I-Biograge
UFrancois Viyon uyimbongi yaseFrance yesikhathi sesikhathi sekwedlule iminyaka, ubuntu bugqamile, buqine, izinkondlo zabo bashiya uphawu olujulile emiphefumulweni yezifiso zesikhathi sabantu besikhathi sikaphila ngesikhathi sikaphila ngesikhathi sikaphila nezinduna.
Naphezu kodumo nokubaluleka kwezinkondlo zomhlaba zemisebenzi yeWiyon, eyaziwa kancane ngempilo yakhe, futhi imininingwane ye-biography ihlukile kumthombo oya emthonjeni. UHel Francois Wiyon uxhumeke kakhulu neParis, eduze kwawo imbongi yazalwa ngayo. Ngokwemininingwane ehlukile, lokhu kwenzeke ngo-Ephreli 1431 noma ngo-1432.
Isibongo sangempela uFrancois - Deile noma de Monkorbier. Umama womfana wazalelwa esifundazweni saseBerry, futhi akukho lutho olwaziwayo ngoYise, ngaphandle kokuthi wafa ekuseni, lona wesifazane wahlala engumfelokazi onengane encane ezandleni zakhe.
UMsindisi ovela ebuphofini oyizintandane noma umngani womndeni kaGuillaume de vele, uCapellan, u-Abbot weSonto LaseSt. Benedict. Ngokusho kukaFrancois, umpristi useye waba ngaphezu kukaYise kuye, enakekela ukuqubuka kwengane. Umfana akazange athole kuphela indawo yokukhosela engenhla kwekhanda lakhe, kodwa futhi nothando, ukunakekelwa kanye nemfundo, kuphela abantu abacebile abangakwazi ukukhokhela.
UKapellan wavimbela uFrancois, wamnika, agqoke, wafundisa isayensi ehlukahlukene, kufaka phakathi izibalo, uhlelo lolimi, isiLatin, futhi wanikeza nesibongo sakhe kumfundi. Ebuyaneni, umfana wakhonza esontweni futhi wahlabelela ekwathini yesonto.
Lapho eneminyaka engu-12, uFrancois Viyon waqala ukuya esikoleni ekhasini lesayensi yamazwi kaParis Sorbonne. Ngo-1449, umfundi osemusha wathola iziqu ze-bachelor's, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu - izinga le-linontia ne-master of arts.
Ngemfundo enjalo, uViyon akazange akwazi ukufinyelela ezikhundleni eziphakemeyo kanye nesigaba esihambisanayo somphakathi weParis, futhi akwazi kuphela ukuba ngumabhalane noma uthisha. Ngokwezindinganiso zamanyuvesi aphakathi, izinga elifanelekile lolwazi latholakala kuphela eminyakeni engamashumi amathathu kuphela, elitholakala kwikhono lobumthetho futhi lithola izinga lomthetho we-DR..
Ubumbongi
Emuva eminyakeni yokufunda eSorbonne, uFrancois wayesendlini yesikhulu seParis esihlangeni esiphezulu sikaRobert D'Estville. Kwakuvame ukuqoqwa izimbongi, futhi uViyon wabamba iqhaza ezimpini ezinkondlo ebukuleni kwabanikazi. Ekuhlonipheni kwabo, uViyon waqamba iculo lomshado elibizwa nge- "Ballad of Prejezhen", lapho igama lomuzi wase-Estutville litholakale.
Izinkondlo zikaViyon zixhunyaniswe ngokungalingani nekusasa elinzima kulo muntu. Zonke izinkondlo zakhe zibonisa izimo zokuphila, ukusabela kwenzelwa okwenzekayo nxazonke. Ubuqambi bakaFrancois bubhekwa njengengqondo kakhulu nefilosofi ngasikhathi sinye. Ngokumelene nesizinda sezimbongi zeRenaissance of the Renaissance ngezithombe zazo zothando, izingadi eziqhakaza, ukucula izinyoni namabutho othando, ubuhlungu obugcwele, nobuhlungu beqiniso babantu abajwayelekile, kanye neqiniso elinqunu Iyafundwa.
Ngasikhathi sinye, imbongi yaqala yafaka imibono eyi-ironic kanye ne-sarcasm, ekhuluma ngempilo yakhe kanye nefenipha yayo, kwathi kweminye imisebenzi - zombili zigcwele izithombe. Umuntu obukhoma uyabonakala ngemigqa yezinkondlo, enezono zawo kanye nobubi, ukuhlupheka namaphupho, hhayi azifezile uqobo noma abanye.
Ithalente likaFrancois Wiyon, naphezu kwamakhulu eminyaka adala, afunda ngokujulile u-Ilya erenburg no-Osip Mandelstam, uNikolai rubtsov, kanye namalokhomafoni amaningi nocwaningo onikelwe empilweni nokwakheka kwembongi.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
UFrancois Viyon waduma eParis naseFrance hhayi njengembongi kuphela, kodwa futhi njengokuhamba nge-avid, umphangi, isigaba kanye no-Dracun. Ngisho nangaphambi kokukhululwa eSorbonne, wahlanganyela ekuvuzeni kweScholyarov, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho achaze enoveli yamaSathane emavesini kuze kube namuhla. Imbongi ikhuluma ngayo 'eTestamenteni Elikhulu', elibhalwe ngo-1461.
Abafundi abangenangqondo bakwazile ukudonsa ishubhu lamatshe, bemi eduze kwendlu yesiParisian esihlonishwayo. Intokazi yafaka enkantolo, imangalela iScholyarov entshontshe, yafaka itshe elisha. Intsha ethukuthele ihlelwe futhi isiphetho sesibili, futhi ngokushesha la matshe anqotshwa insimu yaseSorbonne.
