I-Biograge
Le nqubomgomo ekhanyayo, iminyaka engama-30 yokupha izwe, ihlolwe ngezindlela ezihlukile. UMongameli wesithathu we-Azerbaijan Heydar Aliyev wagxuma kabili eHhovisi likaMongameli futhi wakwazi ukuletha iRiphabhulikhi, inyakaziswa yisiphithiphithi sezepolitiki nakwezomnotho, empilweni ezinzile. Kwabakwethu, uyiqhawe likazwelonke, yize abagxeki baka-Aliyev nabaphikisi banele ngesikhathi sokuphila, nangemva kokufa.
Isilinganiso sobuntu bakwaHeydar Aliyevich Aliyev sinjalo namhlanje uMnyango ubelokhu esebenza e-Azerbaijan Academy of Sciences ebizwa nge- "Aliaum Science Curnience". Abasebenzi bafunda i-Biyev Biography futhi bayaqiniseka ukuthi ungumlingisi omkhulu kakhulu wesifunda saseCaucasus.
Ubuntwana nentsha
UHeydar Aliyev ungowesine wezingane eziyisishiyagalombili emndenini wamaSulumane waseShimate, wazalwa ngoMeyi 1923. Abazali beMongameli yesikhathi esizayo - amanye amadolobhana kaJomartley (manje manje), kepha uHeydar wavela eNakhichevan, lapho umndeni wathuthela khona ukuzalwa kwengane yesine. Ikhanda lomndeni liyisisebenzi esitimela phambili. Ababelethi basebenza ubusuku nemini ukunikeza imfundo emadodaneni amahlanu namadodakazi amathathu.
UHeydar Aliyev ebuntwaneni wakwazisa ama-Arab, izilimi zaseTurkey nezamaPheresiya. Ngo-1939, ephothule iziqu e-Nakhichevan pedagogical technical School, u-Aliyev waya eBaku ngenhloso yokuba ngumfundi we-Institute Yezimboni. Ungene wakhetha ubuhlakani bezakhiwo, kepha wayengenaso isikhathi sokuthola idiploma: Impi yaqala.
UHeydar Aliyev oneminyaka engu-18 akathunyelwanga ngaphambili, kodwa eRiphabhuliki NKVD, lapho babephathiswe khona ukuhola uMnyango. Umuntu osemusha wakwazi ukusebenza eMkhandlwini Wama-Commusmers Abantu kanye Nezinhlaka Zokuphepha Zombuso.
Ipolitiki
Ngo-1945, uHeydar Aliyev waphothula iziqu zokubuyisela ezikoleni ngaphansi koMnyango Wezokuphepha Kahulumeni wase-USSR futhi wangena kwi-ACP (B). Abaphathi abasebasha basungule ubudlelwano nemisebenzi yeqembu yezinga eliphakeme kakhulu laseNakhichevan.
Ngo-1950, uHeydar Aliyev uthweswe iziqu eLeningrad School ngokubuyiselwa kwabasebenzi abasebenza nabaphethe i-MGB, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-7 wanikezwa idiploma ye-Azerbaijan State Institute, lapho u-Aliyev wafunda eFuzzle Yezindaba. Kuma-50s, ulwazi ngezilimi kwakuwusizo ku-Aliyevich: wakhonza ezinhlwini zokulwa ne-afghanistan, ePakistan, eTurkey nase-Iran.
Ngo-1960, uHeydar Aliyev waba yinhloko yokwahlukaniswa kweKomidi Lokwephula umthetho weKomiti Yezokuphepha Yombuso waseAzerbaijan, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka engu-4 usihlalo we-KGB yeRiphabhulikhi. Ukukhula kwamakhono kobuntu kushesha: Ngo-1967, uMajor Aliyev General wahola i-KGB yeRiphabhulikhi.
Ngo-1969, impi yokulwa nenkohlakalo e-Azerbaijan yathola umfutho. Ngemuva kokususa unobhala wokuqala weKomidi eliKhomidi lamaKhomanisi yePhathi lamaKhomanisi, i-Akhundov Post yathatha iHeydar Aliyev. Wenza isigwebo sejele ngamakhulu ongcolile esandleni sezinduna ezisezingeni eliphakathi ezaziphethe okuthunyelwe okuphezulu emabhizinisini nasemapulazini ahlangene ngokungenisa isigwebo sentambo ngalezi zindleko. Iminyaka engu-5, uHeydar Aliyev ngokuphelele "wahlanza" ubuholi beqembu leRiphabhulikhi, buthela esikhundleni sezingxenye ezimbili kwezintathu eziphezulu zezinkonzo.
Azerbaijan asuswe kahle izikhulu ezikhohlakele futhi wenza ijezi lezomnotho.
UMongameli Wokuqala waseAzerbaijan
Ukwamukela ubuholi bezwe ngo-1969, uHeydar Aliyev wadala izimo zokuthuthukiswa komkhakha, imboni yezolimo kanye ne-heyday yesiko laseAzerbaijan.
