UVictor Hugo - Biography, isithombe, impilo yomuntu siqu, i-bibliography

I-Biograge

UViktor Hugo ngumlobi waseFrance, owangena emlandweni futhi waba izikhumbuzo zokufa zamagugu okubhala. I-Gothic Amateur kanye ne-Ome Omelele yothando impilo yakhe yonke idelela imithetho yomphakathi kanye nokuphikisana nokungalingani kwabantu. Incwadi ethandwa kakhulu "ebunjiwe" UHugo wabhala ngesikhathi senkinga yokudala, kodwa, noma kunjalo, le noveli yaba umkhiqizo owuthandayo wabalandeli bomlobi emhlabeni wonke.

Ubuntwana nentsha

Kusukela ekuqaleni kwekhulu le-19: eFrance, kwadlula inguquko enkulu, i-oda elidala nelokuphela ngokuphelele amakhosi abhujiswa ezweni, iRiphabhulikhi yokuqala yaseFrance yafika izongena esikhundleni seRiphabhulikhi yokuqala yaseFrance. Izwe layichuma lesi siqubulo esithi: "Inkululeko, ukulingana, ubuhlakani", kanye nomkhuzi osemusha uNapoleon Bonaparte wafaka ithemba ngekusasa eliqhakazile.

Kungaleso sikhathi lapho izisekelo zakudala zacekelwa phansi, futhi eFrance zihluma ngenxa yorangenxa yenguquko, umkhosi webutho lamaNopoleonionic Leopold Sizhisber Hugo wazalwa endodaneni yesithathu. Lo mcimbi wenzeka ngoFebhuwari 26, 1802 empumalanga yezwe, edolobheni laseBesonc. Umfana owanikeza igama uVictor wabuhlungu futhi ubuthakathaka, ngezinkumbulo zikanina uSophie, ingane "yayisengummese wethebula."

Umndeni wawucebile futhi uhlala endlini enkulu yezindaba ezintathu. ULeopold waqhamuka onohlobo olunzima, kodwa ukuvukela okukhulu kwesiFulentshi kwavumela umuntu ukuba aziveze. Ubaba wesikhathi esizayo wadlula ngendlela esuka eSikhulu Esibhekele Amabutho Republic saya emsekelweni kaBonaparte futhi, ekugcineni, waba ngumphathi jikelele. UHugo Sr. uvame ukushayela ngenxa yesikweletu senkonzo, ngakho-ke umndeni wathuthela e-Italy, eSpain, uMarseille, kanye naseziqhingini eziseMedithera naseTucany. Ukuhamba kwesokunxele okuvela ku-Indelible okuvelayo ku-Little Victor, kamuva okuzothola ama-echoes emisebenzini yombhali.

Kusuka e-biography kaMama Hugo, kwaziwa ukuthi indodakazi yangumShingo.

USophie noLeopold bazama ukuletha abafana abathathu (uVictor, u-Abela no-Ezhena) othandweni, kodwa ukubuka komhlaba wonke kwabashadikazi obuphambukile, kungani bekuxabene khona kaningi. Isidingo sasilandelwa ebukhosini kanye nasekubukeni kwamaVolnTainean naseFrance Revolution bekungumxhasi weBourbon Dynasty, ngenkathi iHugo Senior ibingumnikele ngokuzibophezela kukaNapoleon. Hhayi ukusatshalaliswa kwezepolitiki kuphela kwaphoqelela abazali bombhali wesikhathi esizayo ukuba bahlakaze: USophie wayenothando ohlangothini noGeneral Viktor Lagori.

Ngenxa yemikhundla yabazali, abafowethu abathathu bahlala eSophie, bese kuthi uLeopold, kwathi ngo-1813 umama nobaba uVutor Gyu bahlukanisa, nowesifazane wathuthela enhlokodolobha yaseFrance, ethatha indodana encane naye. Esikhathini esizayo, uSophie wazisola kaningi futhi wazama ukubuyisana noshade naye, kodwa akafuni ukukhohlwa ukuthukwa kwakudala.

Umama wayenethonya elikhulu kuVictor: wakwazi ukugqugquzela ingane ukuthi ama-bourbons - anamathela enkululeko, futhi kwakhiwa isithombe senkosi ephelele emfana.

