I-Biograge
IPablo Picasso ingumdwebi weSpain, umsunguli wobumbano, ukubheka ukushicilelwa kwe-Times 2009, umculi odumile kakhulu xx.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ubuhlakani bekusasa bazalwa ngo-Okthoba 25, 1881 e-Andalusia, edolobhaneni laseMalaga. Ubaba uJosé Ruiz wabandakanyeka ekupendweni. I-Ruiz ibingadumile ngomsebenzi wayo, ngakho-ke ngaphoqeleka ukuba ngithole umsebenzi emnyuziyamu wendawo wobuciko obuhle ngu-caretaker. Umama uMaria Picasso Lopez ungowokuchuma kwabanikazi bamasiko amagilebhisi, kodwa kusukela ebuntwaneni bathola isidingo esingakanani, ngoba uyise waphonsa umndeni wakhe futhi wathuthela eMelika.
Lapho uJose noMariya babenamazibulo, wapendwe ngegama likaPablo Diego uFrancisco de Sauan Juan Nepomussed Maria de The Los Remidad Ruiz Ruiz kanye nePicasso, lapho kuboniswa okhokho abahlonishwayo kanye nakusiko. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kukaPablo emndenini, kwavela amanye amantombazane amabili - amaDolores kanye nePoroter, umama ayeyithanda lendodana engathandeki.
Umfana wayemuhle kakhulu futhi enethalente. Lapho eseneminyaka engu-7, useqalile ukusiza uYise ngokubhala i-canvas. Ngo-13, uJose wavumela indodana yakhe ukuthi igcwalise ingxenye enkulu yomsebenzi futhi yamangala kakhulu ngekhono likaPablo. Ngemuva kwalesi sehlakalo, lonke uBaba wakhe wobuciko baka umfana, futhi yena wayeka ukubhala.
Ucwaningo
Ngawo lowo nyaka, le nsizwa ingena e-Academy of Barcelona. UPablo wayengakwazi kalula ukukhombisa abasebenzi bezemfundo eyunivesithi ngokuvumelana kwakhe nobungcweti. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu yokutadisha, ethola isipiliyoni, lo mfundi osemusha uhunyushelwe eMadrid ku-San Fernando Academy, lapho unyaka wonke ufunda inqubo yomsebenzi wabaculi baseSpain waseSpain, uFrancisco Goya no-El Greco. Lapha i-Picasso yakha imidwebo "inhlangana yokuqala", "ukuzikhandla", "kuveza isithombe sikamama".Umdwebi osemncane akazange abe khona ngenxa yemvelo ejulile nendlela yokuphila yamahhala yokuhlala ezindongeni zesikole, ngakho-ke, ukuphonsa izifundo zakhe, uPablo uqaliswa ukubhukuda kwamahhala. Kusondele komunye ngaleso sikhathi umfundi ofanayo waseMelika uCarles Kalaagemas, uPablo uvakashela kaninginingi eParis.
Abangani bokuqala abaphikisayo abazinikele esifundweni sokupenda i-Delacroix, iToulouse uLotrek, iVan Gogh, Gaugugen, kanye neFencician yasendulo, ama-frescoes aseGibhithe, ukuqoshwa kwamaJapan. Intsha iqale ukujwayelana hhayi kuphela nabamele iBohemia, kodwa futhi nabaqoqi abacebile.
Ukudala
Ngokokuqala ngqa, uPablo uqala ukusayina owakhe imidwebo nguPseudonym Picasso, igama lamantombazane lokugcina likanina. Ngo-1901, kwavela inhlekelele, eyayibeka ukuphrinta emsebenzini womculi: Umngane wakhe uCarles uqeda ukuzibulala kwakhe ngenxa yothando olungesihle. Ngenkumbulo yalo mcimbi, i-Pablo idala uchungechunge lwemidwebo eyesiko eya kwi- "Blue Cound" yokuqala.