Ngo-1982, u-Aliyev waqokwa kuqala iPhini likaSihlalo woMkhandlu We-USSR oMkhandlu We-USSR futhi athuthele eMoscow. UHeydar Alieving wengamela izimboni, ezokuthutha, imboni ekhanyayo nemfundo. Iphini litholwe kuma-curatori amaningi aphambili ekwakhiweni kweBaikal Amur Highway.
Ngemuva kokufika kukaMikhail Gorbachev, uHeydar Aliyev wafika ehlazweni lonobhala jikelele, yize ngangisekela u-Mikhail Sergeevich. Ngokugxekwa kwenkambo yezindlu ethathwe yiGorbachev ekwakhiweni kabusha kwe-Aliyev, ukuhlaselwa eduze komuntu wokuqala wemisebenzi futhi washiya phansi. Wayenqatshelwe ukushiya inhloko-dolobha, eyayilingana nokuboshwa kwasekhaya. Okuhlangenwe nakho kwancishiswa yimpilo kaHeydar Aliyevich: kwatholakala ukuthi unesihlaselwa senhliziyo sokuqala.
Eminyakeni emibili ngaphambi kweminyaka yama-1990s, Heydar Aliyev - Impesheni. Uhlala eMoscow namaphupho okubuyela kwezepolitiki nasekhaya. Ngemuva kokubhujiswa kweSoviet Union, u-Aliyev washiya amanani eqembu lamaKhomanisi abuyele eNakhichevan. Ngo-1991, walibangisa uMkhandlu Ophakeme weNakhichevan ASS, kodwa ngokushesha uGeidar Aliyev okhethwe yiSekela likaSihlalo woMkhandlu Ophakeme waseAzerbaijan.
Isikhuthazo sombuso kanye nesiphetho samabutho aseRussia ngo-1993 siyinkimbinkimbi lesi simo embusweni. UHeydar Aliyev wabhekisa i-analogue of the State Duma - Milli Majlis, ebambe iqhaza ekuxazululeni izingxabano eNagorno-Karabakh. Ekwindla ngo-1993, uHeydar Alirz Ogly Aliyev ukhethwe nguMongameli, esethole ifa elinzima ngesimo somnotho ochithiwe kanye nesimo esingazinzile ezweni.
UHeydar Aliyev wenza konke okusemandleni ukumisa ubutha. Kwabe sekufika ulayini wezinguquko emkhakheni wezolimo kanye nasekuthuthukisweni kwama-petroleum amasimu. Ukushoda kwesabelomali 11.5% ngo-1994 kwehle ku-2.7% ngonyaka we-1999.
Ngaphakathi kwezwe, uMongameli ucindezele imizamo eminingana yinguqulo yoMbuso kanye namamitha ahlukanisiwe, izingxabano ezixazululiwe phakathi kwamaqembu. Ukuphikiswa kumemezele ukwethulwa kwe-Authoritanzisism kanye nobushiqela e-Azer, kepha abasekeli baka-Aliyev bakhomba ukusungulwa nokuvimba ukwehla komnotho, okungatholakali ngaphandle kwezindlela ezigunyaziwe.
NgoNovemba 1995, ngemuva kokhompiyutha ezweni lonke, kwamukelwa uMthethosisekelo omusha weRiphabhulikhi, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, isigwebo sentambo saqedwa e-Azerbaijan. Ukuqina kweMacroeconomic kutholakala ngokwakha uHeydar Aliyev kanye nabasekeli bayo besimo esihle sabatshalizimali basentshonalanga embonini yokucwengwa kwamafutha. Kepha indinganiso yokuphila yabantu yahlala iphansi: Ngo-2001, imali ephakathi yeAzerbaijanis yayisuka ku-50 kuye ku- $ 100. Ngenkohliso, imakethe yesithunzi kanye nokwehla kwamandla emali, yehlulekile ukusakazeka ekugcineni.
Ngo-Okthoba 1998, uHeydar Aliyev uqoke kabusha uMongameli waseAzerbaijan, ethola amavoti angama-76.1% amavoti abakwethuli.
Ngonyaka olandelayo, inhloko yombuso itholakala ekuhlaselweni kwenhliziyo. Ngo-1999 ofanayo ngo-1999, u-Aliyev wenza ukuhlinzwa: ukuvezwa kwenhliziyo. Ngo-2000, iCataract yasuswa eBaltimore, kwathi ngo-2002, emtholampilo, uCleveland wasebenza nendlala yendlala.
NgoJanuwari 2002, abaphikisi base-Azerbaijan bahlangene ukufeza ukususwa koMongameli obuthakathaka ngamandla, ethi Waphenduka izwe "echibini elikhulu".
Ngo-Ephreli 2003, uHeydar Aliyev, ekhuluma esigodlweni seRiphabhulikhi, enesifo senhliziyo. Onogada basiza u-Aliyev ukuthi ashiye lesi sehlakalo. Ngemuva kwemizuzu eyi-10, uMongameli ubuyile ukuzoqeda inkulumo, kepha washonelwa. NgoMeyi, inhloko yoMbuso yahlolwa esibhedlela samasosha eTurkey: wanciphisa umfutho wegazi. NgoJulayi, uHeydar Aliyev wayengokwelashwa futhi akazange avele phambi kwabantu. Kepha ukubamba iqhaza okhethweni olwaqala kuleliya lizwe: UMongameli kanye nendodana yakhe u-Ilham Aliyev babhalisile abantu uMongameli.