Into yokufunda

ULeopolid waphupha ukuthi ingane encane yajoyina isayensi ngqo, ngaphandle kwalokho, umfana wayenethalente lezibalo, acubungule ngokuphelele futhi abhekana nezibalo ezinzima. Mhlawumbe indodana ejwayelekile izoba nomsebenzi kaMichel Rolly noma i-Descartes, kepha uVictor wakhetha enye indlela futhi wawungena ePolytechnic University.

Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wamanoveli angafi wakhetha izibalo zezinkondlo ze-Latin nezincwadi, efunda imisebenzi emihle nge-rop. Kodwa-ke, uHugo waqala ukubhala okungathandeki nezinkondlo ebuntwaneni, efunda eLouisig Louisig, kusukela ngo-1812. Le nsizwa yayivame ukuba ngumlobi wemidlalo emibonweni yesikole ethuthukisiwe: amatafula aguquliwe asebenza njengendawo yosencane, futhi izingubo zesiteji zinqunywe izandla zezingane ezingenamibala ephepheni elinemibala nekhadibhodi.

Lapho umfana eneminyaka eyi-14, waphefumulelwa ummeleli wokuqala wezothando uFrancois Shatubrands futhi waphupha ukuthi imbongi yaseFrance. Kudayari ye-autobiographical, umlobi wesikhathi esizayo we- "Cathedral of the Parisian STEADION" wabhalwa ngokuhunyushwa kwezidalwa Vergil 10 Tetradok: Umfana wabe esekwimodi yesibhedlela ngenxa yabalimele emlenzeni wakhe.

Kamuva, insizwa yokuzilimaza yathola umbhalo wesandla, eqoqwe ngokucophelela ngunina, futhi yashisa imisebenzi yakhe, ibheka ukuthi wayekwazi ukuvumelanisa okuhle nokubhala. Encwadini yokugcina yokugcina, uVictor ubhala ukuthi ayinangqondo futhi udonsela isithombe seqanda, ngaphakathi kwenkukhu etholakala kuyo.

Lapho uViktor eneminyaka eyi-15, wazibonakalisa njengomxhasi osobala wobukhosi nobukhosi obugxile ekulweni nama-classicistics.

Ngo-1813, i-hugo encane ibamba iqhaza emncintiswaneni obhaliwe, omelela amalungu e-Jury Omu ngezinzuzo zesayensi, ama-les avantages des, okuthola ukubuyekezwa ngentshiseko. Amanye amajaji awakholwanga ukuthi umlobi wenkondlo waphiliswa 15, ngoba emsebenzini weVictor wacabanga njengendoda endala enesibukezo sombuso.

UVictor Hugo wabhala hhayi amanoveli kuphela, kodwa futhi nezinkondlo

Umlobi osemusha wancoma umkhosi weBourbon ngemisebenzi: U-Odu "ngokubuyiselwa kwesithombe sikaHeinrich IV", le nsizwa yathola ukunakwa kanye nokwamukelwa kwabaphathi baseFrance abakhokhele ithalente labasha. Bekumele ngikhuthaze imali ngendlela, njengoba uLeopold wenqabile ukusiza indodana yezezimali ngenxa yokungavumelani kwalokhu kungena esikoleni sePolytechnic.

Lapho umfana eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala, yena, kanye noMfowethu Abela, ubhekene nokushicilelwa kwalo magazini ngegama elithandekayo elithi "ukulondolozwa okukhohlisayo", kanye neqoqo "owayephumelela embongile umphakathi wezezimali.

Izincwadi zikaGyu zazenza umuntu inkambo yezothando, nasemibhalweni yoMlobi, isici sezenhlalo noma sezepolitiki sasivame ukufihlwa, kanti isici sothando sesiNgisi sikaBaron sasisebenza, umuntu ophethe umsebenzi owubuntu obukhona.

