Umlando Wemilingiswa
URoman Ivan Goncharov unikelwe esimweni soMbuso somuntu waseRussia. Uchaza iqhawe ekuchithekeni komuntu siqu nokunganaki. Umsebenzi wethule umhlaba igama elithi "umshanelo" lisuselwa egameni lomlingiswa wendaba. UGoncharov wadala isampula ekhanyayo yezincwadi zekhulu le-XIX. Incwadi leyo yayiphezulu kokuqanjwa kombhali. URoman ungena kuhlelo lwesikole lwezincwadi zaseRussia futhi akalahlekelwa ukuhambisana, yize emakhulwini eminyaka amabili esedlulile selokhu kwadalwa.Umlando wendalo
I- "Olobwov" ngumkhiqizo oyindima wezincwadi zaseRussia zekhulu le-XIX. Ukuchazwa kwaso akuhlali kutholakala ezinganeni zesikole ezijwayelene nencwadi esemncane. Abantu abadala bacubungula kakhulu umcabango wokuthi umbhali wayefuna ukudlulisa.
Iqhawe eliyinhloko lomsebenzi ungumnikazi womhlaba u-Ilya Bortomov, indlela yokuphila yayo engaqondakali kwabanye. Abanye babheka kuye isazi sefilosofi, abanye - abacabangayo, okwesithathu - ukuvilapha. Umbhali uvumela umfundi ukuthi adonse umbono wakhe, ngaphandle kokuhlola umlingiswa ngokwezigaba.
Akunakwenzeka ukwazisa umbono wenoveli ngokwahlukana nomlando wokudalwa komsebenzi. Isisekelo sencwadi kwakuyindaba ethi "lyhaya amahhashi", eyabhalwa uGoncharov eminyakeni embalwa edlule. Ugqozi lufiphele umbhali okwamanje lapho umphakathi kanye nezepolitiki eRussia bekhula.
Ngaleso sikhathi, isithombe sokuthengiswa okungenamandla, esingakwazi ukuba nesibopho sezenzo nezinqumo zabo, bekujwayelekile ezweni. Umqondo wencwadi ethi Wathonya Ukucabanga kukaBelinsky. Umgxeki wabhala ngokuvela kwesithombe somuntu "owedlulele" kwimibhalo yezemibhalo yalesosikhathi. Ubuye wachaza iqhawe njenge-libleElodum, engenakuqhathaniswa ngezenzo ezinkulu, ophuphayo, engenamsebenzi emphakathini. Ukubonakala kwe-oblomov kungukucabanga okubonakalayo kobungcwele baleyo minyaka. Inoveli ichaza izinguquko ezenzeka kuqhawe. Isimo se-Ilya ilsich sichazwe kahle kuleli zahluko ezine.
I-Biograge
Umlingisi ophambili wazalwa emndenini womhlaba womhlaba ohlala kummangalelwa we-barky wendabuko. U-Ilya Oblomov waseBilya udluliselwe e-Laur Estate, lapho impilo yayingafani ngokuhlukahlukana. Abazali babeyithanda umfana. Uthando lwe-nanny lwaluyimpandla yenganekwane nezinganekwane nama-booms. Ukulala nemihlatshelo ehlala isikhathi eside yokudla kwakuyijwayele ekhaya, futhi u-Ilya wamukele kalula ukuthambekela kwabo. Wavulwa kuzo zonke izinhlobo zobubi, engavumeli ukuvela ebunzimeni obusafufusa.
Ngokusho kukaGoncharov, ingane yanda futhi yavalwa, waze waphenduka indoda eneminyaka engamashumi amathathu naleyo enomfana ofana nomuntu onobuhle. Akunasithakazelo kunoma yini nokugxila kwesihloko esithile. Imali engenayo yeqhawe inikeze ama-serfs, ngakho-ke akadingi lutho. Umabhalane wamntshontshwa, kancane kancane indawo yokuhlala ingasebenziseki, futhi indawo yakhe yaphakade yayingusofa.
