kwalandelwa umzabalazo omkhulu emindenini yabakebhe, eyayingeke yabelane ngamandla "ngempatho yaphesheya kwezilwandle." I-Boyar yabamba amandla, kanye ne-boris intrigies kanye nobuqili.
Lapho esondela kubaphikisi, inkosi yesikhathi esizayo yanquma ukuqeda inselelo yokugcina yesihlalo sobukhosi. Okubi kwahlala kungenye inzalo - uTsarevich Dmitry, wabhekisa kunina e-UGloch. Ingane yafa ngo-1591, yakhubeka ngommese ngesikhathi kuhlaselwa isithuthwane. Ikhomishini ekhethekile ayitholanga iminonjana yecala lokufa kukaTsarevich. UShurin Tsar akazange asolwe ngokubulala uDmitry, ngoba kutholwe ubufakazi obuqondile becala, ubufakazi obungaqondile.
Lo mzuzu we-biography uveze ngokumangalisayo i-pushkin in the the inhlekelele "Boris GodInov" umugqa wenkondlo:
"Futhi konke kuhlobene, futhi ikhanda liyaphithizela,Futhi abafana banegazi emehlweni ...
Futhi ngiyajabula ukugijima, kepha akukho ndawo ... Eyesabeka!
Yebo, isihawu ngunembeza wabahlanzekile. "
Ngo-1869, umqambi Mussorgsky, umxhwele yinkondlo, wabhala igama elifanayo legama elifanayo, elibonisa imininingwane ebudlelwaneni phakathi kwabantu nombusi.
Ukulungisa
I-Rarknery ukucasuka kanye nosopolitiki obunekhono iminyaka engu-13 yemithetho yezwe, ecashe ngemuva kwegama likaJohn uJohn. Ngalesi sikhathi, amadolobha, izinqaba ezinamandla kakhulu, amathempeli akhiwa eRussia. Abakhiphekayo abanethalente nabakwa-Architects baqokomise imali eMnyangweni. IMoscow idale amanzi okuqala abizwa ngokuthi iKremlin. Ngo-1596, udonga lwenqaba lwenqaba yeSmolensk, evikela imingcele yaseNtshonalanga yeRussia, izokwakhiwa ngo-1596 ngesimemezelo.
UFyodor Saveleiv Boris uphathise ukwakhiwa kodonga lwangaphandle, idolobha elimhlophe. Abezinye izizwe abavakashele eMoscow babhale kudayari ukuthi akunakwenzeka ukuthatha idolobha manje. I-Crimean Khan Kaza-Gireey yaqinisekisa kuphela umbono wama-Inomer, njengoba wesaba ukucacisa izindonga zenqaba. Ngenxa yalokhu umbusi wasebukhosini, isihloko se- "Tsarev inceku", eyayithathwa njengesihloko esihloniphelayo.
Ngenxa ye-gomunov ngo-1595, kwasayinwa isivumelwano namaSweden, aphothula empini yaseSweden - eyathatha iminyaka emi-3. Ngaphansi kobuholi obuzwelayo, izinqubomgomo zikaRusi zithuthele eKorea, i-Ivangorod, yam, kopory. Ngasikhathi sinye, kwasungulwa inzalamizi, eyavumela iSonto lama-Orthodox ukuba lisuke e-Byzantine Patriarchate.
Setha igama lokusesha kwabalimi abaphethe. Manje amahhashi ayefunwa kungakapheli iminyaka emi-5, kwathi ngemuva kwenkululeko kumenyezelwe. Ngikhulule abanini bomhlaba abavela eThekisi, abaphambuki mathupha uPashnya, ngaphandle kokuguqukela ekuqasheni abasebenzi.
