I-Biograge
Mayelana nommeleli we-zlakottroy wekhulu lesiliva uZinaide Hippius wathi uNkulunkulu amhloniphe "ukugqokwa kwencwajana", kukhipha abanye abantu abanama "amaphakethe". Umlobi wakuthanda ukukhulisa umphakathi ngezingubo ezinganqamuki, izitatimende ezishaqisayo kanye nokuziphatha okumangazayo. Kuze kube manje, kukodwa kwamhlonipha imisebenzi yabalingani bama-litali, abanye bakhombisa umbono wokuthi banakwa okuphawulwa ngoRussia, besho ukuthi ubuhlakani bakhe buyi-mediocre impela.Ubuntwana nentsha
Ngo-November 8, 1868, ummeli UNikolai Romanovich Hippius nomkakhe Anastasia Vasilyevna (Stepanova) wazalwa indodakazi ngokuthi UZinaida. Lo mndeni wawuhlala esifundazweni saseBellev Tula, lapho kwanikezwa khona uNikolai Romanovich ngemuva kokuphela kwekhono lomthetho. Ngenxa yokucaciswa komsebenzi kababa wendawo yokuhlala unomphela, uHipipius wayengenayo. Eminyakeni yezingane, izinkondlo zikwazile ukuhlala eKharkov, naseSt. Petersburg, naseSaratov.
Ngo-1880, uNikolai Romanovich uthola isikhundla somahluleli, futhi umndeni uqhubekela phambili: kulokhu izwe laseNikolai Gogol idolobha laseNezhin. Njengoba kwakungekho ndawo yokuzivocavoca ingezinwele edolobhaneni elincane, uZina wanikezwa i-Kiev Institute of Noble Maiden, kodwa ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyisithupha babuyisa: le ntombazane yahamba izungeza indlu ayichitha kuzo zonke izinyanga eziyisithupha eLazarut Yezikhungo.
Ukufa kukayise kwathusa okukhulu kwenkondlo. Indoda yafa ngokuzumayo ngoMashi 1881 kusukela isifo sofuba. Kwesobunxele ngaphandle Kwezindlela zokuba khona, i-Anastasia Vasilyevna namadodakazi (uZinaida, u-Anna, uNatalia noTatiana) baya eMoscow. Lapho, kwanikezwa uZina emhlanganweni wokuzivocavoca. Izinyanga eziyisithupha zokutadisha, izinkondlo zesikhathi esizayo zaphinde zatholakala zinesifo sofuba. Umama wayesaba ukuthi zonke izingane ezazizuze ifa likaYise ukuthambekela kwalokho eCachotka kwakungeke kuphile isikhathi eside, ngakho-ke waya eCrimea.
Ngenxa yokugada kukamama ngokweqile, ukufunda kwasekhaya sekuyindlela kuphela yokuzazisa. I-Sciences Eqondile ayikaze ibe nentshisekelo ezincwadini. Kusukela eminyakeni yokuqala kaZina yaqala ukugcina ama-diaries kanye nokubhala izinkondlo - okokuqala amahlaya ngamalungu omndeni. Wakwazi nokuthelela umdlandla nangobuqili.
Ngemuva kweCrimea, umndeni wathuthela eCaucasus. Kuhlale umfowethu kamama - u-Alexander Stepanov. Ukuphila kwakhe okubonakalayo kubavumele ukuba basebenzise ihlobo eBorjomi. Ngonyaka olandelayo, umndeni waya eManglisi, lapho u-Alexander Stepanov efa ngokuvuvukala kobuchopho. UHippius waphoqeleka ukuthi ahlale eCaucasus.
