Umlando Wemilingiswa
UDon Quixote - iqhawe lenoveli kaMiguel de Cervantes, wome eRerorach umhlaba. Amakhasi encwadi elandelwa ukungqubuzana. Yimuphi umhlaba empeleni nokuthi umlingiswa ophambili ubona kanjani izinto ezihlukile. I-Romanticalzation idlalwa ngehlaya elidala elihle, futhi izifiso zakhe azisizi ngalutho. Ngaleso sikhathi, amaComan Cervantes abenomthelela omkhulu ekuthuthukisweni kwesiko lomhlaba.Umlando Wokudalwa Komlingiswa
I-Spaniard Miguel de Cervantes inqume ukujabulisa izincwadi ze-Knight ngemuva kokufunda incwadi ethi "Invuza Romance". Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi kwalotshwa umsebenzi oyisisekelo wama-cervantes ejele. Ngo-1597 umbhali wawela amabha ngamacala okuchitha imali yomphakathi.
Umsebenzi weMiguel de Cervantes uqukethe amavolumu amabili. Owokuqala - "I-Chit Roma Hidalgo Don Quixote Laman" - Kilrds saw ngo-1605, kanti noveli olandelayo obizwa ngokuthi "ingxenye yesibili ye-knight dog Quixote evela eminyakeni eyishumi. Unyaka wokubhala - 1615th.
Umlobi uHerman Arsinegas uthe umnqobi waseSpain uGonza hernenes de cesada wakhonza njenge-nod quesa destotype. Le ndoda yahamba kakhulu futhi yaba yinto yokuqala ye-Eldorado engaqondakali.
Biography nesithombe Don Quixote
I-biography yeqhawe eliphakeme lezincwadi livalwe nge-halo yemfihlakalo. Umbhali ngokwakhe wabhala ukuthi igama langempela lomlingiswa lihlala liqagela kuphela, kodwa, mhlawumbe, umgibeli ubizwa nge-Alonso khakhan. Yize abanye bakholelwa ukuthi isibongo sakhe se-kihad noma i-cesada.IHe iqhawe elinenhle lamaqhawe akhetha ngokwakhe, echitha isonto ecabanga. Isimilo esibhaliwe sahlala edolobhaneni laseLaman. Impahla ayizange ihluke ekucebeni: UKhakhana wayephethe umkhonto womndeni, isihlangu sakudala, i-klyach yakudala nenja.
Indoda eneminyaka engamashumi ayisihlanu yachitha izinsuku nobusuku bokufunda amanoveli amakhomathi, ngenkathi eshayela ezamehlela ezinesibindi. Ngesinye isikhathi, uKahahahan wabona ukuthi wayengafani nezinhlamvu eziqanjiwe, ezinesibindi futhi ezinesibindi. Ngaphezu kwalokho, le ndoda endala yayinesithukuthezi, futhi umphefumulo wafuna izinhlobonhlobo ne-adventure.
Amakhasi Ebhuku Lomuntu Othandekayo afuna ukuba yiqhawe elizulazulayo. Wahola izembatho zakhe ekubukekeni kwakhe kahle futhi wasungula igama lehhashi elithembekile - ivelele. Indoda yanikeza isidlaliso esinjalo esilwaneni esingewona isimo sengozi. Igama lehhashi lakhe liwuhlobo lomdlalo wamagama: I-Rocin ekuhumusheni kusho ukuthi "Klyach", kanye nengxenye yesibili yeZwi - Ante - Kuhunyushwa ngokuthi "ngaphambili, ngaphambili."
Leli qhawe lalingazi ngalowokuqala, ukuthi umhambi kufanele athole intokazi athole intokazi yakhe kwakungu-Aldonsua Lorenza, okuyi-protagonist yomsebenzi womsebenzi owenziwa yiDulcinea Tobos. Manje yahlala ezintweni ezincane: ukubeka omunye umkhaza ku- "knityly uhlu", udinga ukuhamba ngomgwaqo.
Yini eyayingeyona kuphela ngesikhathi somlingiswa! Ukuxhaphaza kwakhe nokucabanga akuyazi imingcele. Isibonelo, esikhundleni sama-windmill, i-Idalgo ibona izilo ezinkulu kakhulu futhi, ngoba isikweletu sesikweletu sokusindisa umhlaba, sibangela "imidondoshiya.
