Umlando Wemilingiswa
UGregory MELEKHOV - umlingiswa omaphakathi wenoveli elithi "Thula uDon", efuna ngempumelelo indawo yawo emhlabeni oguqukayo. Ngokwesimo semicimbi yomlando, uMikhail Sholokhov ubonise isiphetho esinzima seDon Cossack, ongakwazi ukuthanda futhi alwe ngokungaziphathi.Umlando wendalo
Ukucabanga ngenoveli entsha, uMikhail Sholokhov akazange acabange ukuthi umsebenzi ekugcineni uzowela ePepes. Konke kwaqala kwabangenacala. Maphakathi nekwindla ka-1925, umlobi waqala izahluko zokuqala 'zombandela' - ngakho-ke ekuqaleni wawubizwa ngokuthi umsebenzi lapho umlobi ayefuna ukukhombisa khona impilo yama-dossacks ngesikhathi sokuvuselelwa. Kusukela ekuqaleni, izikolo zakhiwa ibutho likaCornilov ku-petrograd. Kungazelelwe umbhali wamisa umbono wokuthi abafundi kungenzeka ukuthi baqonde izisusa zezindawo zokucindezelwa ukuguqulwa ngaphandle kokuvukela kwangaphambilini, futhi wawuhlehlisa umbhalo ekhoneni elikude.
Ngemuva konyaka kuphela, uhlelo oluvuthiwe ngokuphelele, eRoman Mikhail Alexandrovich lwafuna ukubonisa impilo yabantu ngaphesheya kwe-Prism yezehlakalo ezenzeka ngalesi sikhathi kusukela ngo-1914 kuya ku-1921. Isiphetho esibuhlungu sabalingiswa abaphambili, kufaka phakathi i-Grigoria MELEKHOV, bekuzolunga ezihlokweni ezinhle, futhi ngenxa yalokhu bekusondele ukujwayelana namasiko nezinhlamvu zezakhamizi zaseCossack Farm. Umbhali we- "Thula u-Don" wathuthela ezweni lakubo, edolobhaneni laseVishnevskaya, lapho angenela khona empilweni ye- "donshish".
Ekufuneni izinhlamvu eziqhakazile kanye nomoya okhethekile, owazinza emaphepheni omsebenzi, umlobi wephula umakhelwane, wahlangana noFakazi beMpi Yezwe Yokuqala Nezinguquko, baqoqa ama-mosa akwi-baek, izinkolelo kanye nezakhi zezinto zabantu basendaweni Izakhamizi, kanye nezindawo zokugcina impahla yesivunguvungu zaseMoscow kanye neRostov zifuna iqiniso ngempilo yalezo zikhathi zeminyaka.
Ekugcineni, umthamo wokuqala we- "Thula uDona" wabona ukukhanya. Kwabonakala amabutho aseRussia emaphethelweni empi. Incwadi yesibili ingezwe umFebhuwari coup kanye ne-Okthoba Revolution, ama-echoes athunyelwa ku-Don. Ezingxenyeni ezimbili zokuqala zenoveli Sholokhov ezabekwa cishe amakhulu amaqhawe, ngokuzayo bajoyine izinhlamvu ezingama-70. Sekukonke, i-Epic yanwetshwa yaba yimiqulu emine, lokhu kwaqedwa kwaqedwa ngo-1940.
Umsebenzi wanyatheliswa ezincwadini "ngo-Okthoba", "Roman-Gazeta", "World New" kanye ne- "Izvestia", ukunqoba ngokushesha ukuqashelwa okuvela kubafundi. Bathenge abamagazini, bathenga abahleli ngezibuyekezo, kanye nombhali - Izincwadi. Ama-Heroes Trayudies Izincwadi zaseSoviet zithathwe njengokushaqeka komuntu siqu. Phakathi kwezilwane ezifuywayo, kunjalo, uGregory MELEKHOVE wakhuluma.
