I-Biograge
UGeorge Martin ungumbhali we-American Science Fiction, umklomelo wemibhalo eminingi yamaphepha, iculo le-Ice nelangabi ", kususelwa kuluphi uchungechunge oludumile" lomdlalo wezinkondlo ". Ngo-2011, lo magazini "Isikhathi" wawuhlanganisa uMartin kubantu abangu-100 abanethonya elikhulu emhlabeni.Ubuntwana nentsha
NgoSeptemba 20, 1948, edolobheni lesifundazwe laseBeyonna eNew Jersey emndenini olula umthwalo we-raymond collins martin u-Martin uzalwa amazibulo, okuzoba ngumlobi odumile. UGeorge Raymond Richard Martin ROS futhi wakhuliswa emndenini omkhulu owayekade owayehlala endlini yezenhlalo emgwaqweni wokuqala. Kuyaziwa ukuthi ingxube ekhalayo yegazi lamazwe ahlukahlukene ligeleza evelweni lomlobi. Ubaba kaGeorge uyisizukulwane sabafuduki base-Italiya nabaseJalimane, futhi umama wombhali waqhamuka ohlwini lwabantu abaphawuleka ababeneqhawe elithile ngesikhathi esisodwa abambe iqhaza elikhulu empilweni kaBeyonna.
Umlobi uphinde athwele ama-French, Welsh, English and German Roots. Umlando kaMargaret mayelana nefa lomndeni leBraddy Dronusty nangobudala begolide lase-Asia futhi abunjiswe unomphela engqondweni yomfana. Engxoxweni kanye netshe elidumile eligoqayo, i-Master of the Pen yavuma ukuthi ubuhlobo bakhe noyise bengabekwanga. Ngokufanelekile, ubaba nendodana bebengekho eduze: babona usuku ngalunye, babuthana imishwana kuphela. Ukuphela kwento kaJoldja noRaymond, uthando lwezemidlalo. Esikhathini sakhe samahhala, uMartin-SR. Kuthandile ukuphuza, ngenxa yalokho okwabikwa ngumndeni akunazo izimoto: Ngokusho kukaYise womlobi, utshwala obuqinile nokutholakala kwemoto - izinto azihambelani.
Amapende angokoqobo abunjiwe, i-monotony kanye nokwakhiwa kwansuku zonke kwaholela kuGeorge ngokulangazelela. Futhi umhlaba omuhle kuphela ovela ezincwadini zababhali abazithandayo ezenziwe imibala ekhanyayo kwi-grey canvas yempilo. UMartin wabona ukuthi okokuqala ngqa ngijwayelana nemisebenzi yezincwadi zaseNtshonalanga ze-Classical ngenxa yamahlaya akhiqizwa amahlaya ama-Marvel. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ngo-1965, uGeorge, ophefumulelwe ukufika kwama-superheroes, uthole umklomelo wokuqala - Umklomelo we-Alley Awards for le ndaba "Powerman vs. Isithiyo esiluhlaza okwesibhakabhaka. "
Lapho uMartina eneminyaka eyi-10, wethulwa yincwadi kaRobert Caberter Khainlanine "ngine-skandar - elungele ukuhamba." Ngemuva kwalokho i-Mystic Howard Lovecraft kanye neLabdarium John Tolkina yavela ePhilo laseGeorge. Umlobi wesikhathi esizayo one-mop wafunda izinganekwane ezimbi kakhulu nge-ktulhu enkulu neyesabekayo futhi wazethula ngeWander ku-Magic Mediterranean.
UMartin osemusha wafunda eMary Jane Donahue High School ezweni lakubo. Ngesikhathi sezifundo ezijabulisayo, uGeorge waqamba izindaba zegazi ezimile ezikhuluma ngezilo futhi wazithengisa ngamapeni kuma-comrade akhe. Emalini etholwe, insizwa enesiphiwo yathenga ushokoledi oyithandayo we-milky.
Ngemuva kokuphothula esikoleni, uMartin wathuthela e-Illinois eya e-Evanton's City. Lapho, le nsizwa yafundela ikhono lobuntatheli enyakatho-ntshonalanga yeNyuvesi. Yize uGeorge ethola iziqu ze-bachelor kanye neziqu ze-master, kwakungenzeki ukuthola umsebenzi ngokukhethekile: kusukela ngo-1978 uMartin waqala ukufundisa isiNgisi eClark University. Ngeminyaka yama-1980, uJohn wathuthela eHollywood, lapho abhala khona izimo, futhi wasebenza futhi njengomhleli noMkhiqizi.
