I-Biograge
Ubuhlakani bezempi baseRussia, inhlangana enkulu, ukunqoba kwe-Generissimus - Noma yiziphi iziqephu ezingazange zisebenzise ebuhlotsheni bayo, zenze weqisa ubuhle bezinhlekelele zamasosha ezivelele. Uwine izimpi ezingaphezu kuka-60 ahlanganyela kuzo. U-Alexander Vasilyevich Suvorov wanakekela amasosha njengobaba, ethuthukisa umfaniswano osebenzayo, athathelwa indawo umfaniswano omncane wePrussian, ethuthukisa i-Charter kanye nemithetho yezemfundo.
Izazi-mlando zibiza umkhuzi zihlukile, ngoba ingxenye yesigamu seminyaka yenkonzo yaholela ekusebenzeni okuhlaselayo futhi ayikaze ibambe iqhaza empini evikelayo. USuvorov wakwazi ukuvikela izwe omakhelwane obunolaka iminyaka eminingi eminyaka, wenza imingcele yempepho yombuso.
Ubuntwana nentsha
I-Generalsimus yesikhathi esizayo yazalwa emndenini kaVagily Suvorov, uPhetro wokuqala owengeziwe, owaqala inkonzo yamawele nomhumushi nenkosi. Ngaphansi kukaCatherine, uVasily Ivanovich wasebenza ehhovisi eliyimfihlo futhi wasebenza ngesihloko esivamile. Ngaphambi nje kokuba kushise ukwesula kwakhe. Umama we-Commander odumile avdota Manukova uvela kubantu abadala. Ubaba wakhe wayeyiPhini likaMongameli weKolishi elivotelwe.
Mhlawumbe emithanjeni, u-Alexander Suvorov wageleza hhayi nje kuphela isiRussia, kodwa futhi negazi laseSweden ne-Armenia. Inganekwane yomndeni ithi uhlu lochungeko lwe-Commander lwenzeka kusukela eSwede Swedede Suvorov, eyaba amaRussia subman ngo-1622. Futhi izimpande zikamama zingcwatshwe e-Armenia ("Manuk" ekuhumusheni olimini lwesi-Armenia - ingane).
Cishe unyaka nenyanga yokuzalwa kuka-Alexander Suvorov ukuphikisana, yena uqobo. E-autobiography, i-warlord yaveza ukuthi waqala ukusebenzela umfana oneminyaka engu-15 ngonyaka we-1742 (I.E., usuku lokuzalwa - 1727). Kwesinye inothi, u-Alexander Vasilyevich ukhombisa i-1730. Kunosuku lwesithathu - 1729, olukhonjiswe kwi-Regimental Journal, lapho angena khona osemusha.
Igama leNdodana yakhe lanika uYise, lidume ngokubhala isichazamazwi sempi yokuqala eRussia. Akumangazi ukuthi uVasily Suvorov obizwa ngokuthi inzalo ukuhlonipha umphathi wasendulo waseRussia u-Alexander Nevsky. Isithakazelo esimweni sezempi, umfana wathatha umzali: Ngenxa ye-vasily ivanovich efeni kwakuwumtapo wezincwadi ocebile. Emashalofini agcinwe amamathenji kuma-artillery kanye nokuziqinisa, lapho uShasha Omncane ayengumlutha, wafunda khona.
Kepha uYise, owayephupha ngalowo ozongena emphumeleni wezempi, wayengabaza kakhulu ngekusasa leNdodana: umfana wayebuhlungu futhi egula. UVasily Ivanovich wabona izinceku zika-Alexander Civil. Kepha umfana owayazi endabeni yentsha ngento yezempi eyayaziwa kunoma yisiphi isikhulu, ehlose umsebenzi wezempi. USuvorov osemusha wavunwa futhi nsuku zonke abeka umzimba ngokuzivocavoca umzimba okuqeda amandla.
