I-Biograge
Umbhali we-Love Theory yamathangi amanzi, isihlabathi se-Georges, angahanjiswa emugqeni owodwa nabamele abakhanyiso kakhulu be-French Romantism - u-Alfred de Mussesse, uFrancois Rene de Chastubrants no-Alexander Duma.
Ukuphila okulinganiselwa kwe-Hostess Estate, ubheke ukuhlaselwa okuphelele futhi uwela umsebenzi womlobi. Emisebenzini yakhe, kwabuswa imibono yenkululeko nokuzimela, futhi nothando lwakhuliswa emphefumulweni. Ngenkathi abafundi befika umfazi, chasi kaMoraley babalwa isihlabathi saye kumuntu onobubi nomkhathi ngobubi. Kuyo yonke impilo kaGeorges kwazivikela yena kanye nobuqambi bakhe, ukumoma imizwa yokubhema mayelana nokuthi owesifazane kufanele abukeke kanjani.
Ubuntwana nentsha
U-Amandin Aurora Lucille Dupen wazalwa ngoJulayi 1804 edolobhaneni laseFrance - eParis. Ubaba weLiti - uMaurice Dupin ungowokusasa, owakhetha umsebenzi wezempi, owayekhona ukungabi nalutho. Umama wezazi zabantu abanonya - u-Antoinetta-Sophie Victoria Develos, indodakazi yezinyoni - wayenedumela elibi futhi wathola umdanso. Ngenxa yemvelaphi kamama, izihlobo ezi-aristocracy isikhathi eside azange zibone u-Amandin. Ukufa kwekhanda lomndeni kwaphenduka impilo yesihlabathi ephuma emilenzeni.
UNkk Dupin (ugogo kagogo), owayesenqabile emihlanganweni nomzukulu wakhe, ngemuva kokushona kwendodana ethandekayo ethandekayo yavuma ku-Aurora, kodwa kwakukhona ulimi olujwayelekile noMaloki. Izingxabano zivame ukuvela phakathi kwabesifazane. USophie Victoria wesaba ukuthi ngemuva kwengxabano elandelayo, asebekhulile, okubaliwe, okubaliwe kwambiza kuye ukuba bancishe ifa lefa. Ukuze ungabi nesiphetho, washiya ifa, eshiya indodakazi enakekelwa ngumkhwekazi.
Isihlabathi sobuntwana asikwazi ukubizwa ngokuthi sijabule: Kakhulu kakhulu ukuxhumana nabantu ontanga, nezincekukazi zogogo, kwesinye isikhathi, zitshengise ukungazinaki. Umbuthano wokuxhumana ngomlobi wawukhawulelwe ku-Coundess esekhulile ne-MonSiere Deschard, uthisha. Intombazane yayifuna ukuba nomngane kakhulu owamsungula. Umlingani othembekile u-Aurora wabizwa ngokuthi amakholi. Lesi sidalwa somlingo sasimeluleki sobabili, nomlaleli, nengelosi egadayo.
U-Amaminin wayekhathazeke kakhulu ngokuhlukana nonina. Le ntombazane yambona ngezikhathi ezithile, ngeza nogogo wayo eParis. Unkosikazi uDupin wafuna ukunciphisa ithonya likaSophie Victoria kube okungenani. Ukhathele ukugada ngokweqile, u-Aurora wakhulelwa ukuphunyula. Ukubala kwale mayelana nenhloso yesihlabathi kwathumela umzukulu wakhe owayevumele izandla zakhe eNugustinia AmaKatolika (1818-1820).
Lapho umlobi wahlangana khona nezincwadi zenkolo. Ukuguqula umbhalo wemiBhalo Engcwele, indlela yokuphila e-ascetic ibilokhu kugqame izinyanga ezimbalwa. Ukukhonjwa noTeresa oNgcwele kwaholela ekutheni i-aurora ilahlekelwe ukulala nokudla.
Akukaziwa ukuthi lokhu kuhlangenwe nakho bekungaphela kanjani, uma uBresoma u-Abbot akazange akujabulele ngesikhathi. Ngenxa yemizwa yemvelo nezifo ezihlala njalo, uGeorges akasakwazi ukuqhubeka nokufunda. Ngokubusiswa kwamajele, ugogo wahamba umzukulu wakhe ekhaya. Umoya omusha wahamba nesihlabathi ukuze kusizakale. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbalwa, kwasala ngomkhondo kusuka ekushisekeni kwenkolo.
Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi u-Aurora wayecebile, uhlakaniphile futhi muhle, emphakathini, wabhekwa njengeziqongweni ezingafanele ngendima kankosikazi wakhe. Imvelaphi yephansi kamama yayenza engalingani nakancane ekwakhiweni kwentsha ephakeme. I-Countess Dupin ayinaso isikhathi sokuthola umzukulu womkhwenyana: ushonile lapho uGeorges eneminyaka engu-17 ubudala. Njengamanje, imisebenzi yama-mabies, uLeibnitsa kanye nentombazane ye-Locke basala umama ongafundile.
Kwalasha kwakhiwa ngesikhathi sokwehlukana phakathi kweSophi Victoria nesihlabathi kwakukhulu kakhulu: U-Aurora wayethanda ukufunda, futhi umama wakhe wawucabanga lo msebenzi wokuchitha isikhathi futhi wawuthatha njalo le ncwadi; Le ntombazane yafuna indlu ebanzi eNaana - uSophie Victoria wambeka efulethini elincane eParis; UGeorges udabuke ngogogo - umdansi wangaphambili, leyo ndaba, wabe esenyiswa ubukhona bomkhwekazi kamama nge-rugs engcolile.
Ngemuva kokuba u-Aletette ehlulekile ukuphoqa indodakazi ukuthi ishade nomuntu owayenenyanya ngokweqile e-Aurora e-Aurora, umfelokazi othukuthele weWolf wahudula enduneni. Ngaleso sikhathi, i-Light Liverisist yabona ukuthi umshado uzomsiza ukuba ahlukane nokucindezelwa komama odelelekile.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Isikhathi sokufika nge-adventures ethandekayo yesihlabathi, kwatholakala izinganekwane. Ama-rafs athi amanoveli akhe anazo zonke izibopho zezincwadi zaseFrance, efuna ukuthi ngenxa yemvelo yomama engabekezeleleki, owesifazane ngokungazi lutho wakhetha amadoda emncane kunaye. Kwakukhona namahemuhemu futhi mayelana nemithambo ye-litali nentombi yakhe, umlingisi uMarie Dorval.
Owesifazane owayenenani elikhulu labalandeli washada kanye kuphela. Umyeni wakhe (kusukela ngo-1822 kuya ku-1836) kwakunguBaron Casimir Dudevan. Kule nyunyana, umlobi wabeletha indodana kaMaurice (1823) nendodakazi i-Sange (1828). Ngenxa yezingane, abashadikazi badumala komunye nomunye babezama ukugcina umshado. Kodwa ukungaziphathi kahle ngokubona kwempilo kwaqina kunesifiso sokukhulisa indodana nendodakazi yakhe emndenini ogcwele.
U-Aurora akazange afihle imvelo yakhe yothando. Yayiqukethe ebudlelwaneni obuvulekile nembongi u-Alfred de Mussse, umqambi we-Ferenitsa sheet kanye nepiyano-vianiaso frederick sopin. Ubudlelwano nale ndawo bokugcina bushiye inxeba elijulile emphefumulweni we-aurora futhi libonakale emisebenzini yesihlabathi "uLucretia Floriani" kanye "nobusika eMallorca".
Igama Langempela
I-Debut Romance "Roses kanye neBlanche" (1831) kungumphumela wokubambisana kwe-aurora ngeJules Sando, umngani osondele kakhulu womlobi. Ukusebenzisana, okufana kakhulu ne-Fakelov, eshicilelwe kumagazini "Figaro", kwasayinwa nge-pseudonym yazo ejwayelekile - isihlabathi seJules. Inoveli yesibili "Indiana" (1832) futhi kuhlelwe ukubhala ngokubambisana, kepha ngenxa yokugula, i-bellarrist ayizange ibambe iqhaza ekwakhiweni kobungcweti, futhi uDudyevan wabhala lo msebenzi kusukela ku-crust.
USando wenqabe ngokungaphansi kwe-general pseudonym ukukhiqiza incwadi ekukhanyeni, ekwakhiweni kwawo angazange akwenze. Umshicileli wakugcizelela lapho kugcinwa khona i-Cryptonym, lapho abafundi babejwayele khona. Ngenxa yokuthi umndeni wamanga uphikisana nokubekwa kwegama labo ukuze wonke umuntu abukeze, umbhali akazange aprintwe ngaphansi kwegama lawo langempela. Ngaphansi kweseluleko somngane, u-Aurora wangena esikhundleni sikaJules kwaGeorge, wasishiya isibongo singashintshiwe.