Ubuningi bezimbali eziluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka nezimpunga emibhalweni kuchazwa hhayi esimweni esicindezelekile sensizwa, kodwa futhi nokuntuleka kwemali opendweni wamafutha wezinye izithunzi. IPicasso ibhala isebenza "imidwebo kaJayme Satarses", "Usuku", "Usizi", "I-Old MAGE". " Yonke imidwebo igcwele umuzwa wokukhathazeka, ukudangala, ukwesaba nokulangazelela. Indlela yokubhala iba yimbila, idwengulwe, ithemba lithathelwa indawo ngemibala eqinile yezibalo ezifuywayo.
Ngo-1904, naphezu kokuntuleka kwezezimali, iPablo Picasso ixazululwa ekuhambeni enhlokodolobha yaseFrance, lapho kulindelwe khona imibono emisha nemicimbi. Ukushintshwa kwendawo yokuhlala kwanikeza umfutho esikhathini sesibili sobuciko bomculi, obizwa ngokuthi "Pink". Ngezindlela eziningi, ukuthokoza kwemidwebo nomugqa wabo wokuhlela kuthinte indawo lapho kwakuhlala khona uPablo Picasso.
Ngasesisekelweni seMontmartreh Hill sama-mandrano, obani abaculi abasebenza ngohlobo lwemisebenzi yomculi osemncane. Iminyaka emibili, uchungechunge lonke lwemidwebo ethi "Umlingisi" wabhalwa, "uhleli noNude", "Owesifazane ehembe", "ama-acleats. Umama nendodana, "" umndeni wabantu baseComedians ". Ngo-1905, i-canvas ebaluleke kakhulu yalesi sikhathi "ntombazane esitsheni" yavela. Ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-8, ifilimu yathola umgadli weRussia waseRussia e. A. Morozov, owakuyisa eRussia. Ngo-1948, le ntombazane ebholeni yaboniswa emnyuziyamu. A. S. Pushkin, lapho namanje.
Umdwebi kancane kancane usuka emfanekisweni wemvelo njengoba kunjalo, ama-Motifs anjalo anjalo avela emsebenzini wakhe esebenzisa amafomu ahlanzekile wejometri, okwakushiwo ngalo ukwakheka kwesithombe. UPicasso wasondela endleleni entsha, lapho edala isithombe sabalandeli bakhe kanye ne-pecnifiers gertruda stein.
Eminyakeni engu-28, uPicasso ubhala ifilimu ethi "Avignon Girl", esephenduke eyandulelwa yimisebenzi ebhalwe ngesitayela sobumbano. Umdwebo wokuhlangana, kwavezwa ukuthi ubuhle obunqunu buvezwa kanjani, babingelelwa ukugeleza okukhulu kokugxekwa, kepha uPablo Picasso waqhubeka nokuthuthukiswa kwesiqondiso esitholakele.
Kusukela ngo-1908, iBidon nezitsha, "abesifazane abathathu", "kubonisana noFani", "kuveza uFarna de San Juan", "kuveza isithombe sikaFernaNhand Olivier", "kuveza Impilo enesihlalo se-wicker "," i-penno bhodlela "," i-violin kanye nesigingci ". Umsebenzi omusha ubonakala ngokuthuthuka kancane kwezithombe zezithombe, ukusondela. Ekugcineni, iPablo Picasso, naphezu kokucaphuna, iqala ukuthola okuhle: Imidwebo ebhalwe ngesitayela esisha, ilethe inzuzo.
Ngo-1917, iPablo Picasso yakwazi ukubambisana ne- "Russian Season" USergey Dyagilev. UJean Cockke uphakamise ukuthi umdwebi we-ballet oyisimungulu womculi waseSpain njengoMdali we-Sketches e-scetches ebhekisweni nasezigqokweni zemikhiqizo emisha. Ukusebenza ngaleso sikhathi, iPicasso yathuthela eRoma, lapho ahlangana khona nomlingani wokuqala u-Olga Khokhlova, umdansi waseRussia, indodakazi yesikhulu esifudumele.
Impilo ekhanyayo yempilo yaboniswa emsebenzini womculi - Ngesikhathi sePicasso isuka kububi, futhi yakha izindwangu eziningi emoyeni weqiniso lakudala. Lokhu ngokuyinhloko "umfanekiso we-olga esihlalweni", "ukubhukuda", "abesifazane bagijimela ebhishi", "imidwebo yezingane yenkundla yePicasso."