Kuyathakazelisa ukuthi kusalungiswa lokuqala uGregory ubengekho, kodwa ngahlangana nomlingiswa onaleli gama ezindabeni zokuqala zombhali - lapho iqhawe selivele ligcwele ezinye izici zesikhathi esizayo "umhlali" " I-prototype yabaphenyi be-melekhov of swelokhov ababheka i-cossack Harlampia Ermakov, igwetshwe ngasekupheleni kwama-20s kulokhu kudubula. Umbhali ngokwakhe akazange aqashelwe njengoba le ndoda yaba yi-prototype yencwadi yezincwadi. Ngaleso sikhathi, uMikhail Alexandrovich ngesikhathi sokuqoqwa komlando wenoveli metrakov futhi waze waholela ekubhaleni naye.
I-Biograge
Inoveli isethelwe konke ukulandelana kwezikhathi zokuphila kukaGrigory MELEKHOV ngaphambi kwempi nangemva. UDon Cossack wazalwa ngonyaka we-1892 epulazini laseTatar (Village Veshinskaya), ngenkathi usuku lokuzalwa lungakhombisi umlobi. Uyise wezibhebhe zikaMelekhov wake wakhonza njengovuza eshalofini lase-Ataman Lobe Devial, kodwa endala wathatha umhlalaphansi. Impilo yomuntu osemusha kuze kudlule isikhathi sokuthula, ezindabeni ezijwayelekile: isikhwama, ukudoba, ukunakekela umnotho. Ebusuku - imihlangano yobusuku nobuhle be-aksigni astakhova, intokazi yashadile, kodwa othandweni oluncane nensizwa.
Uyise akanelisekile ngalesi sinamathiselo senhliziyo futhi ushade nendodana yakhe ngentombazane engathandwa ngayo - u-Meek Natalia KorShunova. Kodwa-ke, umshado awuyixazululi inkinga. UGregory uyaqonda ukuthi abakwazi ukukhohlwa axinha, ngakho-ke baphonsa umuntu oshade naye futhi bahlale nenkosikazi yakhe efeni lasepanini lendawo. Usuku lwehlobo luka-1913 lukaMelekhov luba nguyise - indodakazi yakhe yokuqala yavela emhlabeni. Intokozo yalombhangqwana yaphenduka imfushane: Impilo yachitha impi yezwe yokuqala, ebizwa ngokuthi uGregory ukuyonikeza umsebenzi wakubo.
UMelekhov walwa empini ngokuzinikela futhi ngokulangazelela, kwesinye sezimpi ayelimele ngamehlo. Ngesibindi seQhawe, isiphambano se-Georgievsky kanye nokwanda kwesikhundla kwaphawulwa, nasesikhathini esizayo, kuzongezwa amanye ama-Crontres amane nezindondo ezine kwabesilisa abawina umklomelo. Baphambuke imibono yezepolitiki yeqhawe. Ukujwayelana esibhedlela ngeGarant Bolshevik Garant, umkholisayo ngokungabi nabulungisa komthetho wasebukhosini.
Ngaleso sikhathi, uGregory MELEKHOVA ulinde isiteleka - u-Aksinha, obulawe osizini (ukufa kwendodakazi encane), unikela enkosini yendodana ye-lootitsky. Umyeni womphakathi owafika okokuqala wawungaxolelwanga ukuthi ungathethelelwa futhi wabuyela kuMlingani Wezomthetho, kamuva okwakuzala izingane ezimbili.
Empini yombango, uGregory ukhuphuka eceleni "obomvu". Kepha ngo-1918, kuyadumazeka kuma-bolsheviks futhi kungena ezinhlwini zalabo abaholele ukuvuselelwa kwebutho elibomvu e-DON, kuba ngumkhuzi wengxenye. Intukuthelo enkulu kakhulu eBolsheviks emphefumulweni weqhawe ivusa ukufa komfowabo womdala uPetro ezandleni zezandla zezambatho zakwaSoviet weMishk Koshevoy.