Ngeshwa, iFortuna yayingahlali imomotheka ngenkani eyinhloko, eyake yalahlekelwa yi-knight yenyanga emhlophe. Ngakho-ke, umthandi weRomanov wanquma ukuzisusa emisebenzini yamakhompiyutha unyaka owodwa futhi kanye ne-sancho Panchoy eshiye idolobha elidekelekayo futhi waba ngumalusi.
Ekupheleni kwale ncwadi, isihambi saqala ukwehla, ngaphambi kokushona kwakhe, umqondo wakhe wawucacile: Umlingiswa oyinhloko wazonda amanoveli aseNkantolo futhi wazitholela igama elisha - u-Alonso Kihano. I-knight yenze iTestamente futhi yafa kuChristian, njengoba iQhawe elizulazulayo alizange lihambe.
Naphezu kwezimfanelo ezingezinhle, umlingiswa ophambili wabasinda eRoma ukhiqiza umbono omuhle, ngoba kunzima ukungayithandi ingane endala eyakhetha umcabango ocebile emhlabeni onesicefe kanye nemvelo. Washaya izinhliziyo hhayi nje kuphela emaphakathini, kodwa futhi ne-diaspora yemibhalo: uGeorge Byron, uVictor Hugo, u-Ivan Turgenev nabanye abantu abadumile be-prose bazamile ukunikeza isimilo seqhawe.
Abaphenyi baletha ubuhlakani obusha bomuntu, kanye nomqondo wefilosofi, obizwa ngokuthi "i-donosottias". Izici eziphambili zomlingiswa othiwa yi-Don Quixhot, i-naivety nangokuthakazelelwa.
Don Quixote kusiko
Inoveli ihunyushelwa kuzo zonke izilimi zaseYurophu futhi ishicilelwe kakhulu ukusakazwa okukhulu. Lokhu kungokwesibili ngokuthandwa kwencwadi, kuphuma eBhayibhelini. Namuhla, ungathenga umsebenzi omkhulu kunabo bonke kunoma yisiphi isitolo sezincwadi, kanye nasezingosini ze-Intanethi, njengelebhu.
Abalobi kanye nezazi zefilosofi nazo zidingida isithombe seSpaniard yabantu abasindayo. Ukuphenduka kwamakhulu eminyaka we-XIX-XX kwaba isikhathi sokuzalwa kabusha kweqhawe, njengoba izwe lijoyine inkinga yezwe lonke.
I-ablusion ethandekayo kwinoveli kwakuyincwadi ethi "Indlela kaDon Quixote" Umlobi u-Asorina. Ngo-1905, uMiguel de Unmonuno wabhala ukuthi "Impilo Don Quixote neSancho." U-UNMUNO akazange afune ukushicilela indatshana engokomlando noma ebucayi, futhi umbhalo wakhe wesandla akazange afune isihloko secala lefilosofi. Le ndatshana ingumzamo wokuvula okushiwoyo okushiwo "Don Quixote", ukuyikhulula ngaphansi kwegunya 'umzali'.
Ifilimu lokuqala lisuselwa encwadini yomlobi waseSpain yango-1903. Lona ngumsebenzi wezincwajana ezivela eFrance Suckin Nong noFernana Zekka. Ifilimu langaphambilini elihlungiwe yiGaumont ngonyaka we-1898 aligcinwanga.
Ikhulu le-XX lethule umhlaba inqwaba yezihlangu zenoveli engafi. Phakathi kwazo, babela isithombe sikaGeorge Wilhelm Pabsta 1933. Iqhaza eliphambili ladlalwa ngumculi waseRussia Fyodor Chaliapin. Phambilini, usevele wazama isithombe sikaDon Quixote e-Opera. UShalwapin, ngombono wabaphenyi, wazalelwa ukudlala le ndima, ngoba iningi lempilo yakhe elichithwa ekuvuneni emhlabeni wonke.
Induna ye-Opera Jules Mass yenzeke ngo-1910 eMonte Carlo. Umqambi waseFrance unobudlelwano obunobungane neFedor Shalyapin, ngakho-ke wabhala indima enkulu ngaphansi kwakhe.
