Umlando Wemilingiswa
Bala iMonte Cristo - umlingiswa weRoma Alexandra Duma, owabonisa isibonelo samandla e-Unturns angewona. Uthando nokuziphindisela, ukukhaphela nokoma impilo, ukushayisana okubukhali kanye nokuhlaselwa komphenyi - umlobi waseFrance - umlobi waseFrance wadala ubuciko obuhlukile bezincwadi zomhlaba.Umlando Wokudalwa Komlingiswa
Ekuqaleni kweminyaka yo-1940 yekhulu le-XIX, u-Alexander Duma wagqoka isihloko sombhali wamanoveli omlando we-adventure, ukufana nohlobo olusha lwephephandaba - I-Faketon. Ngalezo zinsuku, izizwa zibizwa ngokuthi zisebenza eziphuma egumbini elisegumbini elinophawu "kwaqhubeka".
Isikhathi eside, umlobi wayehleli ehleli esihlalweni sobukhosi sombozo omkhulu we-Felelonist ngenxa ye- "Musketeers amathathu", kodwa lapho osebenza naye "kodwa uma nje uzakwabo ngokusho kwePeru Eugene Xu bakwazile ukwedlula uMlobi wemisebenzi yomlando. Impumelelo yenoveli yakhe ethi "Izimfihlo zeParis" zaheha abafundi kulesi simo esibekwe ezimweni zokuphila zanamuhla. Umphakathi ujabulise ngentokozo ithuba lokuthi "PRY ku-keyhole" ngempilo yabamele izingxenye eziphakeme kakhulu zomphakathi.
Ngokushesha u-Alexander Duma wanquma isizathu sokuthandwa kobuciko bokuncintisana futhi futhi wangena ekufuneni umbono womsebenzi, lapho kuzochazwa khona imicimbi yabantu besikhathi sonyaka. I-athikili yephephandaba evela kwi-Chronicle yamaPhoyisa yavela ngememori - umlando ofanelekayo yonke incwadi. I-prototype ye-Count Count Count Crecis yabizwa ngokuthi iFrancois Pico. Umenzi othembekile nomnene we-shoemaker owafika enhlokodolobha yaseFrance edolobheni lesifundazwe, wasonga intombi yakhe emndenini ocebile ogama lakhe linguMargarita Headita. Abazali balungiselela amadodakazi ngenani lama-franc ayizinkulungwane eziyikhulu.
Abangani babhale ngomusa abaphathi bamanga ngokulandelana kwensizwa etholwa eNgilandi, kanti uPicaka wafika iminyaka eyisikhombisa engozini, angaze aqagele izimbangela zokuboshwa. Kwakukule ndaba emangalisayo kanye negumbi elingumakhelwane, kanye nomuntu omaziyo umlingiswa oyisisekelo nompristi ogulayo, futhi imfihlakalo yengcebo efihlwe e-Italy. Lapho amandla empi awela, uFrancois waphuma ejele. Ngaphansi kwegama eliqanjiwe, indoda ibuyele enhlokodolobha yaseFrance, ishumi leminyaka elizonikela ngesithiyo kubangane abangabazimele.
Ama-Dumas abamba imicimbi hhayi isikhathi eside amade adlule, abuyiselwe futhi acebise futhi acebise izinhlamvu zokupenda icebo lokufika kweqhawe elikhulu elibizwa nge-edmon dantez. Igama lesibili - Count Count Monte Cristo - wavela ngemuva kohambo lombhali ngo-1942 esiqhingini sase-Elba nomshana omncane kaNapoleon Bonaparte. Lapha umlobi ancoma ubuhle kanye nezinganekwane zesiqhingi saseMontecrististo, futhi igama elalibangela injabulo. Ngama-novers anomunyu amabili, ama-Dumas asebenza ngo-1844-1845, ngasikhathi sinye abafundi basusiwe bathola umkhiqizo ngefomethi kamagazini.