UZlatovlasa Ubuhle bakwazi ukunqoba iTiflis Yentsha. UDeveli onama-rus malochy amehlo waheha amehlo, imicabango, imizwa yawo wonke umuntu owaza ngawo. UZinaida wabiza "izinkondlo", ngaleyo ndlela wabona ithalente lakhe lezincwadi. Embuthanweni owabuthana kuye, wonke umuntu wabhala izinkondlo, ukulingiswa okuthandwa kakhulu ngesikhathi seMamen Sugon. Izinkondlo Hippius zazivele zivele zivela esigabeni sonke sezinto ezingokomzwelo zabantu abadidiyeli.
Into yokufunda
Indlu kaMerezhkovsky yaba maphakathi nempilo yenkolo nefilosofi eSt. Petersburg. Bonke abacabangi abasebasha nababhali abasaqala baphupha ngokuqhubeka nokubhalwa kwezincwadi zabalingani. Izivakashi ze-salon zabona ukwethenjwa kweHippius futhi ingxenye enkulu bekukholelwa ukuthi yiqhaza eliphambili ekutholeni komphakathi owasungulwa ezungeze uDmitry Sergeevich.Emibuthanweni ebhaliwe yenhloko-dolobha uZinaida Nikolaevna yayisezikhundleni ezithuthukile: ngokunyusa kwakhe, u-nobip we-alexander blok wenzeka, waletha i-novice osip kaMandelstam, ungumnikazi wokubukeza izimbophi bese kuthi noma ngubani odumaza USergey Yeenin.
Kusukela ngo-1888, waqala ukuphrinta: Ukushicilelwa kwalo kokuqala kwakuyizinkondlo e-The Journal "Northern Vestnik", ke indzaba e-Europe ". Kamuva ukushicilela izindatshana zokubhala nezibucayi, wathatha i-pseudonym - u-Anton weqisa. Izincwadi zabhala ngayo yonke into: "" "Iqhwa"), ngothando ("ukungasebenzi", "Thandani munye"), "Yazi!", " ngeke afe "), mayelana nabantu (" umphetho "," ingilazi ").
Izinkondlo zeZinaida Hippius, kanye neProferry Merezhkovsky, ayizange ingene kuhlaka lwezincwadi ezamukelekayo ezamukelekayo. Ngakho-ke, abashicileli banyathelisa imisebenzi yabo engcupheni yabo.
UHippius wayengumsuka wophawu olusezingeni eliphezulu eRussia. Kanye noFedor Sologube, uValery Bryusov, uNikolai Minsk, iKonstantin Balmont, u-Annana ansunsky, wakha ngesikhundla se- "Senior Symbol" ngesikhathi sokuphila kwakhe.
Izinhloso eziphambili zezinkondlo zakuqala - iziqalekiso zeqiniso eliyisicefe kanye nokukhazinyuliswa komhlaba wezwe lokucabanga, umuzwa wokungabi nalukunganabantu, ngasikhathi sinye ukomela isizungu. Ezindabeni zezincwadi ezimbili zokuqala "abantu abasha" (1896) kanye "nezibuko" (1898) (1898) bavimbe imibono kaDostoevsky, uHylius ophuthelwe ngentengo yakhe yokuqonda komhlaba wakhe uqobo.
Ekuthuthukisweni kwemibono nokudala kombhali, inguquko yokuqala yaseRussia yadlala indima enkulu (1905-1907). Ngemuva kwakhe, amaqoqo 'amnyama amhlophe "ka-1908)," izintuthwane zenyanga "(1912) ziphume (1912); Amanoveli "iChertov Doll" (1911), "Roman-Tsarevich" (1913). Emisebenzini yakhe, uHippiyu wathi ngaphandle kokuthi "ukuguqulwa komoya", ushintsho lwezenhlalo lungenzeki.
Njengoba uhlangabezane ne-Oktle Oktyabrskaya Revolution of 1917, uHippiyu nomyeni wakhe bafudukela eParis. Umsebenzi wokufuduka kaZinaida uqukethe izinkondlo, izinkumbulo nezintatheli. Ukhulume ngokuhlaselwa okubukhali eSoviet Russia futhi waprofetha ngokushesha ukuwa.
