Umlando Wemilingiswa
U-Ivango - iqhawe lenoveli likaWalter Scott, obhekwa njenge-vertex yobuciko boMlobi. Ngibonga kuye, isifiso sothando endulo naseChivalry siphinde sazalwa kabusha emphakathini. Iminyaka engama-200 kusukela ngosuku lokushicilelwa, inoveli yahunyushelwa emashumini ezilimi.Umlando Wokudalwa Komlingiswa
Umlingiswa osemqoka, encazelweni lapho kwakhiwa khona icebo, kwakuyi-knight ye-avego. Ngesikhathi kukhishwa ukusakazwa kokuqala ngo-1814, le ncwadi yamenyezelwa njengenoveli ye-adventure. Izilaleli zabantu abadala zijabulela, futhi namuhla zifunda intsha. Ukuchazwa kwempilo ye-Medieval Knights abantu abambalwa abashiya abanandaba.
Ku-bibliography kaWalter Scott, oqukethe izincwadi ezingama-28 ohlontsweni lwenoveli yomlando, u-Ivanho ume eceleni. Kuboniswa ngokuthembekile ngesikhathi sokubusa kukaRichard kobhalwe kuqala njengenhliziyo yengonyama, kodwa ngezinye izikhathi ama-portraits ongoti agcwele ubuciko aguqulwa ngobuciko ukudala izinhloso ezibucayi. Esingenisweni sakwa-Ivanho, umbhali uyachaza ukuthi waphefumulelwa lapho ecabanga ngengxenye yezithombe zesimanje namasiko anama-Ared Age kanye namasiko okwenza i-latteon. UWalter Scott ukhathazekile kuphela ngokuvumelanisa, wesaba ukonakalisa ukudluliswa komcabango ophambili kumfundi.
Amanoveli ahlanganisa iziza zezinganekwane nama-ballads, incazelo yezici zomlando wesikhathi, izindawo ezilula amaqhawe alula. Ngenxa yokucabanga kombhali kumakhasi achaza izinhlamvu ezingasebenza njengezibonelo zokulingisa. Ngaphambi komphakathi, kwembulwa izisusa eziyiqiniso eziyiqiniso zeScotland nezesiNgisi.
Indaba yokudalwa kwenoveli ithi okwangempela uWalter Scott wayefuna ukushicilela inoveli ngaphansi kwegama lomunye umuntu. Ngaphambi kwalapho, usethole udumo njengomlobi wencwadi ethi "Waverley, noma eminyakeni engamashumi ayisithupha edlule," futhi wayezibuza ukuthi ingabe umphakathi uyakwazi ngaphansi kwe-pseudonym. Kodwa-ke, kamuva ummemezeli wanqabela umlobi kulo mqondo ukuze le ncwadi ayinakuphazamisa ukunaka kwemisebenzi yakhe yangaphambili futhi ayincintisane nabo.
I-Biography nesithombe se-avengo
Umlingiswa ophambili womsebenzi nguWilfred Avengo, omele uhlobo lwasendulo nendodana yasendulo ye-CEDERTIC. Uyise uyakuzonda uNorman futhi aqiniseka ukuthi othandweni indodana yakhe, i-Lady Rovna, udinga ukushada ngempumelelo iSaxon Knight. Lokhu kufinyelela ukhiye ukungqubuzana komndeni nesizathu sokuncishwa kweNdodana yamafa. Isinqumo esinjalo seCedric samukelwe ngemuva kokwamukelwa kwe-oison ngokuthembeka kwenkosi yesiNgisi.UWilfred uyisibonelo sendoda ejwayelekile yaleyo nkathi. Iqhawe lisencane, kahle, lithule futhi linesibindi. I-Knight ingumnikazi wamakhono okulwa futhi ngesikhathi semincintiswano esePalestine iba ukunqoba, ukunqoba iBuagilber. Umlobi unaka imizwa yokuthanda izwe le-Hero eyinhloko, waphawula ukuntuleka kwesikhundla ku-Normannam: UWilfred uyaqiniseka ukuthi bavusa abantu abavamile, bavusa ubutha kanye nentukuthelo phakathi kwabo.
Ngobudlelwano namantombazane e-Ivangen iziphatha ngokungafanele. Izithombe Zowesifazane Emsebenzini Emboty Lady Roven noRebekka (Rebecca). Inhliziyo ye-knight ingeyentombazane yokuqala. Ubhala izinkondlo zakhe, ezisele zipholile ngokuzenzela uphikisana nalowo ophindiweyo othandekayo. Kumuntu akekho umqondo wenkululeko kulolu daba. Ngokungafani neNkosi, ayikwazi ukukhathazeka futhi igcina ukwethembeka kokukhethwayo, okungaphezu kwesilingo, kugxeka amadoda anzima futhi azigcina ngesizotha.
Njengomlingiswa oqhubekayo womsebenzi omusha, u-Aveno ubona amathemba ngokuvumelana. Ngakho-ke, ugqugquzela ukuphikiswa kwezwe, alethe inkosi futhi abe ngumngane wayo eCrusade. Ngenxa yesinqumo sikaYise esingalindelekile, umuntu kufanele akhohlwe ngefa. Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, i-cedric ithambe futhi iba nokubekezelela ngokwengeziwe isenzo sendodana.