Othandweni lwangaphambili, futhi, babilisa intshiseko - i-grigory ayikwazi ukuthola ukuthula futhi ihlukane phakathi kwabesifazane babo. Ngenxa yokuthi izinzwa eziphilayo eziphilayo ku-axional melekhov ziyehluleka ukuphila ngokuthula emndenini. Ukuvukelwa kwaphakade komyeni wakhe kwaqhubekela phambili uNatalia ekukhipheni isisu, okuye kwenzeka. Ukufa kwangaphambi kowesifazane kungumuntu onobunzima, emva kwakho konke, abuye abuye, kepha imizwa emnene.
Okuhlaselayo kwebutho elibomvu kumaCossacks Force Gregory MELEKHOV ukuze ahambe aye e-Novorossiysk. Lapho, leli qhawe laliqhutshwa ekugcineni okufile lijoyine amaBolshevik. Ngo-1920 kwaphawulwa ukubuya kwezwe lakubo, lapho ahlala khona kanye nabantwana bakwa-Aksiny. Uhulumeni omusha waqala ukushushisa "imhlophe" yangaphambili, futhi ngesikhathi sokuphunyuka eKuban ukuze athole impilo ethobekile "u-Aksinhu walimala. Ukuhlanza okuthe xaxa emhlabeni, uGrigory wabuyela edolobhaneni lakubo, ngoba lezi ziphathi ezintsha zithembisa ukuxolelwa izikolo zabavukeli.
UMikhail Sholokhov wabeka iphuzu ekulandiseni endaweni ethakazelisa kakhulu, futhi angalokothi afunde abafundi mayelana nesiphetho esengeziwe sika-MELEKOV. Kodwa-ke, akunzima ukucabanga ukuthi kwenzeka kuye. Izazi-mlando zibiza abathandi be-curious of the ubuciko bombhali ukuze bacabangele usuku lokufa konyaka othandekayo odubula prototype wakhe - 1927.
Isifanekiso
Ukuphela kwengozi kanye nezinguquko zangaphakathi uGregory MELEkhova wabiza incazelo yokubukeka kwakhe. Othandweni neNkulungwane Yesimiso Somthethosisekelo esekupheleni kwenoveli kuphenduka iqhawe elinokhahlo elimpunga nenhliziyo ebukhali:
"... ngangazi ukuthi ngeke ngisamhlekisa njengakuqala; Wayazi ukuthi amehlo akhe ayeshaya ngamandla futhi anamathela kakhulu izihlathi, futhi embonweni wayo, wayekhanya ngokukhanya konya olungenanjongo. "UGregory ungumuntu ojwayelekile we-CHLEleric: I-Ferionerphamer, eshisayo futhi engenakulinganiswa, ebonakaliswa kuzo zombili lezi zindaba zothando kanye nobudlelwano nemvelo ephelele. Umlingiswa weqhawe eliyinhloko le- "Thula Dona" yi-alloy yesibindi, ubuqhawe kanye nokunganaki, inkanuko nokuthobeka, ukuthambisa, ukuthamba nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli, inzondo nomusa ongapheli.