Ukuxazulula eParis, lapho besekhona khona amafulethi izikhathi zangaphambi kwezinguquko, uMeriazhkovsky aqala kabusha ukujwayela ngombala wokufuduka kwamaRussia: uNikolai Berdyaev, u-Ivan Shmelev, konstantin Balmont, u-Ivan Bunin, uCookey alexander, nabanye.
Ngo-1926, abashadikazi bahlela "isibani sefilosofi" esiluhlaza "- uhlobo lokuqhubeka komphakathi ongaziwa kokuqala kwekhulu le-XIX, lapho u-Alexander Pushkin ebamba iqhaza khona.
Imihlangano yavalwa, futhi izivakashi zamenyelwa kuphela ohlwini. U-Alexey Remizov, Boris Zaitsev, Ivan Bunin, uNadezhda Teffi, uMark Aldanov noNikolai Berdyaent babengabahlanganyeli baphakade emihlanganweni "emihlanganweni". Ngokuqala kweMpi Yezwe II, umphakathi waphela ukuba khona.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ukuphila mayelana nokufika kothando lwe-White Cavivipi, izinganekwane zatholakala. Owesifazane owayenenani elikhulu labalandeli washada kanye kuphela. Umyeni wakhe wayeyi-polosopher eyiphutha nembongi - uDmitry Merezhkovsky. Inyunyana yabo ibizwa kaningingezongelo: UZinaida kwathiwa amanoveli anazo zonke izibopho zeT. Petersburg, kanye ne-Dmitry - Isikweletu sabesilisa. Abangane abaseduze kuphela ababazi ukuthi la maningi laba bantu abajwayelekile abathandanayo.
Intsha yahlangana ngonyaka we-1888 eBorjomi. Lapho, uHippiyu walungisa impilo yakhe, noMerezhkovsky, ehamba ngaleso sikhathi eCaucasus, wayesendaweni yedolobha. Engxoxweni yokuqala, uZinaida wezwa imiphefumulo ye-kinship eyimfihlakalo. UDmitry wahlatshwa umxhwele yizinkondlo ezineminyaka eyishumi nesishiyagalombili. Wabuyiselwa obuningi ubuhle bentombazane njengengqondo yakhe. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, le ndoda yenza isigwebo esithandekayo, futhi yena, akekho owesibili, owasabela ngesivumelwano.
NgoJanuwari 8, 1889, kwavela umshado womshado onesizotha eTiflis. Usuku Lomshado Lo mbhangqwana alubonanga. Lapho bebuyela ekhaya, ngamunye wabo waya emsebenzini: Mereshkovsky - eProse, ne-Hyyius - ezinkondlisi. Kamuva kakhulu emikhumbuzweni yezinkondlo kuyavuma ukuthi konke kwakubaluleke kakhulu kangangokuba wayengazange akhumbule ngakusasa ekuseni kuye olulandelayo ashada naye.
Kuyaziwa ngokuthembekile ukuthi kwakungekho ubudlelwane obuseduze phakathi kwabashadikazi. Isimiso semvubu asizange sithakazelise injabulo yenyama. Owesifazane akazange acabange ngokuphila ngaphandle kwezinto ezimbili: Ukuboniswa kanye nomsebenzi wobuntu. Konke okunye akudelekile futhi akwenqatshelwe, noma ukugconwa. Kuyiqiniso, uZinaida webiwa ukunaka kwamadoda. Devadent Madonna wayazi ukuthi angabujabulela kanjani ubuhle bakhe. Wayekuthanda ukuheha futhi wayethanda ukuthakazelwa, kepha lapho-ke izincwadi azikaze zize.
"Ubudlelwano" abenabo nomlobi uNikolai Minsk, futhi ngeProsaik Food Chevinsky, futhi ngokugxekwa kuka-Akim Volynsky. UDedita we-White Devititta ubhekisisa ukubheka emehlweni ngaphandle kwenkumbulo yabathandi emadodeni akhe futhi babona okwakhe.