Khumbula
NgoJanuwari 1598 kumakwe ngokufa kwalesi sakamuva kusuka kuRurikovich - Food. Uhulumeni wesikhashana uqokelwe umfelokazi woMbusi - u-Irina. Azikho izindlalifa eziqondile zesihlalo sobukhosi, ngakho-ke indlela eya eMbusweni i-Godnov imahhala. Isonto le-Zemsky Cathedral libhekisisa umbusi ngokufanelekile. Iqhaza elibalulekile lalidlalwa ngokuthi inkosi eshonile yayithathwa njengegama elithi, futhi uBoris kuphela oholwa ngumbuso.
Eseqedile isihlalo sobukhosi, indoda iyaqonda ukuthi isigqoko monomacha singumthwalo osindayo. Uma iminyaka emithathu yokuqala yokubusa ivela ekuchumeni kweRussia, khona-ke imicimbi elandelayo incishisiwe ingafanele. Ngo-1599, uzama ukuRapPhecheate ngentshonalanga, eqaphela ukuthi abantu baseRussia baye baphuma ngemuva kwezemfundo kanye nomuthi. Abaphathi benkosi yasebukhosini bathola phesheya kwama-Masters nodokotela, ngakunye okukhuluma nge-boris uqobo.
Ngemuva konyaka, uMbusi wanquma ukuvula isikhungo semfundo ephakeme eMoscow, lapho azosebenza khona othisha bangaphandle. Ukufaka iphrojekthi, kungafaki intsha enesiphiwo eFrance eFrance, eNgilandi, e-Austria, ukuze labo bathole isipiliyoni ekufundiseni.
Ngo-1601, indlala enkulu yagibela eRussia, njengoba imvuthuluka kanye namafrimu okuqala athinteka. Isimemezelo sasebukhosini sinciphise intela ukusiza isihloko. UBoris wathatha izinyathelo ukonga indlala, ehambisa imali engosiko kanye nokusanhlamvu. Amanani entengo enkuni akhuphuke amahlandla ayikhulu, kepha ama-autocrats awazange ajezise ama-veratators. Igugu nezindawo zazingenalutho ngokushesha.
Abalimi bondliwa yiSwani, izinja, amakati. Izehlakalo ze-cannibalism zanda. Imigwaqo yaseMoscow yagcwala izidumbu ezaphonswa uSagittarius kwisayensi (amathuna ajwayelekile). UGodInov wanxusa abantu abanesicelo sokugcina ukuthula kwengqondo. Izixuku zabantu zashukumisa isikhalazo esinjalo, abalimi babala lokhu kusebenza ngobuthakathaka boMbuso.
Abantu abangu-127,000 babulawa yindlala. Amahemuhemu aqala ukuthi uNkulunkulu uthumele uKara e-rus ukuze i-prestrol engekho emthethweni. Ukunganelekwa kwabampofu kukhula kube yisiphambano esibhekwe ngukotini. Izimpondo zezihlubuki ngaphansi kwezindonga zasemadolobheni zaphula umkhosi. Emva kwalokho, lesi simo asizange sizinze, njengoba savela amahlebezi okuthi uTsarevich Dmitry uyaphila.
Lhadmitry
UBoris GodInov uyaqonda ukuthi isikhundla se-fallmitria sinamandla amakhulu kunaso, ngoba abantu babheka indodana ka-Ivan Grozny. Abantu abathembekile baqoqa imininingwane futhi banikeze inkosi yamaqiniso engaphansi kwendlela uTsarevich ubuntu obuhle kakhulu - uhlu lwe-monk-Freakyev. Abantu baseRussia babekholelwa ukuthi indlalifa yangempela yafika, ubani ozosindisa elambele futhi ebanda.
Lezi zigxobo ziqokomise imali yokuqoqwa kwebutho le-freakyev, owayelungiselela ukuya esihlalweni sobukhosi. AmaRussia abuye asekelwa amaRussia, ngisho nebutho lezinqumo ladlula ngaphansi kwamabhanela omkhohlisi. Abaphangi kanye nezigebengu bezigebengu abaze bawina, futhi uGregory-Dmitry wabalekela ePutivl. Lezi zindaba zajabula ngeGodInov, engakubekezeleli ukungazibekezeleli enkantolo namabutho.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UMaria Soscaratova waba ngumkakhe inkosi yokuqala ekhethiweyo. Mayelana nentombazane enamaqiniso amancane agcinwe. Kepha labo abaziwayo, bamele uMaria ekukhanyeni okuthophayo. Umfundi, ubuhle bokuzithoba uba umngane othembekile womyeni wakhe. Iminyaka eyi-10 yokuhlala ndawonye, umbhangqwana awuzange uzalele ingane eyodwa, futhi odokotela bahlanjululwe kuphela ngezandla zabo, babhekisela ekucabangeni kwemvelo kowesifazane.