I-Biography nesithombe se-Count Monte Cristo
U-Edmond Dantes ungumatilosi osemusha, egqugquzela ukukhishwa kwamanzi okungapheli emkhunjini "uFaro". Ukuchazwa kokuvela kweqhawe umlobi cishe akakunaki: Ukubonakalise kukhulunywa ngakho kuhle, hhayi ukukhula okuphezulu kakhulu, "ngezandla ezincane nemilenze, njengawo wonke umuntu." Ekupheleni kukaFebhuwari 1815, ume eposini elishonile endleleni yenduna yomkhumbi futhi, egcwalisa intando yokugcina yomfazi, ebhukuda esiqhingini sakusasa ukudlulisa iphakheji eyimfihlo ye-Marmal Berran. Ngokubuya, ama-dantes athola incwadi ezolethwa enhloko-dolobha yaseFrance futhi anikeze uMnu Nauph Nauph, ilungu lokuzungeza lapho ebuyela esihlalweni sobukhosi se-OffshooE.Ngaleso sikhathi, umnikazi womkhumbi wanikeza u-Edmond ukumela ngokusemthethweni isondo lokuqondisa "uFaro", kepha amacebo awamiselwe ukuba afezeke. Umlingiswa ophambili wayevele etholwe yizitha - lokhu kungumbhalo onomona wenkampani yomkhumbi uDanglar, umFisherman Fernand Moxogo, ube noBeauty Mercedes, kanye nomsila uCadrush, owachitha uyise e-Edmon.
UZiqu-zintathu uhlangane eTavern, lapho uDouclar abhala ngokungaziwa ngokuthi angaziwa ngesandla sakhe sobunxele, ebhekiswe kumshushisi wilfor - esigijimini sahlola uhambo lwe-dantes drive to Elbe. Icala alikwazanga ukunyakaza, ngoba ukwakheka kwecala bekungenjalo. Kepha lapho umshushisi, umshushisi, ufunda le ncwadi etholwe ku-Elbe, wethukile: umbhali we-noylier ngubaba wangempela.
Ukuze ungazibandakanyi kumdlalo oyingozi osongela umshushisi ngokuboshwa kanye nekhono lokushada, uVilor unquma hhayi nje ukushisa umyalezo, kodwa futhi nokususa ama-dantes. Ngakho-ke amatilosi angenacala enzelwe yonke impilo ejele, ejele ngenxa yeziboshwa zezombusazwe - enqabeni ye-uma, eyakhelwe phakathi kolwandle.
Eminyakeni emihlanu kamuva, ama-edmonos afisa ukufela, kepha lapho ezwa imisindo yokuzincebisa ngenxa yodonga futhi iyaqonda ukuthi kungenye esiphethweni sakhe - othile uzama ukwenza ubuthaka. Ukudilizwa kwezinsuku kudlula emisebenzini, futhi, ekugcineni, omakhelwane bahlangana. Isiboshwa u-Abbot Fariaria sangena enqabeni iminyaka emine ngaphambi kokuba ama-dantes.
Umhubhe ohlanganisiwe ohlanganisiwe, ikhehla ethembela ukufika odongeni lwangaphandle ukuze afinyelele eManzini ebushelelezi enkululeko ende ukulungiswa. Amadoda anquma ndawonye ukufeza le nhloso ehlanya ndawonye, kepha i-abbot yahlasela ngokugula okungenathemba. Ngaphambi kokuba afe, watshela umlingani ngengcebo engafakwanga egcinwe esiqhingini saseMonte Cristo Stanto.
U-Edmonde ukwazile ukukhohlisa unogada, ukucasha esikhwameni esilungiselelwe umuntu ofile. Ifulegi lihlala linganakwa, futhi iqhawe liyakhishwa olwandle oluvulekile. Ku-Smuggler Dantes uthola umcebo kulesi siqhingi futhi, ephendukela endodeni yezwe, inquma ukuthola isizathu sokuboshwa kwakhe.