Umqondo oyinhloko womlobi wawungumfanekiso we-Kingood - zombili izindlela zokuphila kanye nomfanekiso wemicabango. I-Aivengo isiza abaswele futhi ivikele ukuhlupheka, naphezu kwezingozi. Iqhawe elithembekile nelilungile liza ngosizo luka-Isaka, lisindisa isimo somJuda, futhi limvikele ekuhlaselweni kweBuagilbera. UWilfred ungumpetha wenkolo yobuKristu, izenzo eziningi ze-knight zichazwe yimiyalo nokholo.
"I-Knight ngaphandle kokwesaba nokuhlambalaza" ichaza iqhawe likaWalter Scott, enikeza iwadi yalo ngezimpawu ezinhle. Inhliziyo kaRichard Lion ye-Ivango akuyona nje inkosi, kepha isampula okufanele ilingane. Ezimpini zezwe elingcwele, uWilfred uzuza okuhlangenwe nakho okubaluleke kakhulu, kusho okuhle ekushiseni kobusha futhi uqhubeke nokubonisa ukuvuthwa kwezixazululo nezenzo.
Ukuchazwa okugcwele kwesithombe se-Chief Hero akunakwenzeka ngaphandle kokuqhathanisa nabaphikisana naku-protagonists. Naphezu kokuxabana noyise Sedrik, u-Aveno ubhekisela kumzali ngenhlonipho. Imibono yendoda endala izokwenza sengathi umbono wangempela, lapho uWilfred athambekele khona, kodwa amasiko nezihlobo kusho okuningi kweqhawe. Akuhlukaniswa ngobubi nangokuxhumana ngenhlonipho noSedrik.
URoven usebenza njengoWilfred othandekayo noMngane Wokuqonda Othembekile. Imvelo yayo evinjelwe iphikisana nomsindo kaRebeka. UmJuda osemusha uyimbangela yempi phakathi kwe-Ivango noBrian de Baagilber. Ekuhlonipheni kwe-konu yentombazane. UScott wachaza i-duel ngendlela yokuthi kucace: uWilfred awuwina isiqalo somzimba, kodwa ukumelana nomoya.
Umbhali uvumele umlingiswa ophambili wokuzimela azwakalise izimiso zokuphila kanye nemihlahlandlela eyinhloko eyayiqondiswa ngu-Ivango ngokunquma. Isilinganiso esingalibaleki ku-Novel sasiwumfanekiso womlingiswa:
Izithiyo nobunzima ngokwengeziwe, udumo oluzayo.Yize uWalter Scott lapho enza inoveli ebiyelwe emithonjeni yomlando, okunye okungalungile kwalethwa yinoveli. Isibonelo, i-Jerester Vamba yenza sengathi iyindela yaseFranciss ukuze ifike enqabeni yeTorvilstone, kepha lo myalo ngesikhathi seNoveli bekungakabikho. Kukhona futhi ukushiwo ngesigodlo sezindela saseKarmeliti, kodwa empeleni kwavela umphakathi we-monastic wamaKarmeli wavela cishe eminyakeni engama-40 kamuva.
I-Avengo kumafilimu
Encwadini efihlekile ama-kinocarte amane. Ifilimu lokuqala mayelana ne- "Ivanho" yaqhubeka ngezikrini ngo-1952. Uqokwe kathathu ku-Oscar. Iphrojekthi yeRichard Torpe yavula ngale mbobo, eyaqala i-trilogy yama-knights. Izinhliziyo zezilaleli zanqoba ukuhlolwa kwango-1982, lapho umlingisi u-Entew Andrew Actor egcwalisiwe indima enkulu.
Ngo-1982, ifilimu yaseSoviet "i-Ballada mayelana ne-valiant knight yaseVight ye-Avengo" yashicilelwa, izingoma zayo zabhala futhi zabulala iVladimim Vysotsky. Umqondisi uSergey Tarasov ngobuciko babuyisa kahle lo mdlandla weNcwadi nothando, futhi banikezela umoya wenkathi evukelayo.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- URoman "Ivango" waqashelwa njengama-Classics abhaliwe ngekhulu le-XIX. Emagazini wokuqala, lo msebenzi wathengiswa ukusakazwa okungakahlelwanga kwezincwadi eziyizinkulungwane eziyi-10.
- Isakhiwo semisebenzi yeScott salala phansi kwe-opera emibili. Namuhla esiteji ungabona uMculo "Ivango. Treasure Island ". Inganekwane ye-fair knight yaboniswa kusiko le-POP ngesimo sokwakheka kweqembu le-Mirage.
- Igama lenoveli azange lihlale lizwakala sengathi umfundi wanamuhla asetshenziswe. Abahumushi bekhulu le-XIX badlula egameni le-valeant knight njenge-Ivanang noma i-Ivanchoe.
Amacaphuna
Imali inamandla afanayo phezu kwezingqondo ezimbi zalaba bantu ababi, njengasezikhathini zasendulo uphawu lukaSolomoni ngemimoya emibi. Uma ijaji lithola umusho kusenesikhathi. Ulimi lubona kalula izimfihlo ungathanda ukucasha. Inhliziyo yomuntu inyumbazane inyunyana yobubi kangakanani ngaphansi kwesenzo somlilo.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1819 - "Ivango"
Izics
- 1952 - "I-Ivanho" (USA)
- 1970 - Ibergo (United Kingdom)
- Ngo-1982 - I-Ivanho (United Kingdom)
- Ngo-1982 - "I-Ballada ye-valeant knight ye-avengo" (USSR)
- 1997 - Ibergo (United Kingdom, United States)