Umlingani ofanelekile wakhishwa eNgilandi udokotela ovelele owakwazi ukulungisa impilo yentombazane. Eminyakeni emibili kamuva, kwavela izingane ezimbili emndenini - indodana kaFedori kanye nendodakazi yaseKsenia. UGodenov Korotal isikhathi sakhe samahhala embuthanweni womndeni futhi wathi wayephumule ngokugcwele phambi kwabantu abathandekayo. Ikusasa lobukhosi bakhe, umbusi wabona ezinganeni zakhe, ngakho-ke bobabili bahlinzeka ngemfundo yokuqala.
Umfana kusukela ebuntwaneni wawulungiselelwe isihlalo sobukhosi futhi wafundisa othisha baseYurophu naseMoscome. UKaramzin uthe lo msebenzi "izithelo zokuqala zemfundo yaseYurophu eRussia." Inxusa lase-English uJerome Gorsay elichazwe kudayali ukuthi ubudlelwano obufudumele obuhlobene busekelwa emndenini wokuzithiba, obekubhekwa njengokuqabukela eRussia.
Ukushona
UBoris GodInov isikhathi eside wabhekana ne-urolithiasis kanye ne-migraines enamandla. Ekupheleni kwempilo, wayeka ukwethemba ama-retinue kanye nababangelwa, ebona izitha yonke indawo ngaphandle komndeni. Indodana yaqhubeka nayo ngokungathandeki, iyaphazamisa ikusasa.
Ngo-Ephreli 13, 1605, inkosi yathatha amanxusa e-English lapho kufika i-Aphoplexy kuye. Ukusuka ekhaleni nasezindlebeni zamadoda wathela igazi, futhi udokotela wasenkantolo wagijimisa izandla zakhe kuphela, wahluleka ukusiza.
Ama-beyarres amile embhedeni wokufa, wabuza indodana yakhe. UMonarch wathi: "Njengoba uthanda uNkulunkulu nabantu." Emva kwalokho, ngilahlekelwe yisipho sokukhuluma futhi ngafa. Umlandeli uqokwe Fyodor, ukubusa kwawo okuthatha inyanga nengxenye. Lapho esefundile ngokufa koMbusi, eMoscow nebutho langena eLhadmitmiy ngaphansi kokukhala kwesixuku.
Ngosuku olufanayo, ngokuhleleka, uGolitsyn, uSagittari wasuswa ngumndeni kaGomu, esuka eKsenia kuphela, eyayihlaselwa. Intombazane exolelwe ngokungenakuthethelela iba isancinza se-falsitria, esehlulekile, sandisa ubuhle bakhe esigodlweni sezindela.
U-GodInov washisa eKhathedrali lase-Arkhangelsk, kodwa ngesikhathi kushukunyiswa ibhokisi ibhokisi lakhishwa futhi labekwa esigodlweni seWSenKone. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, uVasily Shuisky wayala ukuthi kuvuswe umkhaya we-Gomun kuZiqu-zintathu - uSergius Lavra.
E-biography yombusi weshwa kunemfumbe, engaxazululwa yi-Omlando. Ngemuva kokushona kukaGodnov wanyamalala ngengqondo yekhanda le-autocrat. Akucaciswa ukuthi lapho imingcwabo ihlukaniswe emzimbeni. Kwatholakala ngenxa ye-anthropologist gerasimov, evule i-crypt ngezinsalela zokubuyisa ukubukeka kukamufi.