Izakhamizi zaseFrance kwakudingeka zigcine ukungalingani komphakathi, izigaxa ezingcolile, ukungampofu, ubugqila, ukuziphatha okuncibilikisiwe kwabesifazane nezinye izinto zokuphila, yize iParis yayithathwa njengedolobha lothando. UHugo, njenganoma yimuphi umlobi, wayengumuntu oqaphileyo owayekhathazekile ngeqiniso eliseduze. Ngaphezu kwalokho, emisebenzini yakhe, uVictor akazange ajule umongo wokuxabana komphakathi, ezama ukufakazela abafundi ukuthi izinkinga zomphakathi zizoxazululwa kuphela lapho umuntu efunda ukwazisa ngokuziphatha nokuziphatha okuhle.

Imvamisa, imisebenzi yoMlobi waseFrance yayingezepolitiki, enonotho lokuqala elingathi sína "ngosuku lokugcina lokugwetshwa ngokufa" (1829) Umlobi uchaza isikhundla sakhe ekukhanyiselweni kwenhlawulo yekufa, elungisa imicabango nofulawa we Iqhawe elibhaliwe, lalizobhubha.

Futhi, umqondo wefilosofi uwumsebenzi kaViktor Hugo "Umuntu ohlekayo" (U-Pre-Victor wayefuna ukubiza igama elithi elilotshwe "ngokuhleleka kwenkosi") elibhalwe ngumlobi. Inoveli ichaza ukwethuka kobudlova benhlalo, okwenziwe yiVerkhovna. Umsebenzi utshela ngeNkosi Guinplane, okwakusebuntwaneni bakhe ubuso bokukhipha indlalifa esihlalweni sobukhosi kanye nesimo. Ngenxa yokuphansi kwangaphandle, umfana waphathwa njengomuntu wesibili okungahleliwe, anganaki amaqembu akhe amahle.

"Yenqatshiwe"

Inoveli "ebunjiwe", yabhalwa yiHugo ngo-1862 - ingaphezulu komsebenzi weFrance umlobi, kamuva wahlungwa yifilimu ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Umqondo wesakhiwo semibhalo uqukethe izinkinga ezinzima zempilo ezungezile, njengendlala nobumpofu, ukuwa kwamantombazane kuya ekufebeni ngenxa yesigaba sesinkwa, kanye nokunqunyelwa kwesigaba esiphakeme kakhulu, okwakungamandla .

Ukukhiqizwa komsebenzi kunguJean Valzhan, ongowomndeni olambile weba eBakelochka. Ngenxa yobugebengu obukhulu, le ndoda yathola ingqala iminyaka engu-19 ejele, kwathi ngemuva kokuphuma kokwenza kwaba yintando kwakungu-Odoncast lowo waphucwa ilungelo lokuphila okuthule.

Imbuzi. Umzekeliso wencwadi uViktor Hugo

Naphezu kwesikhundla esidabukisayo emphakathini, iqhawe lomRoma linomgomo - ukwenza intombazane engenakhaya i-goat ijabule.

Ngokusho kwababhali bakaFrance, le ncwadi isekelwe emicimbini yangempela: Ngo-1846 Hugo uqobo wabona indoda eboshwe ngenxa yesiqeshana sesinkwa.

Gavrosh. Umzekeliso wencwadi uViktor Hugo

Futhi, uVictor uchaza impilo yomfana wePerky - eSyrota Gavrosh, ofa ngesikhathi soMbuni Juni esedlule ngo-1831.

"Cathedral of the Parisian Ithi Lady Yethu"

Umqondo we- "Cathedral of the Paris Mama Lady" uvela kuViktor Hugo ngo-1828, futhi le ncwadi ngokwayo ishicilelwe ngo-1831. Ngemuva kokushicilelwa kwe-Hugo Roman iba ngumsunguli: Umbhali waba ngumFulentshi wokuqala owabhala a sebenza ngesithonjana esingokomlando.

UVictor wathembela kokuhlangenwe nakho komlobi odumile womhlaba - isazi-mlando saWalter Salter Scott. "Isonto lesonto laseParisian le ntokazi yethu" lalinenhloso yezepolitiki: Ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe, umbhali wakwaRoma wadlala kabusha ukwakhiwa kabusha kwezikhumbuzo zamasiko.

