Umlando Wemilingiswa
Imigwaqo embozwe yiqhwa, isihlahla sikaKhisimusi esigqoke, u-Olivier etafuleni ... uhlu lwezinhlamvu zoNyaka oMusha kwabahlali baseRussia ngeke luphelele ngaphandle kukaSanta Claus. Njalo ngonyaka isisusa esihle esihle senza izingane kanye nabantu abadala bakholelwe esimangaliso.
Isithombe sikaSanta Claus sasungulwa kancane kancane, songa imininingwane ye-East Slavic ikholelwa futhi umsebenzi wokubhala. Umkhulu wanamuhla, oza ngaphansi konyaka omusha ngesikhwama sezipho, ungumlingiswa omuhle, akaba ngaphezu kweminyaka eyi-100.
Ezinganekwaneni zamaSlavs aseMpumalanga ebusika wadubula ubuciko bokubanda kwamakhaza - trescun, Karachun kanye nobusika. UZiqu-zintathu weqa ephila wonke uphila, kepha wonke umuntu wayenomsebenzi wawo; inxeba lathunyelwa emazweni waya emazweni, alonakalise, ahlala phansi imithombo nemithombo endala enesiliva elide Intshebe, yaphenduka abantu nezilwane zaba yiqhwa. Ngalezo zinsuku, abantu babedinga izipho zemimoya eyingozi, hhayi okuphambene. Ngosuku lukaKhisimusi, banikelwa kuKuchel, amaKasul, ama-pancake kanye nama-kolobok abhakwe ngesicelo sokusindisa izilimo emasimini.
Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imimoya ibumbene nomlingiswa owodwa, futhi iqhwa - i-Vovode leqhwa lazinza ngobuciko babantu. Ezinganekwaneni nasezinganekwaneni, iNkosi yamakhaza nasePurigi yaphenduka okhokho abalukhuni, kodwa banamandla ngokwengeziwe, ngoba amandla aphindwe kathathu - amakhono emimoya edlule ahlanganiswa.
Umlobi uVladimir Odoyevsky wenza umnikelo wakhe ekwakhiweni kwesithombe sezincwadi zezincwadi zikaSanta Claus. Inganekwane "Moroz Ivanovich", okungu-1840, eqoqweni "lezinganekwane zikaMkhulu eRinea", ilandisa ngomhlali wezwe lezwe leqhwa, izingane ziwe kuzo. Emlandweni wemilingo, umlingisi ubekelwa endimeni yomeluleki omuhle nothisha - ngomsebenzi omuhle nokulalela, isithwathwa sinikeza i-heroine enhle ngezinhlamvu zemali zesiliva.
Ezincwadini zaseRussia zekhulu le-19, intandokazi yesikhathi esizayo yokuhlulwa yavela kaningana, kodwa konke ngendlela efanayo yeNkosi embi yebusika. Indoda endala nenamandla yaba ngumlingiswa oyinhloko wenkondlo uNekrasov "Frost - Ikhala elibomvu", ukudlala kwe-Alexander Ostrovsky "I-Opera Opera Nikolai Rimsky-Korsakov.
Ngaphambi kwemvume eRussia, bazama ukwenza isiko laseNtshonalanga lokugubha kukaKhisimusi, lapho umkhulu ongwevu ompunga uvele nezipho. Imvunulo yayisondelene nengqondo yaseRussia - yagqoka ikhehla egqoke ingubo yoboya namabhuzu, futhi abasebenzi babeka esandleni sakhe. Kodwa-ke, ukufana kukaNicholas noma i- "Old Rupracht" (Satellite of St Nicholas kuFolklore yaseJalimane) azange bamukele abantu. Futhi ukushona kwelanga kwekhulu le-19 kwaphawula ngokubonakala kwenganekwane "Morozko", lapho umlingisi aphenduka umkhulu omuhle, esimbonayo namuhla ekupheleni konyaka ngamunye.
I-Biography kaSanta Claus iyaphazamiseka ngokushintshwa kwamandla eRussia, ekuphakameni komkhankaso we-anti-salotics. Iqhawe eliphelele libuyiselwe ku-defector ngo-1936 kuphela - kanye nomzukulu wentombi yeqhwa, efanekisela amanzi aqandisiwe, wabusa i-New Year's ENDLELA ENTSHA. Kusukela lapho, umnikazi omuhle wezikhubekiso nama-blizzards anika izipho futhi asiza izingane ukuba zibhekane namabutho amabi lapho ebhekene neLeshgo, Baba Yagi nakwamanye amaqhawe amnandi.
I-Santa Claus Residence
Ekuqaleni kwe-perestroika, umnikazi oyinhloko wamaholide oNyaka oMusha waqala ukubeka ngezindawo zokuhlala zabo. Namuhla, uSanta Claus akanalo ikheli elilodwa - i-geography yesimilo soNyaka oMusha yelulwa eMormansk, nakuwo wonke amadolobha ungabhala incwadi ecela isipho sokuthi izingane zijabule nokwenza.
Ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980s, i-Arkhangelsk yamenyezelwa ngasekupheleni kuka-1980, kwamenyezelwa i-Arkhangelsk ngasekupheleni kwawo-1980, ngemuva kwesikhashana, umlingiswa uzinze ePeninsula yaseKola esihlakalweni sephrojekthi "Fabulous Lapland - ifa lataus". Kwathi ngo-1998, ngesandla esikhanyayo seMeya yaseMoscow, uYuri Luzhkov, omkhulu u-UsttyUG wathatha izivakashi zokuqala ezazifuna ukubona umkhulu weqhwa ngamehlo abo. Manje indawo yokuhlala yeVelologda ihlanganisa indlu kaSanta Claus, isikhathi sentombi yeqhwa, indlela enhle neposi kaSanta Claus.