Njengoba unecala lokuqulwa kwecala eliboshiwe futhi wafuna ukukhaphela inkantolo, kodwa abameli basenyuvesi bafika imali engenayo, futhi ngenxa yalokho, abafundi banqobile. Ububi babunezelelekile, kepha amazinga okwahlulela kwakufanele achithwe.
Ngo-1455, uViyon waphinda wangena ngendaba enkulu, kulokhu okuhambisana nokubulawa. Kwakunokuxabana phakathi kwembongi nompristi osemusha, isizathu sowesifazane owaba khona. Umpristi ovumayo walwa, futhi uFrancois, wavikela, washaya lowo mmese. Inxeba lagcina libulale, futhi ngemuva kwesikhashana kwashona isiqhwaga, sibe nesikhathi sokuthethelela nokuthethelela uViyon.
UFrancois wafaka izilwane ezifuywayo ezimbili mayelana nokuxolelwa, kepha, efisa ukugwema ukuboshwa, washiya i-paris. Lesi sinqumo sasibulala imbongi. Ngaphandle kokuba nokuphila, waxhumana nabaphangi. Ngo-1456, uViyon wabuyela eParis, esethole intethelelo.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, imbongi - umphangi onokuhambisana noRobled Navarre College. UShaka weba izinhlamvu zemali ezingama-500 zegolide futhi wazihlukanisa ngokulinganayo. UWion wayezothukuthela eDuke Rene Anzhuy: UFrancois wayesenesikhathi eside azithanda iphupho ukuba abe yimbongi yenkantolo enethonya. Ku-Anzer, wayengeyena nenhlanhla, futhi ngonyaka kamuva izimo zokweba zembuliwe, futhi uWiyon akakwazanga ukubuyela eParis ngaphansi kokwesaba ukwenziwa.
Ngaphambi kokuphunyuka enhlokodolobha, imbongi engakazalwa yabhala "incane", lapho ngendlela yokuhlekisa, izinto ezingelutho kanye nezithombe zabhekelwa kubangani: isikhwama sakhe esingenalutho, esigcawu kwi-zucchka eyodwa. Ngokweminye imibiko, imbangela yokuphunyuka kwakuwuthando olungafanelekile ngombala we-Catherine de, owaphendula imbongi esonqatshelwe.
Eminyakeni eyalandela, uFrancois wasebenzisa ukugoqa eFrance. Wajoyina iPike Robbing-Cokyarov. Lesi sikhathi sifaka i-ballad eyisikhombisa eyabhalwa imbongi kumasela Jargon, namhlanje akekho ongaqonda.
Enkantolo yaseKarl Orleans, ngokwakhe wayeyimbongi edumile, uViyon wabhala "umncintiswano wezinkondlo" eBlois ". I-Duke iqale imincintiswano yezinkondlo, futhi isihloko sezinkondlo esikhethe ukuthi "Ngifa ngomfudlana" kusuka ngokoma. " Le nkondlo bekufanele ibe yihlaya futhi ilula, kepha kusukela ngaphansi kwezimpaphe zakwaFrancois yaphuma umsebenzi wobuciko wangempela, umsebenzi ojulile, onamandla nefilosofi.
Emva kwalokho, uVión waphindwe kabili emajele emajele elindele umusho, e-Orleans kanye nedolobhana lamadoda-sur-loir, kodwa wadedelwa ngesikhathi sokufika kwabantu basebukhosini. Ngo-1461, imbongi ibuyele eParis, lapho ayehlala khona, ecashe nabangane bayo. Ngemuva kwalokho wabhala "iTestamente Elikhulu" elidumile. Emjikelezweni, ama-ballad afakiwe:
- "Intando";
- "Epitaph";
- "Ballad of the ladies zezinsuku zakudala";
- "UBallad uzokwamukela" (ngiyazi ...);
- "Umkhuleko";
"Umthandazo" waba yinkondlo enobunzima obujulile, ngoba imbongi noma ithonsi ayisebenzi, yabeka amazwi kaMolba emlonyeni kanina, abhekabheka kowesifazane omuhle kakhulu emhlabeni. Kamuva, iBlat Okidzhava yabhala ingoma enesihloko esithi "Umkhuleko uFrancois Viyon", kepha lo mbhalo awunabuhlobo nembongi yangezikhathi zakudala.
Ukushona
Ngo-1462, uViyon waphinde waboshwa futhi waboshwa. Ngenxa yesicelo mayelana nokuxolelwa kanye nezicelo zabangani bembongi, ukulengiswa kwathathelwa indawo ukuxoshwa kweminyaka eyishumi kusuka eParis. Ngokulindela umusho, uFrancois wabhala "i-ballad mayelana ne-Haled."
Ngemuva kuka-1463, iminonjana kaFrancois Viyon ilahlekile. Izimo nosuku lokufa kwembongi akwaziwa. Into eyodwa icacile: Wafa ekudingisweni, ngaphandle kokusinda ehlelweni lokuqala lwe-ballad yakhe, ngo-1491.
I-Bibliography
- ITestamente Elikhulu
- Le, noma iTestamente Elincane
- U-Ballad unomona
- I-Ballad mayelana nokuvulwa kwezikhathi ezedlule
- Ukulengiswa kwe-ballade
- Ama-ballads kumasela eJargon
- Khuluma umphefumulo nomzimba