I-Biograge
"Umculi wemvelo yaseRussia" - ngakho-ke ubizwa ngokuthi umlobi osebenza naye konstantin Powesty. UMaxim Gorky wancoma i-provine ngethalente lakhe ukuze anikeze "ukuthambeka okungokomzimba kwakho konke" ngamagama ajwayelekile. UMikhail Mikhailovich S uzithanda izithombe, wazibiza ngokuthi "umdwebi wokukhanya" wathi ucabanga nokuthi "enezithombe".Ubuntwana nentsha
Umlobi wazalwa ethengwe nguDeant-Yelets Merchant - estate esifundazweni sase-Oryol. Lapha, eKhrushchev, uMikhail Mikhailovich - omncane kunabo bonke izingane ezinhlanu uMaria Ignatova noMikhail Svavina babanjwa. Kusuka ku-proceter kamama wamukele amandla omoya nokumelana, kusukela kubaba, elahlekelwe yindawo ejwayelekile, uthando lwemvelo.
Inhloko yomndeni ingumgibeli onekhono ophumelele ekugxumeni kwemiklomelo, wayethanda amaxoxo we-orlovsky, athambekele ekuzingeleni futhi anakekela ingadi esekhulile. Wayazi inkatho ezihlahleni nemibala. Ubaba we-palsy washiya indodana yakhe inkumbulo ekhanyayo: Isandla esinempilo sidweba umdwebo we- "Blue Bobrov" - uphawu lwephupho elingagcwalisekanga. Ngemuva kokushona kukankosikazi, uMaria Ivanovna ngokwakhe wagqoka izinyawo zezingane ezinhlanu. Izakhiwo ezibuyiselwe kabusha nezikweletu azivimbanga owesifazane ukuba anikeze amadodana amane nemfundo yamadodakazi.
Ngo-1883, uMikhail Svavina oneminyaka engu-10 ubudala ovela esikoleni sabaqalayo rustic wadluliswa ekwakhiweni kwe-Gymnasium ema-Yelets. Kepha uMisha omncane kunabo bonke, ngokungafani nabafowethu abadala, akazange ahluke ngenkuthalo - wafika eminyakeni engu-4. Ngenxa yokusebenza kabi, wasala okwesithathu, kepha umfana wakwazi ukuhambisana nothisha, waxoshwa ngawo.
Intshisekelo ezifundweni eSvanovina yavuka eTyumen, lapho uMisha athunyelwa khona kuMalume - Merchant Ivan Ignatov. Ngo-1893, uMikhail Svtain oneminyaka engama-20 ubudala uthweswe iziqu zakwa-Alexander Real School. Umalume ongenamntwana, umfowabo kamama, wayenethemba lokudlulisa umshana, kodwa ukuthi kwakukhona ezinye izinhloso - umlobi wesikhathi esizayo wangena ePolytechnic University eRiga. Lapho, wagcotshwa ngemfucuza yeMarxist futhi wajoyina umbuthano, owayesephenyweni ngonyaka owedlule.
Ngo-1898, uMikhail Svavina wadedelwa ngemuva kwesiphetho sonyaka ejele laseMitava. Waya eLeipzig, lapho aphothula khona ezifundweni ezimbili zekhono lezolimo eyunivesithi, ethola okukhethekile koMhloli Omhlaba. USvarvin wabuyela eRussia nangaphambi kuka-1905 wasebenza njengesayensi yezolimo, wabhala izincwadi zesayensi nezindatshana.
Into yokufunda
Ngenkathi ngisebenza ezincwadini, uMikhail Privhanin wabona ukuthi uhlaka lomsebenzi wesayensi lwalucindezelwe. Ukuzethemba kutholwe ngo-1907, lapho kushicilelwa indaba yokuqala ethi "Sashok". ISvavin ishiya isayensi futhi ibhala izihloko zamaphephandaba. Ubuntatheli kanye nokuthakazelela nge-ethnographybiok ebizwa ngokuthi umlobi ohambweni lonyaka olusenyakatho. UMikhail Mikhailovich wahlola i-pomorie nenkundla ye-avigovsky, lapho aqoqa khona futhi acutshungulwa ama-38 Folk Fairy Tales afakwe eqoqweni lasenyakatho nenganekwane.
Kwaphela izinyanga ezintathu, uMikhail Svain wavakashela ogwini loLwandle Olumhlophe, uKola Peninsula, iziqhingi zaseSolovetsky wabuyela e-Arkhangelsk. Ukusuka lapho ngomkhumbi kwaqhubeka uhambo ngoLwandle lwase-Arctic, wavakashela eNorway futhi, esekhuthaze iScandinavia, wabuyela eSt. Petersburg. Enyakatho yeNyakatho, i-biography yamagama e-SVARVINA ithuthuka ngokushesha: ngesisekelo semibono, wabhala ama-Essaiki ahlanganiswe neqoqo elibizwa nge- "emaphethelweni wendawo ekhishwe ngalo indondo yesiliva.