Lapho nje iGunnibal Gunnibal, Gunnibal, egujwe endlini, yabona ukuthi umfana, edlala amasosha, ahola kahle kakhulu "amaqhinga. UHannibal weluleka uSuvorov-Senior ukuthi akhethe indodana yakhe amasosha akhethekile.
Umbutho wezempi
Ngo-1742, u-Alexander Suvorov waba yi-musketeer yenhlangano ye-semenov. Ngemuva kweminyaka engu-6, sekuthole isikhundla sesikhulu, kwaqala inkonzo yangempela yezempi. Ngalesi sikhathi, le nsizwa ithuthukise ulwazi, ivakashele amakilasi emigudlana kaSt. Petersburg kanye nokutadisha izilimi zakwamanye amazwe.
E-biography ka-Alexander Suvorov, umcimbi obalulekile wenzeka ekuqaleni komsebenzi wezempi. Lapho emi eKaraul ePeterhof, indlovukazi ka-Elizabeth Petrovna yadlula. I-Empress yasondela eSuvorov futhi, isifundile, owayeyindodana yakhe yokwelula insizwa. Kepha wenqaba, echaza ukuthi i-Charter ayitsheli ihora ukuthi lithathe imali. U-Elizabeth Petrovna uncome i-rifle iwashi futhi wabeka umfutho emhlabathini, ethi uSuvorov ukuthatha isevisi. Uhlamvu lwemali luka-Alexander Vasilievish lwagcina impilo yakhe yonke.
Ngo-1754, u-Olieutenant Alexander Suvorov wabhalwa e-Intermanland Infantry Ground. Ngemuva konyaka, bathatha ukuyokhonza eCollelium yamasosha, lapho ahlala khona kwaze kwaba ngu-1758. Eminyakeni yokuqala, impi eneminyaka eyisikhombisa, uSuvorov wasebenza engxenyeni engemuva, edlula ezikhundleni ezivela kuNgqongqoshe wesifundazwe waya kuNdunankulu omkhulu, lapho efundela umsebenzi wezinsizakalo zangemuva kanye nezempi.
Ngo-1758, u-Alexander Suvorov wadluliselwa embuthweni wamanje. Ngemuva konyaka, ikusasa elithi Generalssimus labamba iqhaza empini yokuqala: Ukuqopha i-Dragun Squadron, kwahlaselwa ngempumelelo, kuphoqelela ama-Dragon amaJalimane ukuba aphunyuke.
Impi yokuqala, eyayibambe iqhaza eSuvorov, yayibanjelwe ngaphansi kweKunesdorf ngo-Agasti 1759. Lo msebenzi wezempi waziwa ngokuthi yinguquko empini yeminyaka eyisikhombisa. Ubeka iphuzu ekunqotshweni kwebutho lePrussian. Njengoba sezikhombisile empini, u-Alexander Suvorov waba yisikhulu esikhungweni se-Commander-in-Chief uWillima FeantMore. Wabamba iqhaza ekuhambeni ngempumelelo kweBerlin noGeneral-Annef.
Ekuqaleni kwawo-1760, u-Alexander Suvorov wadlulisela ekuhanjisweni e-General Vista Berg. Ubephathiswe ukuyolwa yi-gusar kanye nokuqunjelwa ukuqunjelwa, ukumboza imfucuza yesigaba saseRussia kuBrosseslar futhi wachitha ilungiselelo lomphikisi. Ekwindla ka-1762, uSuvorov wakhiqizwa eColonel Chin futhi wabeka ekhanda le-Astrakhan Realment. Kwenkonzo enhle kakhulu, ukucindezela kwethule isithombe sakhe ku-Alexander Vasilyevich. Kusukela manje kuqhubeke, ngokusho kukaSuvorov, indlela yakhe eya eNkazimulo yaqala.