USholokhov wadala iqhawe elinomphefumulo ovulekile onamandla okuxolelwa, intethelelo kanye nobuntu: Uhlu lwe-grigory oluvela ngengozi ngemuva kwesigcawu, uvikela iplanethi yezindawo, uyasindisa empini kaStepan Astakhov, Isitha sakhe esifungelwe, umyeni wakhe we-Axigy
Uma ufuna iqiniso lika-MELEKHOV, obomvu kwabamhlophe aklebhula emhlophe, ngenxa yalokho, iba ngukuvuselela, ongathathi uhlangothi olulodwa. Indoda ibonakala iqhawe langempela lesikhathi sakhe. Inhlekelele yakhe ilele endabeni uqobo, lapho impilo ezolile yephula ukushaqeka, iguqula izisebenzi ezinokuthula kubantu ngeshwa. Ukuseshwa okungokomoya komlingiswa kunikeze ibinzana lamaRoma:
"Wama phezu kwesendlalelo emzabalazweni wababili waqala, uyabaphika bobabili."Zonke izinkohliso zaxoshwa ezimpini zempi yombango: intukuthelo eya eBolsheviks kanye nokudumazeka "ku-White" kwenza iqhawe lifune indlela yesithathu eguquko, kodwa iyakuqonda lokho ku- "sawubona awukwazi - ukubuza." Kanye impilo ethandwa kakhulu, uGrigory MELEKHOVE akakaze athole ukholo kuye, asele ngasikhathi sinye umlingiswa wabantu kanye nomuntu obanzi ekufezekeni kwezwe.
I-Flaxation yenoveli "Athule Don"
I-Epic kaMikhail Sholokhov ivele kane esikrinini sama-movie. Ngokwezincwadi ezimbili zokuqala ngo-1931, kwasuswa ifilimu eyisimungulu, lapho izindima eziphambili zenziwa ngu-Andrei apricos (uGrigory MELEkhov) no-Emma Cesarian (Aksinha). Kunamahemuhemu athi umbhali adale ukuqhubeka kwe- "Coole Don" kubalingiswa bamaqhawe alesi silungiselelo.
Izithombe zokubhoboza umsebenzi wethulwa ebukelini beSoviet ngo-1958 uMqondisi uSergei Gerasimov. Ingxenye emangalisayo yezwe yathandana neqhawe elenziwa nguPeter Glebova. I-possack enhle enhle esontekile uthando no-Elina Bystritsky, ovele ngokukhohlisayo endimeni ye-axigny enentshiseko. Unkosikazi uMengekhova Natalia wadlala uZinaida Kiriyenko. Imiklomelo yefilimu yefilimu iqukethe amaphrimiyamu ayisikhombisa, kufaka phakathi idiploma ye-US Directies Guild.
Okunye ukuhlola okuningana kwenoveli kungokukaSergey Bondarchuk. Phezu kwefilimu elithi "Thula uDon" 2006, eRussia, e-United Kingdom ne-Italiya. Iqhaza eliphambili lavunywa yiRupert Evereta, nezithombe zabesifazane ezihlaselwe yiDolphin Forest (Aksinha) no-Alena Bondarchuk (Natalia).
Futhi ekugcineni, ikusasa lokugcina le-Don Cossack lalivikelekile u-sergey ursulak. Uchungechunge oluthi "Ukuthula Don" lwakhonjiswa esiteshini saseRussia-1 e-Autumn 2015 sekwephuzile. Umqondisi obandakanyeka kwifilimu yabalingisi abasebasha: I-Trio enhle kakhulu kwakungu-Evgeny Tkachuk, uPolina Chernyshov kanye noDaria Ursulak.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
Ngoba "uDon othule", uMikhail Sholokhov usolwa ngokubumbana. Abaphenyi "abakhulu" abakhulu "bacabange ukuthi bantshontshelwe esiphathimandla esimhlophe esashona empini yombango. Umlobi waze wahlehlisa umsebenzi ngokubhala ukuqhubeka kwenoveli ngenkathi ikhomishini ekhethekile iphenywe ngolwazi olutholiwe. Kodwa-ke, impikiswano yokubhala ayikaxazululwa.
Umlingisi we-novice wemidlalo yaseshashalazini yaseshashalazini yase-Andrei ngemuva kwenduna ethi "ukuthula u-don" wavuka. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngaphambi kwalokho, ethempelini laseMelpomen, akakaze aye endaweni yesehlakalo - azange anikeze izindima. Ngomsebenzi, le ndoda nayo ayizange ngikhathazeke ukuhlangana, yafunda inoveli lapho ukudubula sekuvele kubhebhe.