Into yokufunda
Amanoveli, ashicilelwe ngemuva kwe-Indiana (Valentina, uLelia, uJacques, abeka isihlabathi se-Georges ezinhlwini zentando yeningi zentando yeningi. Maphakathi no-30s, u-Aurora wayezimisele emibonweni ye-Sensimonists. Imisebenzi yabamele i-Utopism yezenhlalo yasePierre Lerrus ("ntombism kanye nobudlelwano", ngo-1834; "ngokulingana", 1839; "kubuntu", ngo-1839) baphefumulela umbhali ngokubhala insangu. yemisebenzi.
Encwadini ethi "Mopra" (1837), ukulahlwa kokuhlubuka kothando kuzwakala, naku- "orase" (1842) kwaba nokubandakanya kokunye. Ukukholelwa kumathuba okudala kwabantu abajwayelekile, ama-pathos omzabalazo wenkululeko kazwelonke, iphupho lobuciko, okhonza abantu, aphelele kanye ne-rudolstadt (1843).
Eminyakeni engama-40, imisebenzi yezenhlalo neyenhlalo yaseDudevan yafinyelela i-apo waboe. Umlobi wabamba iqhaza ekushicilelweni komagazini beLevieewednisies futhi wasekela umsebenzi wezimbongi, ukukhuthaza ubuhlakani babo ("izingxoxo ngezinkondlo proletaris", 1842). Emanoveli akhe, wadala igalari ephelele yezithombe ezingezinhle zabamele abathengisi be-bourgeois (Brikola - "Melnik wase-Anjibo", Cardonne - "Isono sikaMnu Antoine").
Eminyakeni yoMbuso Wesibili, imizwa ye-anticlleric yavela emsebenzini wesihlabathi (impendulo kwinqubomgomo kaLouis Napoleon). "UDaniella" wakhe "ngo-1857), oqukethe ukuhlaselwa ngenkolo yamaKatolika, kwabangela ihlazo, futhi iphephandaba elithi" La Press "lapho ashicilelwe khona, avale. Emva kwalokho, isihlabathi sasuka emisebenzini yezenhlalo futhi sabhala amanoveli emoyeni weMisebenzi Yekuqala: "I-Snowman" (1858), uJean de Viller "(1861).
I-Dostoevsky neTurgenev, Nekrasov, ne-HEZENZEN, ngisho neBelinsky banconywe ngumsebenzi wesihlabathi sikaGeorges.
Ukushona
Iminyaka yokugcina yempilo ka-Aurora Dudevan ebanjelwe efeni lakhe eFrance. Wayegasele ezinganeni nabazukulu abaye bavuma ukulalela izinganekwane zakhe ("okukhuluma nge-oki", "ekhuluma nge-oki", "Calk Cloud"). Ekupheleni kwempilo kaGeorges yaze yathola isidlaliso "Intokazi enhle evela kuNoana."
Inganekwane yezincwadi zaseFrance yangena ekuqothulweni ngoJuni 8, 1876 (eminyakeni engama-72). Imbangela yesihlabathi sokufa iba nokuvinjwa kwamathumbu. Umlobi odumile wangcwatshwa emndenini wakristana e-noana. Abangani dudevan - Flaubert noDuma-Son - Baya Engcwabeni yakhe. Ukufunda ngokufa kwemali yokuthanda izincwadi, ubuhlakani bezinkondlo ze-Arabesque Viktor Hugo wabhala:
"Ngiyakulila oshonile, wamukelani ukungafi!"Ifa lokubhala lomlobi ligcinwe ngamaqoqo ezinkondlo, idrama namanoveli.
Phakathi kokunye, e-Italy, uMqondisi uGeorgio Alberttazias ngokusekelwe esihlabathini se-Autobiographical Sand "Umlando Wempilo Yami" uthathe ifilimu yethelevishini "(1976) noMopra (1926 no-1972 ) babekhethekile eFrance.
I-Bibliography
- "UMelchior" (1832)
- "Leone Leoni" (1835)
- "Udadewabo omncane" (1843)
- "Keroglu" (1843)
- "Karl" (1843)
- "Zhanna" (1844)
- "Isidore" (1846)
- "Henderbenino" (1846)
- "Mopra" (1837)
- "UMose Mosasters" (1838)
- "I-Orco" (1838)
- "I-SIRIDION '(1839)
- "Isono sikaMnu Antoine" (1847)
- "Lucretia Floriani" (1847)
- "Mon-Rhise" (1853)
- "Marquis de Viller" (1861)
- "Ukuvuma kwentombazane encane" (1865)
- Nanon (1872)
- "Izinganekwane zeBabushkina Fairy" (1876)