Isithombe esichazayo se-Oblomov sifaka izici ezikhanyayo zomnini womhlaba ovilapha futhi zihlangene. UJoncharov wazama ukungabizi namadodana ngamagama, uma bengamagama obaba. Ukuphakanyiswa okuphakeme, igama lika-oblomov eligwenywe ngenkuthalo.
Ukuchazwa kwe-Satirical kokuvela komuntu okhona kuba ukuqhubeka kwezintambo "zabantu abengeziwe", okuyinto evgeny eyodwa yaqala futhi yaqhubeka ne-pechorin. Imihloli ayidala, kepha isivele iqandisiwe. Ubuso bakhe buhlekisa. Amehlo ampunga awathwali isithunzi somcabango. I-bathone endala isebenza njengengubo. UGoncharov unaka ukubonakala komlingiswa, kuphawula i-lotion yayo nokukhanya kwayo. Ophuphayo wezimbungulu akulungele ukwenza isenzo futhi afake ubuvila. Usizi lweqhawe ukuthi linamathemba amahle, kepha alikwazi ukubasebenzisa.
I-Oblomov enomusa futhi inamandla. Akudingeki ukuthi enze noma yimuphi umzamo, futhi uma kuvela ithemba elinjalo, uyamesaba futhi abonise ukungaqiniseki. Isimo sempahla yendabuko sivame amaphupho kuye, abasubathi balangazelela izifiso zomdabu. Ngezikhathi ezithile, amaphupho amahle akhipha amanye amaqhawe enoveli.
U-Andrei Stolz uyi-Ilya Bortomov. Ubungane phakathi kwabantu baqala ebuntwaneni. I-Antipode yoMphupho, ukuba namagalathi wezimpande zaseJalimane agwema ukungasebenzi futhi ajwayele ukusebenza. Ugxeka indlela yokuphila ekhethwe ngumshanelo. I-Stolz iyazi ukuthi imizamo yokuqala yomngane okufanele ifezeke emkhakheni ophelile ekwehlulekeni.
Njengoba sebethuthele eSt. I-Stolz ingumphikisi ophikisayo wokukhanya futhi izama ukuba akhuthele, nokho, ukuqonda ukuthi umsebenzi wakhe awenzelwe izinjongo eziphakeme.
U-Olga Ilinskaya waba ngowesifazane okwazile ukuvusa i-oblomov ebunyeni. Uthando, luxazululwe enhliziyweni yeqhawe, sasiza ukushiya isofa evamile, ukhohlwe ngokubhubhana nokunganaki. Inhliziyo yegolide, ubuqotho nobubanzi bomphefumlo badonsela ukunaka kuka-Olga Ilinskaya.
Wakwazisa umcabango kanye ne-fantasy ilya futhi ngasikhathi sinye wazama ukuzithithina ngokukhathalela umuntu ocasulwe emhlabeni. Le ntombazane yaphefumulelwa amandla okuthonya i-OlobOmov futhi yaqonda ukuthi ubudlelwano babo ngeke bube nokuqhubeka. Ukungafanele kuka-Ilya ilsich kwakuyimbangela yokuwa kwale nyunyana.
Izingqinamba zezitolo zitholwa ngokubhukwa njengezithiyo ezingelula. Akakwazi ukuzivumelanisa nezimo futhi alungise uhlaka lwezenhlalo. Ukusungula umhlaba othokozela uqobo, kususa okungokoqobo, lapho engenandawo.
Ukuvalwa kwaba yindlela yokubonakala injabulo elula empilweni, futhi kwalethwa owesifazane, eduzane njalo. I-Agafya Pletitsyn yahambisa efulethini lapho ayehlala khona iqhawe. Ngemuva kokuhlukana no-Olga Ilinskaya, wathola induduzo ekunakekelweni kwe-agafia. Owesifazane oneminyaka engamashumi amathathu, wathandana nefulethi, futhi imizwa ayidingi izinguquko emvelweni noma engqondweni.