E-RELE kaMpristi, uye eKadrussu enomyalezo odabukisayo - U-Edmond Dantes wayala isikhathi eside ukuba aphile. Lowo owayenguBuddy utshela konke njengomoya ngencwadi engaziwa, kanye neqiniso lokuthi ubaba kaDanta wabulawa yindlala, futhi uMercedes akazange alinde umkhwenyana, amukele isiphakamiso sezandla nezinhliziyo zikaFernan Mondego.
UDantes unquma ukuziphindisela kubabisi abaye bambule. Kwenzeka eminyakeni eyisishiyagalolunye, okuyiqhawe elichitha ukuhamba, imfundo nokwakhiwa kwesigodlo sabo kulesi siqhingi, lapho umcebo owake watholakala khona.
Lapho nje u-DANTES, ngaphansi kwegama likaCount Monte Cristo, iba njalo emphakathini ophakeme waseFrance, aphoqele ukukhanya ukuthuthumela emiphimeni ejabulisayo nengcebo. Indoda iqala uhlelo lokuziphindisela oluklanywe ngokucophelela. Ngenxa yalokho, uKadruss wafa ngenxa yokuhaha kwakhe, uFernan wazibulala, uWillifor wahlanya, futhi uDoutiri wabusa waya ekubalekeni ezweni lakubo. Kodwa-ke, endleleni, kwathathwa abantu ababesebenza ezibalweni.
Ukhathele yimpindiselo, u-Edmond Dantes uyaqonda ukuthi ubulungisa bakhenkemba nabo abubonisi abantu abangenacala abathola ngengozi ngengozi. Iqhawe linquma ukuyeka. Njengoba esenikeze impilo ye-dangra futhi eshiye i-castle Monte Cristo yaliyisa ifa lendodana yomnikazi womkhumbi "uFaro" noMlobokazi waKhe, ama-danteati athungatha anikezwe umthetho wokuqondisa umhlahlandlela.
Isici seqhawe ekubuyekezweni sasingesihlali njalo singathandeki. UDantes ungummeli okhethekile, kepha ngaphansi kokubanda kwakhe ngisho nokuba nomusa ucasha inhliziyo enhle. Isisusa esikhulu senoveli akuyona nje ukukhula nokuvuthwa kobuntu bakhe, kepha ukuguqulwa okuphelele komlingiswa, ukuguqulwa kwangaphandle naphakathi kwangaphakathi. Ama-Dumas adale isithombe esihle, esithandekayo esidonsela abafundi banoma yimuphi unyaka.
Emaduna amaRoma ngemininingwane emincane kakhulu, wayecabanga ukuthi ungumuntu okonile, ngakho-ke izingcaphuno zokuziphindisela nokudelela ukuzilimaza kwabantu zithathe indawo ekhethekile encwadini ethi "Count Monte Cristo".
Bala i-monte cristo kumafilimu
Ukuguqulwa kwefilimu komsebenzi odumile ka-Alexander Duma akubheki, ngakho-ke kufanelekile ukungama. Okokuqala, le ifilimu ethi "Count Monte Cristo", idutshulwe ngo-1954. Kumqondisi wepende uRobert Verne waqoqa izinkanyezi ze-cinema yaseYurophu, indima enkulu yokupha uJean Mare.
Izibukeli ezivela e-USSR ngo-1988, zinomoya, zibuke ukuvikelwa kwenoveli, okwashintsha igama liye "ejele lenqaba". Umqondisi wefilimu yaseSoviet uGeorgy Jungwald-Khilkevich wethule indima yegrafu ngasikhathi sinye kubalingisi ababili: uViktor Avilov ehlanganisa isithombe se-Ednin Dales ekuvuthweni, no-Evgeny Dvaretsky - ebusheni bakhe.
Umqondisi uJose Daian wethule umhlaba ungumsebenzi omuhle kakhulu lapho uGerard Depardieu futhi u-Ornell Mutu ngokungafanele. Induna yochungechunge oluthi "Count Monte Cristo" lwenzeka ngo-1998.