E-cinema yaseSoviet, umsebenzi kaGregory Korintsyva 1957 wazihlukanisa. Indima ye-Knight-Travellermer yenze uNikolai Cherkasov. Ngokuvamile, ukwenziwa kwale filimu kwakungu "Golden" - Georgy Vivin, Yuri Tollauyev, Galina Volchek.
Ukuhunyushwa okunesibindi kakhulu kwenoveli kubhekwa njengo "Don Quixote" Oron Wells. I-American Classic yaqala ukubuyela emuva ngo-1957 kwathi iminyaka engu-15 yathuthukiswa ekuqopheni. Kepha u-hessis noPatrasi kaFranco wase-Irigoen baqedwa. Bavuselela ukudubula ngo-1992. Ifilimu lithole impendulo exubile kusuka kubagxeki.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- UMiguel Cervantes wahlela incwadi yakhe njenge-parody, futhi iqhawe ngokwakhe uDon Quixote lasungulwa ukugibela. Kepha isazi sefilosofi esidumile uFriedrich Nietzsche saphawula ukuthi okushiwo yinoveli kuwubuhlungu kunabo bonke emlandweni wonke wesintu.
- Umlingisi we-actor ne-cinema umlingisi uVladimir Zeldin uthole umklomelo weSoviet Union ngendima enkulu emlandweni "ovela eLamanchi".
- NgoJuni 25, 1994, izilaleli zabona i-ballet zibizwa ngokuthi "uDon Quixote, noma ubuhlanya obuhle." I-Libretto yabhala uBoris Eifman.
- Yize incwadi kaMiguel de Cervantes iba ngumthengisi womhlaba, isimo sombhali esibonakalayo sasingahlome kuphela.
Amacaphuna
Ungathukutheli uma usho okuthile okungathandeki. Phila eLani ngonembeza wakho, futhi vumela abantu bathi bacabanga. Bopha ulimi kumuntu obulalekayo futhi akunakwenzeka, ukuthi ungayithola kanjani insimu yesango. "Manje ungabona umuntu ongenalwazi lwe-adventure," kusho uDon Quixote. - Lawa ngama-giants. Futhi uma wesaba, shayela uthandaze, Okwamanje, ngizongena empini enonya nokungalingani nabo. Uma umuntu eyake waba nenduna yezobulungiswa ezandleni zakho, ake yenzeke ngaphandle kwe Ubulukhuni bezipho, kepha ngaphansi kwengcindezi ngenxa yozwela. Lapho abesifazane abahle noma amantombazane anesizotha befika udumo futhi bavumele imilomo yabo ukuba ihambise yonke imingcele yenhliziyo yabo, khona-ke lokhu kusho ukuthi zilethwe ngokweqile. Ukukhishwa - Indodakazi yokuziqhenya nenye yezono ezinkulu kunazo zonke ezikhona kuphela ekukhanyeni. Yiba ngokulingana ngokuphuza kulokhu kucatshangelwa ukuthi umuntu ophuzile akazethembi, akagcini izimfihlo futhi akazifeli izithembiso.I-Bibliography
- 1605 - "Sula Hidalgo Don Quixote Laman"
- 1615 - "ingxenye yesibili ye-knight don Qon Quixote evela eLamanchi"
Izics
- Ngo-1903 - UDon Quixote (France)
- 1909 - UDon Quixote (USA)
- Ngo-1915 - UDon Quixote (USA)
- Ngo-1923 - UDon Quixote (U-United Kingdom)
- Ngo-1933 - UDon Quixote (France, Germany, United Kingdom)
- Ngo-1947 - UDon Quixote waseLamanchi (Spain)
- 1957 - UDon Quixote (USSR)
- Ngo-1961 - UDon Quixote (Yugoslavia) (ikhathuni)
- Ngo-1962 - UDon Quixote (Finland)
- Ngo-1964 - DulCinea Tobos (France, Spain, Germany)
- Ngo-1972 - Umuntu waseLamanchi (USA, Italy)
- 1973 - - Don Quixote (Spain, Mexico)
- 1997 - UDon Quixote Returns (Russia, Bulgaria)
- 1999 - Ama-Knights afakiwe (Russia, Georgia)
- I-2000 - i-knight yokugcina (USA)