Ngokuhlanganisa amapulazi, kancane kancane saqala ukukhombisa ukuthembela komunye nomunye futhi saphulukisa umphefumulo emphefumulweni. UPshetitsyn akadingi lutho kumlingani. Wanelisekile ngokufanele futhi akazange anake ukushiyeka. Indodana ka-Andrisha yazalwa emshadweni, okuwukuphela kokubonakaliswa kwe-agafia ngemuva kokufa kuka-Oblomov.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Esahlukweni esithi "Shite Oblomov" sichaza ukuthi iqhawe liphupha kanjani ukuduma kwezulu. Ngenkolelo ethandwayo e-Ilsin, akunakwenzeka ukusebenza ngosuku lokungamukeli ukushona kwezulu. U-Ilya ilyich akasebenzi impilo yakhe yonke. Umlobi uvumela ukunganaki komlingisi ngokwethembeka.
- Ukuhamba kwedolobhana okuphilayo kwalo okukhohlisayo, i-oblomov yakha ubudlelwano bothando ngalesi simiso. Ukujwayelana ne-Ilinskaya entwasahlobo, uvuma imizwa ehlobo, kancane kancane awela ukunganaki ekwindla futhi azama ukugwema imihlangano ebusika. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwamaqhawe ahlala unyaka. Lokhu kwanele ukuzwa iphalethi elikhanyayo lemizwa nokupholisa kwawo.
- Umbhali ukhuluma ngokuthi u-Oblomov wakhonza njengezinkanyezi zezinkanyezi zasekolishi futhi wakwazi ukuhlala unobhala wesifundazwe. Zombili lezi zithunyelwe azihambelani nekilasi lapho umnini mhlaba ebengekhona, futhi angagqokwa kanzima. Ukuqhathanisa amaqiniso, kulula ukucabanga ngokuthi iqhawe lalivila futhi ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa eyunivesithi lithole isikhundla ngendlela ehlukile. Amakilasi kakolweni no-Olormov ahambelana nalo mbhali agcizelela ubuhlobo bemiphefumulo.
- Impilo nge-agafie yahlela i-Oblomov. Kunelukuluku lokuthi ngisho negama lowesifazane likhohliswa nemvelo yedolobhana, ngokusho kweqhawe.
Amacaphuna
Naphezu kobuhlakani, izingqimba zibonakalisa umuntu ofundile futhi onobuhlakani obuqinile, indoda ejulile enenhliziyo emsulwa nemicabango emihle. Ukungasebenzi, uvumela amagama:
"... Okunye kwako konke akukho okunye futhi kwenziwa ngokushesha nje lapho sisho. Kukhona umsebenzi onjalo. "Ngaphakathi imishanelo iqinile ukwenza isenzo. Isinyathelo esikhulu sokushintsha empilweni yakhe uthando i-ilinskaya. Okwakhe, uyakwazi ukuqina, okukodwa kwawo okukugeza okuthandayo kanye nosofa. Kungenzeka ukuthi isihloko esilingana ne-Hero, asitholakali. Futhi njengoba kungenjalo intshisekelo, kungani ukhohlwa ngezinto ezithile? Ngakho-ke, ugxeka ukukhanya:
"... akunandaba ukuthi abethu ini, bahlakazekela kuwo wonke amaqembu, abakwazanga ukuya kunoma yini. Ngaphansi kwalokhu ubulukhuni bonke, ukungabi nalutho kungamanga, akunakuzwela ngakho konke! .. "I-Oblomov eRoman Goncharov ivela ngasikhathi sinye nobuvila ngombala ongemuhle kanye nomlingiswa ophakanyisiwe ngesipho sezinkondlo. Ngamazwi akhe, inzuzo emincane nezinkulumo, ezingabafokazi kugalari yokubhaka. Amabinzana akhe amahle ahleli e-Ilsinskaya ekhanda le-agafier. Umhlaba we-Oblomov, obonisiwe kusuka emaphusheni nangamaphupho, wakhelwa emhunylweni wezinkondlo, uthando lwe-cozu nokuzwana, ukuthula kwengqondo nokuhle:
"... Izinkumbulo - noma izinkondlo ezinkulu kunazo zonke, lapho zizinkumbulo zenjabulo ephilayo, noma - izinhlungu ezivuthayo lapho zithinta amanxeba omisiwe."