Ekugcineni, abalandeli be-cinema balinganise ifilimu yokukhiqizwa okuhlangene kweMelika, iBritain enkulu ne-Ireland. Amacala avela ekuqashweni kwe- "Count Monte Cristo" (2002) noJames Cashizel kabili wedlula inani elisetshenzisiwe kulokhu kudubula.
Isakhiwo senoveli saba yisisekelo semiculo emi-4 kanye nedrama yomculo "I - edmon dantes".
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- U-Alexander Duma, kanye nanoma yimuphi umuntu ofayo, ophupha ngengcebo engabekezeleleki nempilo kanokusho. Kuyamangaza ukuthi kwakuyinoveli ngowesilisa ongephuli ejele nangokungahleliwe, waletha umlobi kumlobi. Umlobi uthole imali enkulu evela ezincwadini, okungeke zaba lula ukuchitha, kepha amaduna ejabulela inhliziyo kafushane. Umlobi wathenga owakhe ithiyetha nephephandaba, kepha usomabhizinisi akazange aphume kuye - wagibela. Indawo yokuhlala kanokusho kwadingeka ukuthi ithengise endalini.
- Igama lomlingiswa ophambili ngokuhamba kwesikhathi liqoke kakhulu: I-Count Monte-Cristo ibizwa ngokuthi abantu, ngokuzumayo nangokucacile, kanti okwedlule kwabo kumbozwe yimfihlakalo.
- Kunamanoveli aqhubekayo abhalwe nguDuma uqobo noma iNdodana yakhe, kepha empeleni, ahlulela ngezimpawu zesitayela nolimi, zingezakwabanye ababhali.
- Ngezinhloso zochungechunge, kudutshulwe i-anime engu-24. Isenzo sakhe sivela esikhathini esizayo esikude, kepha ababhali bakwazile ukugcina izinto ze-aesthetics zeFrance yakudala.
Amacaphuna
Kubukeka ngathi ukuthi uNkulunkulu wasikhohlwa ngathi lapho ubulungisa bakhe buhlangene; Kepha kungekudala uyasikhumbula, futhi lokhu kuwubufakazi. Ngiyaqiniseka ukuthi ukufa kungabulawa, kepha hhayi ngokuhlenga. Ukuthi, ukuqhosha kanye nobuciko be-egoism! Ngokuya ngokuziqhenya okuphakathi, abantu bakulungele ukushaya izembe, futhi lapho ukuziqhenya kwabo ngiziphuphuma ngenalithi, bayamemeza. Hhayi-ke! Izingxabano zezingwenya, njengoba uKarl Moore eshilo! Ngiyakubona, ngaso sonke isikhathi uyakufanelekela.I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1844 - "Count Monte Cristo"
Izics
- 1908 - "Count Monte Cristo" (USA)
- 1908 - "Count Monte Cristo (Italy)
- 1910 - Le jertnier du château d'uma (France)
- 1910 - "Monte Cristo" (USA)
- Ngo-1917 - "I-Modern Monte Cristo" (USA)
- 1922 - "Monte Cristo" (USA)
- Ngo-1929 - Monte Cristo (France)
- Ngo-1934 - "Middle of the Count Monte Cristo" (USA)
- Ngo-1942 - "Count Monte Cristo" (Mexico)
- Ngo-1942 - "Count Monte Cristo" (France, Italy)
- Ngo-1946 - "Unkosikazi uMonte Cristo" (USA)
- 1954 - "Count Monte Cristo" (Mexico, Argentina)
- Ngo-1961 - "Count Monte Cristo" (Italy, France)
- Ngo-1968 - "Buyisela uMonte Cristo" (France)
- 1975 - "Count Monte Cristo" (United Kingdom, Italy)
- Ngo-1979 - "Count Monte Cristo" (France, Italy, Germany)
- Ngo-1988 - "Isiboshwa Sesigodlo Se-Uf" (USSR, France)
- 1998 - "Count Monte Cristo" (Germany, France, Italy)
- Ngo-2002 - "Count Monte Cristo" (USA, United Kingdom, Ireland)
- Ngo-2008 - "Montecristo" (Russia)