Kusukela ngo-1763 kuya ku-1769, u-Alexander Suvorov wahola umlando weSuzdal esetshenziswe eLadoga entsha. Ngaleso sikhathi, wabhala "isikhungo sokuqondisa" - imithetho yomsebenzi wokufundisa, insiza yangaphakathi nokuqeqeshwa kwamasosha. Ekwindla le-1768 SUVOROV yabela isihloko seBrigadier.
Ukulwa
Ukwakheka kweSuvorov njengoba umkhuzi wawela eminyakeni ye-Ekaterina enkulu kanye nokunqoba kwezimpi zaseRussia-Turkish. Ngawo-1770s, u-Alexander Vasilyevich wabela isihloko esikhulu. Ngemuva kokunqoba ama-turks ngaphansi kweTurtukate naseKozlugi, waba ngumqambi-nto ojwayelekile. Ngalesi sikhathi, uSuvorov wayenenhlanhla yokusebenza ngaphansi kweFeldMarshal Peter Rumyantsev. Ukuqomisana kwe-Commander kwembulwa empini yesibili yaseRussia - yaseTurkey. Ngo-1788, uGeneral-Annem-Alexander Suvorov wazihlukanisa ngesikhathi sokuvikela iKinburn. Lapha uthole ukulimala kokuqala okukhulu.
Empini enqobayo, i-warlord yethulwa ngumyalo ka-Andrei waqala wabizwa. Okwesibili uSuvorov ulimele ngesikhathi sesiphepho senqaba yaseTurkey e-Ochakov. Phakathi kwezimpi ezimbili zaseTurkey, u-Alexander Suvorov wazifakazela ukusebenza kwawo njengomholi wezempi kanye ne-Strategistiast, ecindezela iBunken Emilen Pugachev. I-Empress yambonga ngokuthi ngamacala ayinkulungwane ama-Chevonia. NgoSeptemba 1789, impi kaRamnica yenzeka. Amasosha ama-Russian-Austrian ayizinkulungwane ezingama-Russians angamakhulu ayisithupha anqoba amabutho ayi-100,000 aseTurkey aseYusuf-Pasha. Amabutho aseRussia kule mpi ekhanda u-Alexander Suvorov.
Ukunqoba eRhmnik kwabonisa inzuzo yezikhali zaseRussia enkundleni yemidlalo yezempi, eshintsha indawo ehlelekile ngaphambili. Ukunqoba okuqhakazile kwe-Commander kwakungukuthatha okusheshayo ngoDisemba 1790 yi-Turtess Porteress Ishmael, eyayithathwa njengekungenakugwenywa. Impi yangena ezindabeni zomlando waseRussia, ifakwa emgqeni owodwa ngePoltava naseBorodino izimpi.
Ngemuva kokufa kwe-Empress ngo-1796, uPawulu wathathelwa indawo uPavel. Ubudlelwano nendodana ye-Ekaterina Alekseevna, u-Alexander Suvorov, ayenamandla. Ngemuva konyaka, inkosi yashicilela umyalo wokushiya umkhuzi. NgoFebhuwari, insimu iMashal yadingiselwa e-generic estate. Kepha ngemuva kokwandisa ngokwezimali zesimo sezepolitiki eYurophu, u-Alexandra Vasilyevich wakhunjulwa. Ababusi base-Austria naseBrithani baphendukela kuPaul ngiyacela ukubeka amabutho ahlale eSuvorov ekhanda lamasosha ahlangene.
Umkhankaso wase-Italy owenziwe yi-warlord yakudala ngonyaka we-1799 wenza ukubaluleka kwabantu besikhathi sabantu besikhathi. U-Alexander Suvorov ubambe umbani onombani nezimpi ezinhle kakhulu. UFeldmarshal wahlala eTurin neMilan, waphula amandla oFrance emfuleni ofunwayo wesidingo, ehlisa ibutho lesitha uhhatho.