Ngo-1908, kwavela incwadi yesibili ngo-1908 - ama-Essay wokuhamba ngempilo nawo wonke umuntu wezakhamizi zasenyakatho "ngenxa yomlingo kolobkom". UMikhail Privhanine uthole isisindo embuthanweni wababhali, wenza ubungane no-Alethei Remizov, uDmitry Merezhkovsky noMaxim Gorky. Ngokuya okufanayo ezenzakalweni ka-1908 ngemuva kokuhambahamba ezungeze umshayeli wendiza noKazakhstan, uMikhail Mikhailovich washicilela iqoqo lendatshana "eduze nezindonga zezingalo". Ngo-1912, i-gorky yaqokomisa ukushicilelwa komhlangano wokuqala wemisebenzi yeMikhail Privinta.
Ukusika impi yezwe yokuqala kwaphazamisa umlobi ukuthi abhale izindaba zokuhamba nezinganekwane. IMITHETHO YOKUXHUMANISA IZIMPENDULO EZIQHAWULEKILE ZIPHAKATHI NGAMABHODI NGEMITHETHO EBALULEKILE. I-Bolshevik Revolution Mikhail Privhanin ayizange. Ukunamathela ekubukeni kweSerc, waphrinta izindatshana zemibono, uhhafu wethukile no-Alexander Blok, owakhuluma eceleni kukahulumeni omusha, ovakashelwe. Kepha ngemuva kuka-Okthoba, umbhali washiya phansi umsebenzi weSoviet.
Ngawo-1920s, uMikhail Privhanin wahlangana esifundeni saseSmolensk. Umlando wendawo onothando lomzingeli, osuka ku-smolensk uye kwa-ebet, futhi ukusuka lapho esifundeni saseMoscow, wabhala inqwaba yezindaba nezinganekwane zezingane ezihlanganiswe eqoqweni "Ikhalenda lemvelo". Ukuphawula okuvela emvelweni nasezilwaneni kwakha isisekelo sezindaba "isinkwa seLisukhan" ne- "Yozh". Ibhalwe ngolimi olulula lokulandisa mayelana namaHood of ZIMI ZEZIMALI lwenzelwe ukuvusa abafundi abancane abathanda iFlora neFauna. Ku- "Lisukan isinkwa", uMikhail Privhanin watshela izingane ukuthi kungani iklabishi libizwa ngokuthi i-hare, nesinkwa - ifile. E "hedgehog" utshela ngobungani bakaHedgehog nendoda.
"I-Berevian Tube", "Bear" kanye "nomzila ophindwe kabili" kuzokhipha izinganekwane ngezilwane. Endabeni "bafo kanye nama-ducklings", uMikhail Mikhailovich asho ngokuhlangenwe nakho kokucaciswa kwasendle mayelana nezinsana zakhe, ababamba izingane. Futhi ku "Luga eGolide" ne- "Life on the strap", iSvarvin yakhuluma ngemvelo ukuze abafundi abancane baqonde - uyaphila.
UMikhail Privranin ngawo-1920-30s wabhala izingane kanye nabantu abadala. Kule minyaka, wasebenza endabeni ye-autobiographical ye- "Cascoeva Chain". Umlobi waqala inoveli ngawo-1920 futhi wasebenza kuwo ezinsukwini zokugcina zokuphila. Ngawo-1930s, umlobi wathenga iveni, elanikezwa igama elithi "Masha". Ngemoto, uSvarvin wahamba ezweni lonke. Kamuva, iveni yathatha indawo "Moskvich".
Ngale minyaka, uMikhail Mikhailovich wavakashela esifundeni saseMpumalanga. Umphumela wohambo kwakuyincwadi ethi "Izilo Ezithandekayo" nendaba "I-Ginseng". Indaba "entwasahlobo evamile" svavin yahlanganiswa ngaphansi kokuvezwa kohambo oluzungeze i-kostroma ne-yaroslavl. Maphakathi nawo-1930, ngemuva kohambo oluya enyakatho yeRussia, uMikhail Privhanin waqamba le ncwadi yezindaba zikaBerendeva Bazheti futhi aqala ukubhala kwendaba ye- "Ship Cup".
Ngesikhathi seMpi Yezwe II, umbhali oneminyaka engama-70 waya endaweni yokuhamba esifundeni saseYaroslavl. Uthando lweFlora nezilwane futhi lapho ngathola isicelo: I-PRIVERHANIN yavikela ihlathi elizungeze idolobhana, lapho ahlala khona, kusukela ekubhujisweni ngabathuthukisi be-peat. Ngonyaka wempi yempi, uMikhail Svtain weza enhlokodolobha futhi washicilela indaba "amaconsi amahlathi". Ngo-1945, kwavela i-EPIC Fage Tage "Geroloom Ilanga".