Into yokufunda
UGeorge waqala wacabanga ngemibhalo ebhaliwe entanjeni. Ngemuva kokufunda iTolkina yamaRoma-Epic "inkosi yezindandatho" ngo-1965, uMartin osemusha uzama ukubhala. Ngemuva kwalokho uGeorge uza nendaba ekhuluma ngendaba enoRhlorine, isikhulu seHerbro, ohamba ngoMbuso waseDotracian efuna amademoni nezilo ezibulale umkhulu wakhe uBarristan onesibindi. Le nsizwa ayizange iqede le ndaba, amagama abalingiswa abaphambili aboniswa emisebenzini eyengeziwe kaMartin.
"Lapho ngifunda, ngacabanga: usuku lwaluzofika, futhi angikwazi ukubhala kungekho okubi kunaye. Kepha ngenhla kwamakhasi kaTolkien waseRoma, ngaze ngaphelelwa yithemba. Ungalokothi Ukwazi Ukukwenza Njengoba Usondela! " - UMartin uthe kwesinye sezingxoxo.Ngo-1971, uGeorge wenze isinqumo kule magazini (ngaphambi kwalokho, uMartin washicilelwa eFencine): I-Galaxy Science Firct iphrinte indaba yakhe "Iqhawe" ("Hero"). Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iFortuna yamamatheka le nsizwa hhayi ngokushesha: ngaphambi kwalokho, umsebenzi we-George gearge eyengeziwe "uthole ukwenqatshwa kwabahleli amarekhodi amahlandla angama-42. Ngo-1976, iqoqo le-rut lezindaba zikaGeorge R. R. Martin "ngengoma mayelana noLeah", onikezwe umklomelo wokubhala "we-Locus".
Ukusuka e-biography yombhali, kuyaziwa ukuthi ubuhlakani baqala ukubhala ngokuthembela ngokujulile ngemuva kokufa kwe-American Favasty Tom Rimy (Tom Rimy), owabulawa yisifo senhliziyo ngoNovemba 4, 1977, ehleli ngemuva komshini wokubhala. Lo mcimbi omubi uMartin wabonwa njengophawu ngaphezulu.
Ngo-1977, uMartin ushicilela inoveli eqanjiwe yesayensi "efayo ukukhanya", okwathi ngo-1979 kwaqokwa umklomelo weBritish Fantasy Awards Award. Lesi sakhiwo sezincwadi sitshelwa nge-warlorn yeplanethi eqanjiwe, ebibambisene ne-expression yomthala, isuke kude nezinkanyezi nemithombo yempilo embusweni wamakhaza nobumnyama. Ngakho-ke, uMartin utshela ngokubhujiswa komhlaba, lapho abalingiswa abaphambili bezama ukuzivumelanisa nezimo ezinzima zokuba.
Futhi, umbhali ubhala amaqoqo ezindaba athi "Sand Kings" (1981), "Trave Travel" (1986), memel "Ukuhlangana Knight" (1998) neminye imisebenzi eminingi emnandi. Kepha ukuqashelwa kwezilaleli ezibanzi Martin ziletha umjikelezo wamanoveli "Ingoma yeqhwa nelangabi". Lolu chungechunge seludume kangangokuba lahunyushwa ngezilimi ezingama-45 zomhlaba, kanye nokuthengiswa okuphelele ngo-Ephreli 2015 kudlule amakhophi ayizigidi ezingama-60.
"Ingoma yeqhwa nomlilo"
Kuqala, uchungechunge lwezincwadi "Ingoma yeqhwa nelangabi", ukuqala komsebenzi obekufanele kube ngo-1991, kuzibuze ukuthi i-martin njenge-trilogy, kodwa okwamanje umjikelezo ukhule waba yimiqulu emihlanu:
- "Umdlalo Wezimpi" (1996)
- "Impi YamaKhosi" (1998)
- "Isiphepho Sezinkemba" (2000)
- "PIR of vultures" (2005)
- "Dansa Ngedragons" (2011)
Ngenxa yemisebenzi yenkinga yenkinga, abafundi abaningi, sebezwile igama elithi "ubudala eliphakathi", bamelela amabutho amakhosi namakhosazana abukhali, aloloshwe enqabeni emnyama, egadwe yi-monster.
Emanoveli akhe, uMartin ubhubhisa lezi zinto ezibonakalayo, ukulandisa kungagcini nje ngezimpi zegazi nezakhamuzi, kodwa futhi ukukhuluma ngokungenabulungisa, ubuphofu, ukungabekezeleli ngokwenkolo nokuziphatha okubi kwezocansi kulezo zikhathi ezinzima. Ngakho-ke, endaweni yayo eqanjiwe, i-Master izama ukuphinda kabusha okuthile okufana nenkathi yokuqhekeka kwe-feudal, ukuhlinzeka amadragoni alona amnandi futhi unded.