AmaFulentshi aqoqe izinsalela zamasosha futhi aholwa nguGeneral Jumener athuthela ePiedmont. Ngo-Agasti, bathatha idolobha laseNovi ligure. Ibutho elihlangene, eliholwa ngu-Alexander Suvorov, lathatha inselelo. Empini ethatha amahora ayi-18 eVouth, amabutho aseFrance ahlulwa, alahlekelwa amasosha ayizinkulungwane eziyi-7 abulawa. Umkhuzi kaJoubert wafa. Lokhu kunqoba bekunqume umkhankaso wase-Italy. Ukunqoba kwe-Emperor ku-Adwime ukunika u-Alexander Suvorov ahlonishwayo efanayo njengobulili begama lomndeni lombusi.
Umkhankaso wezinhlamvu zegolide eziyi-1799 wangena emlandweni webutho laseRussia. Ushintsho oludumile lweSuvorov ngokusebenzisa ama-Alps namhlanje umcabango omangalisayo. UPaul Mina ngokuncoma wathi ukunqoba kuka-Alexander Suvorov phezu kwemvelo uqobo. Ukunqotshwa kweziqongo zentaba zaseSwitzerland kanye nohlu olude kakhulu lokunqoba kwangaphambilini kwaletha umkhuzi enkazimulweni evelele nesihloko sikaGentarissimus - okuphezulu kakhulu esigabeni samasosha.
U-Alexander Suvorov wadala imfundiso entsha yamasosha. Ngokusekelwe kokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kwezobutha, kwathuthukiswa isu namaqhinga wempi. I-Tactical Supply "Isayensi iwine" ebhalwe ngumkhuzi - incwadi yedeskithophu yabaholi bezempi baseRussia. Abafundi bakwaSuvorov baba uMikhail Kutuzov, Nikolay Raevsky, Peter Bagnation. Umkhuzi wanikezwa yonke imiklomelo yamasosha ephakeme kakhulu, kufaka phakathi i-oda laseSt. George degree amathathu.
Isikhumbuzo esiya eGelissimus sakhiwa ngesikhathi sokuphila. Kuvele izikole zeSuvorov, lapho zaletha ezempi ezenzeka esikhathini esizayo. Ngesikhathi sempi enkulu yokuthanda izwe, uSuvorov wanikezwa amaqhawe, igama lomkhuzi lalibizwa ngokuthi yimikhumbi eyishumi nambili. Phakathi kwazo, iBronnioles "Prince Suvorov" nomkhumbi "U-Alexander Suvorov".
Isithombe somkhuzi onohloso sasisetshenziswa kaninginingi ngabaqondisi. U-Alexander Suvorova udlale uNikolai Cherkasov ("SUVOROV"), i-Yuri Katin Yartsev ("BAGRACE"), i-Valery Zoolotukhin ("addy of Love"),
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Okukuphela kwalo lapho u-Alexander Suvorov elahlekile wayengokomuntu. Isifiso somsebenzi wezempi sikhethe abasebasha nentsha kwi-Commander. Eminyakeni engama-40, i-warlord ayinayo imindeni noma izingane. Ubaba walungisa isimo. UVasily Ivanovich uyamunca indodana kamakoti omuhle. Wayengu-Varvara Proorovskaya oneminyaka engama-23, intombazane evela kwisikhulu esimpofu.
Ngo-December 1773, ukuthuthukiswa kwenzeka, ngoJanuwari ngonyaka olandelayo - umshado. Ngaphansi komqhele kwakungamabili ngokumangazayo abantu: Abangafaki, abajeziso kaSuvorov, eduze kwalapho ubuhle beBarbara lwabonakala lungcono kakhulu.
Kepha u-Alexander Suvorov wayengumuntu ohlakaniphe kunabo bonke futhi ofundile we-Epoch, owazazi izilimi ezi-5 zakwamanye amazwe, futhi amaProOorsets abhale ngamaphutha amakhulu, futhi umbuthano wawo wentshisekelo wawunqunyelwe ezingubeni nasezehlakalo zawo.