Indaba ethi "Izwe Lami" yisibonelo esikhanyayo sokuthinta umhlaba wendabuko. Kubhalwe ngamagama alula, ngaphandle kwe-PATOS enhle kakhulu. Akukho sakhiwo esicacile, imizwa eyengeziwe. Kepha, ukufunda le ndaba, zizwe iphunga letiye ubisi, uzwa izwi likamama, umsindo wehlathi nezinyoni.
Ngemuva kwempi, uMikhail Navitin wathenga indlu ye-dunino edolobhaneni laseTornino, lapho ahlala khona njalo ehlobo kuze kube ngu-1953. Ukuthakazelwa nge-Photodel nge-1920s yaphenduka udaba lwempilo yonke, ngokuqhathaniswa ngokubaluleka nokubhala kusebenza ngemvelo nezilwane. Endlini yedolobhana, uSvavina wathola indawo yelebhu yesithombe. Kwakugcinwe edinano, lapho kwakuvela khona uMnyuziyamu ngemuva kokufa kweprosese.
UMikhail Svtainen wasusa imvelo kuwo wonke ama-engeli, efanekisela izithombe ezibhaliwe izincwadi. "Ukunisela" abanye abathembekile kuze kube yiminyaka edlule yokuphila. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-Biographier kanye nabagxeki babizwa ngokuthi "idayari". Amarekhodi okuqala abhalwa phansi ngo-1905, ngonyaka wokugcina - 1954. Ivolumu ye- "Diaries" idlula iqoqo le-8-tomny yemisebenzi yombhali. Kufundwa okufakiwe, kucace imibono kaMikhail Mikhailovich empilweni, emphakathini kanye neqhaza lomlobi. Ishicilelwe "diaries" ngawo-1980. Phambilini, bebengabaphutheli ukuze bacwaningwe.
Ngemisebenzi emibili, kwasuswa amafilimu. Isithombe se- "Hut of the Old Louven" saphuma maphakathi nawo-1930, kodwa singalondolozwa kulolu suku. Futhi idrama ye-adventure "umoya wamaWanders" - Ukuvikelwa Kwezinganekwane "Ingxoxo Yemikhumbi" ne "Storeroom Lit" - Izilaleli zabona esikrinini ngo-1978, ngemuva kokushona kukaMikhail Svavina.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umfazi wokuqala womlobi kwakuwumncane ukusuka edolobhaneni laseSmolensk lase-Efrosinia Badikina. Ukuze uthole i-efrosigny, uPavlovna wayengumshado wesibili. Enyunyana yokuqala, lona wesifazane wazalelwa indodana kaYakoV (wafa ngaphambili). "Ku-Diaries", iSvarvin ibiza unkosikazi wokuqala kaFrosya, ngaphansi kwePavlovna kancane. Ebunyeni nalona wesifazane, umlobi wazalwa amadodana amathathu.
U-Sergey onguNjwabulili ufele ebuntwaneni. Indodana yesibili - uLeo Svavina, i-Welletrist, eyabhala ibhubesi le-alpatov ngaphansi kwebhubesi elithi le-pseudony - alizange libe ngo-1957. Indodana yesithathu, u-Ohotyad Peter Svavin, washona ngo-1987. Yena, njengengonyama, wathatha isipho somlobi ovela kuYise. Ngo-2009, ukujwayela okungu-100 kokuzalwa kukaPeter Mikhailovich, bashicilela amaMemoirs alotshwe nguYe.
Ngawo-1940, eneminyaka engama-197, uMikhail Privhanine washiya umndeni washada noValeria Lorsko, owayeneminyaka engu-26 ubudala. Bendawonye bahlala iminyaka eyi-14. Umfelokazi womlobi wabhala ngomyeni womyeni odumile, wagcina imilando kuze kube ngu-1979 - unyaka wokufa kwakhe - wahola umnyuziyamu womlobi.
Ukushona
Eminyakeni engu-80, odokotela bathola njengesifo sokubhala esitobhini - umdlavuza wesisu. USvarvin ushone ezinyangeni eziyisithupha, maphakathi noJanuwari 1954, enhlokodolobha. Ngesikhathi sokufa, wayeneminyaka engama-81.
UMikhail Mikhailovich wangcwatshwa emathuneni owethuliwe. Igama lakhe labizwa ngokuthi yi-Mountain Peak kanye neLake eCaucasian Reserve, eKurilla nase-Asteroid, kuvulwe ngo-1982.
I-Bibliography
- Ngo-1907 - "Emaphethelweni wezinyoni ze-nonpougalia"
- Ngo-1908 - "Okwe-Magic Kolobkom"
- 1908 - "Ezindongeni Zangabonakali"
- 1933 - "I-GINSEng"
- Ngo-1935 - "Ikhalenda Yemvelo"
- Ngo-1936 - "I-Berendeva Chaphet"
- 1945 - "ILanga Lama-Geroroom"
- 1954 - "Ingxoxo Yokuthumela"
- 1960 - "I-Cascoeva Chain"