Ukusula
Ukukhukhula impilo yongxiwa obucebile, uPablo Picasso ubuyela endaweni yangaphambili yeBohemian. Iphuzu lokujika laliphawulwa ngokubhala ngo-1925 umdwebo wokuqala ngendlela ye- "Dance". Izibalo ezihlanekezelwe zokudansa, umuzwa ophelele wobuhlungu wawuxazululiwe isikhathi eside emsebenzini womculi.Ukunganeliseki kwempilo yomuntu siqu kuboniswe ezithombeni zabesifazane ze-lamin of pikaso "isibuko", "intombazane phambi kwesibuko." Ngawo-1930s, uPablo waba nesifiso sokwenza amabala. Imisebenzi "umfazi wamanga", "kuvela indoda enesimbali. Enye yezivivinyo zomculi iba yi-Eday of imifanekiso ngesimo sokuqopha kwemisebenzi ye-ovid no-Aristophan.
Isikhathi sezempi
Eminyakeni yenguquko yaseSpain neMpi, uPablo Picasso utholakala eParis. Umculi ngo-1937 kwakha i-canvas "Gernik" ngamathoni amnyama namhlophe ngokuhleleka kukahulumeni waseSpain we-World Exbibition eParis. Idolobhana elisenyakatho nesenyakatho laseSpain lasuswa ngokuphelele ebusweni bentwasahlobo yango-1937 ngendiza yaseJalimane. Usizi lwabantu luboniswe ezithombeni ezihlangene zeqhawe elishonile, umama ongumlobi washaywa izingxenye zabantu. Uphawu lwempi ePicasso luba ngumfanekiso wenkunzi ye-minotur enamehlo amakhulu angenandaba. Kusukela ngo-1992, i-canvas igcinwa eMadrid Museum.
Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-30s, izithombe "ukudoba ubusuku ku-antibaba", "kumemeza umfazi". Ngesikhathi sempi, iPicasso ayifuduki eParis ihlaselwe amaJalimane. Ngisho nasezimweni zasekhaya eziminyene, umculi waqhubeka nokusebenza. Emibhalweni yakhe "namanje - impilo ngekhanda lenkunzi", "ekuseni serenade", "ukubulawa" nokuqothuka "umuntu onenqwaba" avela izingqimba zokufa nempi.
I-Post-War
Injabulo yempilo iphinde futhi emibhalweni ye-Master yadalwa esikhathini sangemva kwempi. Ukuhlelwa kombala wephalethi nezithombe ezikhanyayo kwathola ukuthi umjikelezo wazo emjikelezweni wamaphaneli aqinisekisa impilo, okuyi-picasso eyenzelwe iqoqo eliyimfihlo ku-commowwealth Paloma noClaude vele.Inganekwane yasendulo yamaGrikhi iba yingqikithi eyintandokazi yalesi sikhathi sePicasso. Kuthola ukuthi i-Imvarnation hhayi kuphela ku-canvases enhle ye-Master, kodwa futhi nase-ceramics, okuyi-picasso eyaba nesithakazelo kuyo. Ngo-1949, ngoba i-World Congress yabasekeli bomhlaba, umdwebi ubhala ingulube "ijuba lomhlaba". Kwakha i-master kanye nokwehluka ngesitayela sobumbano ezihlokweni zabadwebi besikhathi esedlule - velasquez, goya, mana.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Kusukela eminyakeni emisha, uPicasso wayehlala ethandana nomuntu. Lapho sebekhulile, i-simulator nabadansi baba abangane kanye nemisipha yomculi we-novice. Uthando lokuqala lwe-Pablo Picasso esemncane, ngifunda e-Barcelona. Le ntombazane yabizwa ngokuthi nguRosita del Oro, wasebenza eCabaret. EMadrid, umdwebi wajwayelana noFernando, iminyaka eminingana waba yintombi yakhe ethembekile. EParis, isiphetho sensizwa ephethe umber we-marseille, wonke umuntu owayebizwa ngokuthi u-Eva, kodwa owayengukufa okuphakeme kwentombazane ehlukanise nabathandi.