Amandla kagesi phakathi kwabashadikazi akhula. Ngemuva kokuzalwa kwendodakazi kaNatalia, laba bobabili baqala ukuncenga futhi baxabana. U-Alexander Vasilyevich wanyamalala emaceleni nasezimpini. UVarvara Ivanovna wahola indlela yokuphila, eyayiholwa yibo bonke abantu bakwaNkathi.
Ukufunda "abanomusa" ngengcebo yalowo oshade naye, u-Alexander Suvorov wangena ngokuhambisana nemvelo: wafaka isehlukaniso ekucabangeni ngokomoya, echaza ukuziphatha konkosikazi ongalungile. Kepha bekungenzeki ukuqeda umshado - ihlazo lalungiswa yi-Empress. I-Ekaterina Alekseevna yanikeza enye indondo eyayiya kumkhuzi futhi yacela ukuthi ingafeze usizi kusuka endlini.
Kepha ngo-1784, uSuvorov wafuna isehlukaniso okwesibili, ememezela igama lesithandwa sikankosikazi wakhe. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili, indodana ka-Arkady yabeletha kuVarvara Ivanovna, u-Alexander Suvorov angeniswa ngemuva kweminyaka eyi-12. Abalingani bebengehlukanisile okwesibili, kodwa bendawonye bengasaphila. Umkhuzi wabeka umkakhe okuqukethwe okunesizotha ngama-ruble ayi-1,200, futhi uNatalia wanquma indodakazi yakhe kwi-Smolny Institute, evimba umama.
Ngo-1796, uSuvorov wavuma indodana yakhe futhi wanquma umfana oneminyaka engu-12 ubudala eJuncker. Isiphetho sika-Arkady Suvorov sasidabukisa: Waminza eneminyaka engama-26 ubudala. Kepha abazukulu abane, uyise wakwazi ukunikela. Izingane eziyisithupha zabeletha neNatalia Suvorov. I-warlord ayithetheleli umuntu oshade naye, njengoba ayehlala edwaleni.
Ukushona
Ngemuva kokuphela komkhankaso waseSwitzerland, u-Alexander Suvorov ubuyela eRussia. Inguquko nge-Alps, umkhuzi wagula. Ukujikeleza estate generic eKobrin, ukugijima. ESt. Petersburg, i-Generiassimus yayilinde umhlangano oqinile ngokulungiselela iqhawe. Udokotela oqondiswe yinkosi wabekwa ngu-Alexander vasilyevich ezinyaweni zakhe.
Njengoba sengifikile enhlokodolobha esenyakatho, uSuvorov wamisa endlini yomshana wehle futhi. Ngalesi sikhathi - kuze kube phakade. I-Commander yafela endlini esiteshini se-hook. Umbusi womngcwabo akazange eze. U-Alexander Suvorov wangcwatshwa esontweni laseBlagoveshchensks lase-Alexander Nevsky Lavra.
Amacaphuna
- I-eyemer, ijubane, i-Natisk - naba abaholi bami.
- Ukufunda ukukhanya nokungazi ubumnyama. Inkosi yesaba le nkosi, futhi njengoba umlimi akazi ukuthi angawakho kanjani wena - isinkwa asozelwanga.
- Isitha se-BEY, singamvimba noma siphumelele lowo ozisola yena.
- Kusukela esemncane ukunakekela ukungaziphathi kahle komakhelwane futhi ungalokothi uthethelele okwabo.
- Funda ukulalela ngaphambi kokuyala omunye.
- Ukudubula akuvamile, yebo. Kolya kolya ngokuqinile. Isiwula sezinhlamvu, i-bayonet, senziwe kahle.
- Ubumbano ngunina isithukuthezi kanye nemikhuba eminingi.
- Obani abanesibindi bayaphila. Ngubani owaphumula - lokho kudla.
- Akukho ukufa okubili, kepha umuntu onganamandla.
- Impi isiqediwe kuphela lapho isosha lokugcina elishonile kulo lingcwatshwe kulo.