Ngo-2011, lapho kusungulwa iziphathimandla zaseMurmansk eNorth City, kwakhiwa indlu yaseLapland Santa Claus. Futhi edolobheni laseKarelian, olonets uhlala ipakethe lesithwathwa esincane.
USanta Claus kwamanye amazwe
Uphawu lonyaka omusha lude, ezweni ngalinye kunomlingiswa oletha u-Eva kaKhisimusi noma ngo-Eva wonyaka olandelayo, izipho ezifiselekayo.
EMelika, e-Australia nase-UK zibheke phambili kuSanta Claus. EYurophu, amasiko alo, ngokusho kwalowo ongcwele uVasily eza ezindlini, e-Babbo Natali (Italy), uMikulas kanye neHedgages (Czech Republic kanye neSlovakia).
EFinland, isihlobo soMkhulu oMunu sikhulisa uJulupuk. Ukukhonza KwaseJapan Czegato-Sana, kanye neColumbian Papa Pasquille.
Isithombe e-cinema
Izinganekwane namafilimu abuciko ezihloko zoNyaka oMusha adadewazi ngezithombe zeNkosi yeqhwa nezebusika zasebusika. I-Classical Santa Claus, osabheka amaRussia "kwangempela", avezwe u-Alexander Row ngo-1965. Enganekwaneni, "Morozko" indima ka-Alexander Hervil - Umkhulu waqhamuka uqinile, uGrozny, kepha ngasikhathi sinye, okuhle nokuhle.
Ngo-1975, ukupenda kwezingane "unyaka omusha kaMasha noViti" beza ezikrinini, lapho kungezwa khona kuBaba-Yagi, iKota Matthery kanye ne-Frost yomkhulu, kumuntu we-Actor Efimov . Emlingo kanye nobuhle benganekwane yabantu abadala "Wizards", umlingisi obvary Zoolotukhin.
Abaqondisi basebenzisa isithombe ngangokunokwenzeka. Wavuza ngisho nasemanenekazi enhlanhla. Ngokwesimo sefilimu esiphothweni sabanikeli ngentshebe, uYevgeny Leonov waguqulwa, ecebisa isichazamazwi sesibukeli saseSoviet esibiz esinamaphiko:
"USanta Claus weza kuwe, waletha izipho kini. Fedna, woza lapha! Ungama-sneaker. Ejele kuzoba wusizo. "Izame isudi yoNyaka oMusha nabalingisi abadumile. Ngikhumbula abalandeli be-cinema yaseRussia uSanta Claus Alexander Zbrueva abavela "Mpofu uSasha" (1997), futhi, ne-zhenya Lukashin XXI Century, ebeka izimfanelo zendoda endala eneqhwa kwifilimu "i-Irony yekusasa. Ukuqhubeka ". Eminyakeni yango-2007, ngaphumelela inhliziyo kaNadi Konstantin Khabensky.
Iqhawe lothando lika-Oleg Yankovsky kusuka ku- "Woza ukuzongibona" (2000) eSanta Claus Ratoume kuletha umlingo endlini yentombi yakudala yaseTatyana. Futhi ukufika kwabadlali abasebenza kuMgogo NoNyaka oMusha, bakhombise u-Andrey ethambile kumahlaya "abeza kusihlwa ebusika" (2006).
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Eminyakeni emithathu yokuqala ngemuva kokuvulwa kwe- "House of Santa Claus" eGreat UStyTUG, ukugeleza kwezivakashi edolobheni kwanda kubantu abayizinkulungwane ezingama-32. Cishe iminyaka engama-20, umkhulu omuhle obabazekayo uthole imiyalezo engaphezu kwesigidi ezivela ezinganeni.
- Bhala incwadi eya ku-Kudesnik enhle kulula kunelula. Ikheli leSanta Claus: 162390, eRussia, esifundeni saseVerologdwa., Great UStyTUG. Imilayezo evela ezinganeni nayo ilinde imeyili ye-Intanethi yeSanta Claus.
- Izintatheli zehlabezele ubuntu bohlamvu olukhulu lweNyaka Olusha oluhlala esifundeni saseVerologda. Ngaphansi kwe-White Beard Hides Alilin, engazange ayiqonde ngisho nosuku lokuzalwa lwama-40. Eposini leNkosi uSanta Claus wezwe, indoda yathatha iminyaka engama-22. I-Zootechnic Kwezemfundo isiphenduke uchwepheshe emasikweni nasezokuvakasha ngaphansi kokuphathwa kwe-USTYTYG enkulu. Ukhuphuke uKudesnik oshadile waveza ngokushesha efulethini elinamakamelo amathathu, futhi endaweni kaMkhulu "umkhulu" umkhulu "webhizinisi elenziwayo - wavula isitolo sesikhumbuzo, lapho umthengisi afaka khona owakwakhe.
- Isimanje uSanta Claus ugubha usuku lokuzalwa ngoNovemba 18. Usuku aluthathwanga ophahleni - ngalolu suku, iRussia isivele imbozwe yiqhwa kanye nama-frosts ashaye endaweni eminingi.
- USanta Claus selokhu kwafika ama-50s ekhulu leminyaka elidlule kuvame ukuhambisa ukukhanya enkampanini yenkampani ebizwa ngokuthi unyaka omusha. Umlingiswa uzinze emakhadini eposini, egqoke ijazi elibomvu loboya nesigqoko esinosuku lwaseMnyakeni ozayo. Ukuthandwa kwengane kwahlala iminyaka engama-30, kwabe sekungekho.