Ezincwadini zikaMartin, kunabantu abaningi abazenzayo kanye nemigqa yecebo, lapho kungadideka khona ekuqaleni. Kepha, naphezu kokuchichima kwamagama, zonke izinhlamvu ze- "Izingoma zeqhwa nelangabi" azinkombana konke okungahleliwe: I-Master ibuya kubo ngesikhathi sokulandisa, iveze umlingiswa omncane kakhulu. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi ubuhlakani bezincwadi baseMelika akesabi ukukhulisa umphakathi, iqhawe lisusa kakhulu emsebenzini wakhe, okwazile ukuthanda abafundi. Ngokusho kombhali, akunakwenzeka ukubhala incwadi enhle lapho akekho ofayo.
By the way, umbono ofanayo wezinhlamvu ezibukhali zokudonsa kusuka esithombeni esiphefumulelwe sikaGeorge u-Alfred Hichkoka "Psycho", lapho umlingiswa oyinhloko efa ngemuva kwemizuzu engamashumi amane eqala. Ngo-2011, kwizinhloso ze "Izingoma ze-Ice ne-Flame" esiteshini se-HBO TV, enye yochungechunge lwesabelomali esikhulu kunazo zonke sasungulwa - "Umdlalo wezinkonzo zobukhosi", okuthi, naphezu kobuningi bobulili kanye nonya Izigcawu, zithole izibuyekezo ezinomdlandla zabagxeki abadumile kanye namaKinomun a-Avid.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Umlobi wokuqala othandekayo waba ngumlobi owaziwayo uLisa tattle, embhalweni wabambisana nalowo uGeorge wabhala ngayo incwadi ethi "Isiphepho ethekwini lemimoya" (1975). Ngenhlanhla, noma ngeshwa, ubudlelwano bama-Natures amabili okudala wabhekana neFiasco. Ngo-1974, i-Master inikeza isandla nenhliziyo kaGale Bernik, lapho ihlukanise khona ngemuva kweminyaka emihlanu yokufundisa.
Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, ngalesi sikhathi uMartin waphila impilo enesivunguvungu futhi wakujabulela ukuthandwa ngowesifazane. Kwakungo-1975 lapho kwenzeka umhlangano onzima ngombhali ngonkosikazi wakhe wesikhathi esizayo (kanye nengxenye yesikhathi noFan of Avels wakhe) - Paris McBride. Ngo-2011, uGeorge noParis banquma ukubhala ngokomthetho ubuhlobo babo. Azikho izingane ezivela kubalingani.
Phakathi kwezinye izinto, uGeorge Martin yiPhilanthrop. Wasungula i-Wild Griving Wolf Sancwele - isisekelo somusa ukusekela izilwane zasendle eNew Mexico. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi ubuhlakani bezincwadi alithandi ukunakwa ngokweqile kwabalandeli.
"Ngadumile futhi ngivele ngikwazi ukuhamba. Futhi lezi "ngikwazi ukwenza i-selfie nawe"! Ngiyafunga: Uma emandleni ami bekuwukushisa wonke amafoni ngamakhamera, bengizokwenza ngaphandle kokucabanga, "kusho izintatheli zaseMelika.UGeorge Martin Manje
Ngo-2017, umbhali usebenza engxenyeni ye-saga "yengoma yeqhwa nelangabi" ngaphansi kwegama elithi "Umoya wasebusika".
Usuku oluqondile lokukhishwa kwenoveli luseyimfihlakalo: Ngokusobala le ncwadi izoshicilelwa ngonyaka we-2017 noma ngo-2018. Ingxenye yokugcina yomjikelezo wamaphupho entwasahlobo ihlelelwe ngo-2020.
I-Bibliography
- "Ingoma kaLii" 1976 (Ukuqoqwa Kwezindaba)
- "Ukudla okufayo", 1977
- "Indlela yesiphambano nodrako", 1979
- "I-Sand Kings" 1981 (Ukuqoqwa Kwendaba)
- "Ama-Harbour Wind", 1981 (Ngokubambisana noLiza Tatl)
- "Amaphupho kaFebhuwari", 1982
- "Ukubhoboza ubumnyama", 1985 (umqoqi wezindaba).
- "TAFA Travel", 1986 (Ukuqoqwa Kwendaba)
- "I-Planut Star", 1993 (amanoveli nezindaba)
- Umjikelezo "iculo leqhwa nomlilo" (kusuka ngo-1996)