Ekuqaleni kuka-Agasti 2003, uHeydar Aliyev, inkonzo yaseRussia yezimo eziphuthumayo, yathunyelwa ngokuphuthumayo emtholampilo kaCleveland, kwathi ngo-Okthoba 2, u-Aliyev wacela kubantu base-Azerbaijan esiteshini sombuso wethelevishini, ememezela ubuthi bakhe bendodana ka-Ilham. Ngo-Okthoba 15, Aliyev Jr. waba ngumongameli omusha wezwe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1948, uHeydar Aliyev wayeholwa yiminye iminyango ye-MGB yeRiphabhulikhi. Kulonyaka, wahlangana nomkakhe wesikhathi esizayo - uZarrya, udokotela we-ophthalmologist ovela eDagestan derbent. Ubaba weZariffs - Silomiller Heydar Aliyev Aziyev Aliyev - wasebenza njengonobhala wokuqala womyalo weqembu eDagestan. Ngawo lowo nyaka, laba bahlanganisa ngokusemthethweni ubudlelwano.
Ngo-1955, u-Aliyev wazalwa endodaneni yaseSeville, kwathi ngemuva kweminyaka eyisithupha, kwavela indodana u-Ilham.
Abafowethu nodadewethu uHeydar Aliyev akahlobene nezepolitiki. UMfoweth 'u-Aguil, u-Aguil, uJalal noRafig udade - ososayensi. Umfowethu Omdala uHuseyn Aliyev ungumculi kazwelonke waseAzerbaijan. Odadewethu ababili - uShaffig noSura - bakhetha i-pedagogy nobuntatheli.
Ehlobo lika-1994, uHeydar Aliyev, owokuqala wabaholi be-Azerbaijani wenza i-hajj eMecca, eshiye umbhali ophendulayo encwadini yezivakashi ezihlonishwayo endaweni yomprofethi uMohammed - eMosque waseMedina.
Ukushona
UHeydar Aliyev ushone ngoDisemba 12, 2003 eMelika Cleveland. I-Scrais isidumbu sayiswa esikhumulweni sezindiza saseBaku, ukusuka lapho ku-Tzenpir Mosque. Umongameli wesithathu wangcwatshwa e-alley yomngcwabo ohlonishwayo eBaku, eduze kwethuna likankosikazi wakhe. Kamuva, amaSulumane Magomayev aphuthelwe eduzane.
Emcimbini wokuvalelisa no-Aliyev, obongameli baseRussia, Kazakhstan, Georgia, e-Ukraine kanye neTurkey babekhona. Umongameli waseGeorgia Edward Edward Shevardnadze wafika, imeya yeMosco yury Luzhkov noJoseph Kobzon.
Ngemuva konyaka, i-Heydar Aliyev nesikhumulo sezindiza segama lakhe kwavela e-Azerbaijan.
Isikhungo samasiko sikaHeydar Aliyev saziwa kabanzi - isimangaliso sokwakha, ngonyaka ka-2014 samukelwa njengasezingeni eliphakeme emhlabeni. Imibukiso nemicimbi yamasiko ibanjwa lapha, i-Aliyev Museum ifakwe.
Izikhumbuzo zomongameli wesithathu we-Azerbaijani wavela empilweni ka-Aliyev. Ngemuva kokufa, kwakhiwa kakhulu, kufaka phakathi phesheya, okwake kwamukelwa njalo ngabantu bendawo, kubhekwe inhloko yeAzerbaijan ngumashiqela. Ehlobo lika-2012, isikhumbuzo esiseHeydar Aliyev savela eBoulevard eMexico City. Ngenxa yegagasi lentukuthelo, amandla adilizwa. Isiphetho esifanayo sathola ukugqwala kuka-Aliyev edolobheni laseCanada-Os-Zechibi.
Isilinganiselwa esithathweni samamitha ayi-12 esivela eGranite sakhiwa eBaku maqondana nesigodlo esibizwa ngegama elithi ngemuva kwe-Heydar Aliyev, esigcawini. Ukuvulwa kwesikhumbuzo kwahlelwa isikhathi sosuku lokuzalwa lwe-82 lwekhanda lombuso wangaphambili.
Isibalo se-wax somholi osempumalanga siseMadame Tussaco Museum eLondon.
Kuwo wonke amadolobha aleli lizwe, imigwaqo ephakathi nendawo namagciwane aqanjwa ngokuthi u-Aliyev, kanye nenani leminyuziyamu uHeydar Aliyevich ngokwemininingwane esemthethweni efinyelelwe ama-60.
Kusukela ku-zero eBaku, epaki okuqanjwe nge-Aliyev, umkhosi "we-Flower Holiday" kwenzeka njalo ngonyaka. Ihlala izinsuku ezimbalwa, kepha iqala ngoMeyi 10, ngosuku lokuzalwa lukaHeydar Aliyev.