Ngo-1905, umndeni wakwaMeriazhkovsky wasondelana nodokotela wefilosofi ye-Dmitry. Abalobi abadali ndawonye kuphela, kodwa futhi baphila. Emehlweni emphakathini, "inyunyana kathathu" yababhali kwakungenhla kokungahloniphi. Abantu basola ama-hippius, bethi uyazidumaza ngendlela engafanele kangaka nomyeni wakhe.
Ama-chasess kaMorrali akhohlwe ukuthi izinkondlo, ezinefilosofi i-Dmitry, azikwazanga ukuba nobudlelwano obunonya, ngoba ososayensi bekungukuziphatha okungokocansi okungewona okweshumi nangokwesiko, futhi kusukela komunye umcabango wakhe "waphenduka ngaphakathi." Ukuhlanzeka kwabo - ukuhlolwa okuhlulekile, inhloso yawo kwakuwukubhujiswa kwezindlela zokuziphatha zaseZaradnoy.
Noma yimaphi amahemuhemu angazange ahambele izinkondlo, noma ngabe amanoveli angakanani angenawo ngempela yini ku-akhawunti yakhe, konke lokhu ekugcineni akunandaba, ngoba umphefumulo wabameli awuzange uqaphele noma ngubani, ngaphandle kuka-Dmitry Merezhkovsky, naye uZinaida UNikolaevna waphila uhhafu wekhulu.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kokushona komyeni wakhe, uHippius waqala ukubhala incwadi ethi "Dmitry Merezhkovsky", kodwa ngenxa yokuthi uZinaida wayeka ukusebenza ngesandla sokudla, akunakuwuqeda umsebenzi.Ukuncishiswa kwalelo thuba ukwenza izinkondlo zilahlekelwa kancane kancane ingqondo. Umlobi wayefuna ukuhlangana kabusha ngangokunokwenzeka nomyeni wakhe ngokushesha okukhulu, ngakho-ke wazama ukuya emhlabeni ngaphambi komnqamulajuqu. Ngemuva kochungechunge lokwehluleka, imicabango engokoqobo yasebenza kahle, lapho uDmitry Sergeevich esaphila khona.
Owesifazane onobudlova kuphela owayahlanya kwakungukati. Okwesibili, isilwane esingazange sishiye umninikhaya sashiya umfazi kanye kuphela - ngosuku lokufa kwakhe. Ukufa, uZinaida Nikolaevna wazama ngeze ukubheka iminyaka yakhe yokugcina ngezandla zakhe.
Ngobusuku ngoSepthemba 1, 1945, ubaba Vasily Zhenkovsky eMonvous Hippius. Wayeqonda okuncane, kepha inhlanganyelo yagwinya. Inganekwane yekhulu lesiliva yangena ekuqothulweni ngoSepthemba 9, 1945 (eneminyaka engu-76). Wangcwatshwa emathuneni aseRussia eSanta-Geneva de Boua ethuneni elilodwa nomlingani wakhe. Amagugu okubhalela izimfihlakalo agcinwe ekuqoqweni kwezinkondlo, amadrama namanoveli.
I-Bibliography
- 1889-1903 - "Ukuqoqwa Kwezinkondlo"
- Ngo-1896 - "Abantu Abasha"
- 1898 - "Izibuko"
- Ngo-1901 - "Incwadi Yendaba Yesithathu"
- 1903-1909 - "Ukuqoqwa Kwezinkondlo"
- Ngo-1907 - "Inkemba Ebomvu"
- 1908 - "Mnyama ku-White"
- 1911 - "Donova Doll"
- 1912 - "Izintuthwane zeLunar"
- 1913 - "Roman-Tsarevich"
- 1914-1918 - "Izinkondlo Zakamuva"
- 1916 - "Indandatho Eluhlaza"
- 1922 - "Izinkondlo. Idayari 1911-1921