Ukusebenza eRoma nge-Russian Ballet Troupe, uPablo Picasso ushada no-Olga Khokhlova. Abasanda kushada bashada ethempelini laseRussia emaphethelweni eParis, base bethuthela ebhukwini olwandle. Amantombazane amaDowry, kanye nemali engenayo evela ekuthengisweni kwemisebenzi yePicasso evunyelwe umndeni ukuthi aphile impilo yezingcebo ecebile. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu emshadweni, u-Olga noPablo bazalwa izibulo, indodana Paulo.
Ngokushesha, iPicasso ijabule ngempilo enhle futhi iba ngumculi wamahhala. Wahlala ngokwahlukana nomkakhe futhi aqala ukuhlangana nentombazane encane uMarie-Terez Walter. Kusukela ku-Extramarital Union ngo-1935, kuvela indodakazi kaMayan, eyi-picasso engazange ibone.
Ngesikhathi sempi, isakhamuzi saseYugoslav, umthwebuli wezithombe uDor Maar, owaphoqa umdwebi ukuthi afune amafomu amasha nokuqukethwe nomsebenzi wakhe ngesikhathi sempi. UDora wahlala emlandweni njengomnikazi weqoqo elikhulu lePicasso Paintings, agcina kuze kube sekupheleni kwempilo yakhe. Izithombe zakhe ze-Gernik Cannon ziyaziwa nangokuthi yonke indlela yokwakha isithombe nayo iboniswa.
Ngemuva kwempi, umculi uyajwayelana noFrancose, owabhala injabulo emsebenzini wakhe. Kuvela izingane emhlabeni - indodana kaClaude nendodakazi kaPaloma. Kepha ekuqaleni kweminyaka yama-60s, uJacqueline ushiya inkosi ngenxa yengcebo yakhe engaguquki. Imnyuziyamu yokugcina kanye nonkosikazi osemthethweni wesibili womculi oneminyaka engama-80 uba yi-Salesman evamile yeJacqueline Rock, eyayiyi-bastardly pablo futhi yaba nethonya elikhulu embuthanweni wakhe wokuxhumana. Ngemuva kokushona kukaPicasso, ngemuva kweminyaka engu-13, uJacqueline akakwazanga ukumelana ngokwahlukana futhi wazibulala.
Ukushona
Ngawo-1960, i-Picasso inika ngokuphelele konke ukudalwa kwemidwebo yabesifazane. Njenge-simulator, umdwebi ubeka umfazi wakhe wokugcina uJacqueline Rock. Ekupheleni kwempilo yakhe, uPablo Picasso wayesevele enesimo semiphakathi eminingi kanye nezikhiye eziningana zomuntu.Eminyakeni emithathu ngaphambi kokushona kukaGenaziya e-Barcelona, kwavulwa umnyuziyamu wegama lakhe, kwathi iminyaka engu-12 efile - imnyuziyamu eParis. Nge-biography yayo ende ende, i-picasso idale ama-canvases ayizinkulungwane ezingama-80, ngaphezu kwama-1000 ama-scarpture, ama-collages, imidwebo, ama-etampi.
Ephreli 8, 1973 ngokumelene nokuvuvukala kwamaphaphu, inhliziyo yobuhlakani obuneminyaka engama-92 imise.
Imidwebo
- "Ukuqala Ukuhlangana", 1895-1896.
- "Ntombazane esitsheni", ngo-1905
- "UHarlequin uhleli ebhentshini elibomvu", ngo-1905
- "Intombazane ehembe", ngo-1905
- "Umndeni Wabahlabeleli", 1905
- "Imidwebo yeGertruda Stein", ngo-1906
- Idivaysi ye-Avignon, ngo-1907
- "Intokazi Young", 1909
- "Umama nengane", 1922
- "UGernik", 1937
- "Umfazi Okhalayo", 1937
- "UFrancoise, uClaude noPaloma", 1951
- "Owesilisa nowesifazane onesimbali", ngo-1970
- "Hugs", 1970
- "Ababili", 1973