Ngakho-ke, i-Gothic Cathedral eParis, yiziphi iziphathimandla ezazizodiliza, zaba yiqhawe eliyinhloko lomsebenzi. URoman utshela ngonya kubantu kanye nokulungiswa kwaphakade okuhle nokubi. Le ncwadi iyamangaza futhi ikhuluma nge-quasimodo embi, othandweni nobuhle be-Esmeralda - okuwumhlali weParis kuphela, ongazange ahlekise inceku empofu yethempeli. Ngemuva kokushona kweHugo, umsebenzi wawuvikelwe: Kwakususelwa ku-Adrere Dame Dame "(1996).

Impilo yomuntu siqu

Impilo yomuntu siqu Hugo ngokwakhe wazihlukanisa nohlobo lobuhlobo nabobulili obuhlukile. Ebusheni, umbhali uthandana no-Adel Fusha, omele ohlobayo ojwayelekile. Ngo-1822, othandekayo washada. Izingane ezinhlanu zinezingane ezinhlanu (ingane yokuqala yafa ebuntwaneni), kepha ubuhle bakwa-Adel baqala ukunganaki iHugo: Akazange acabangele umlingani ongumbhali onekhono futhi akazange afunde umugqa owodwa emisebenzini yakhe. Kepha lona wesifazane washintsha umyeni wakhe nomngane wakhe uSanta-Beva, wenqaba uVictor enjabulweni yenyama, noma yimiphi ukuthintwa kombhali wacasulwa intombazane eyekile, kodwa wayencamela ukuthula ngengcebo.

Kamuva, iHugo ithandana nekhethini lezwe - ubuhle bobuhle, obutholakala yiNkosana ye-Anatoly Demidov, ngaphandle kokwenqaba intombazane ngokunethezeka. Ukudluliswa okusha ngathandana nomlobi othi umbhali owayefuna ukuqeda inoveli enendoda ecebile. Kepha ebudlelwaneni obuphakathi kweHugo, kwavela ukuthi uyisiphukuphuku kakhulu: kusuka kuMlobokazi omusha owayegqoke ngomusa waphenduka intokazi entsha, eyayigqoka izimbaza: Umbhali weRomanov wakhipha imali encane yezindleko futhi alawulwa wonke umuntu osetshenzisiwe.

Umnqobi omusha othandekayo waba nephupho lokuba ngumlingisi, kepha umbhali akazange enze noma yimuphi umzamo ukuze intombazane ithole indima yeshashalazi.

Kamuva, uthando lwe-Julte's Wrild Julte lupholile, futhi wayengamelene nokuzijabulisa namantombazane ngobusuku obubodwa, ngoba ukwamukelwa kwawo kuhlelwe isikhundla esihlukile endlini yakhe.

Ukushona

Umlobi omkhulu ushonele entwasahlobo ka-1885 evela ku-pneumonia. Umlayezo ngokufa kukaViktor Hugo Mig wandiza ezungeze yonke iFrance, izigidi zabantu abasosizini futhi bahlanganyela emngcwabeni wombhali wamanoveli angafi.

Enye yezindawo eziyizintandokazi zabalandeli bakaHugo wabalandeli kwakuyisiqhingi saseJersey, lapho uVictor ebambe iminyaka eyi-3 ejabulile futhi wazembula njengembongi.

I-Bibliography

"Yenqatshiwe"
"Cathedral of the Parisian Ithi Lady Yethu"
"Umuntu Ohleka"
"Usuku Lokugcina Lokugwetshwa Ukufa"
"Unyaka wamashumi ayisishiyagalolunye nantathu"
"Kozett"
"Abasebenzi basolwandle"
"Gavrosh"
"Claude ge"
"U-Ernani"

Amacaphuna

"Beka kwalasha ngokungazi, futhi ubhubhisa ukunamathiselwe kwamacala";
"Abantu abakhulu abavami ukubonakala bodwa";
"Imibono iyi-rare game ehlathini lehlathi";
"Downtown, ngubani owazi indlela, ingaphezu komkhomisi, enikela ngokungahleliwe";
"Akukhathalekile kimi, ngamandla akhe eceleni; Kubalulekile ohlangothini lukabani olulungile ";
"Indoda igqilaze umphefumulo wowesifazane kuphela, kodwa futhi nomzimba wayo, futhi imvamisa umzimba kunomphefumlo. Umphefumlo - sithandwa, umzimba uyinkosikazi. "