I-Biograge
URichard Milhaus Nixon ungumpolitiki wase-American kanye nezwe, uMongameli we-36 we-United States (1953-1961), uMongameli we-37, ngo-1969-1974). URichard wazalwa ngoJanuwari 9, 1913 edolobheni laseCalifornia eYorba Linda emndenini omncane, amaScots uFrancis Nixon noshade naye - izinkathi zakhe zendlu - amakhaya uHannah Milhaus Nixon. Lo mndeni wakhuliswa ngamadodana amahlanu - uHarold, uRichard, noDonald, noDonald, owayenegama elithi emva kwamakhosi aseBrithani. URichard, owesibili phakathi kwabafowethu, wathola igama lokuhlonipha uRichard Lion inhliziyo.
UHana kusukela ebuntwaneni ehambele umphakathi wabaQuackers, amagatsha amaProthestani. Owesifazane wadonsela oshade naye kanye nezingane okholweni lwakhe. Ngo-1922, uNixense wathuthela edolobheni laseMhlwini, lapho uRichard eya esikoleni. Naphezu kokuqashwa kwaphakade esitolo sikababa esitolo, okwakungekho kude neBenzokolonkki Nixons, uRichard wakwazi ukuba ngumfundi wesibili womfundi wesikole futhi aphothule kuye ngo-1930 ngamamaki amahle kakhulu. Umfana wanikezwa ukuqeqeshwa eHarvard, kodwa ngenxa yobunzima bezezimali, uRichard wangena ekolishi lakwaWhitier.
Endaweni entsha, lo mndeni wahlehliswa okokuqala: ngo-1925, indodana encane kaNixonov Arthur, ngaleso sikhathi yayineminyaka engu-7 kuphela ubudala, futhi uHarold washona eneminyaka engama-24 evela ku-tuberculosis. Ngo-1934, uNixon wangena esikoleni sezomthetho e-University of Duke, eyayiseDurham. Eminyakeni yabafundi, uRichard waphupha ngomsebenzi e-FBI, kodwa wabuyela eCalifornia, lapho ahlala khona ehhovisi lezomthetho le-wineherrat noBelie. Kusukela ngo-1937, wahlanganisa ekolishi lomthetho. UNixonu uphathise izindaba eziphikisanayo phakathi kwezinkampani zamafutha endawo kanye namafemu okuhweba.
Ngemuva konyaka, ummeli we-novice waphathiswa ebhekise egatsheni lehhovisi edolobheni laseLa Habra Heights, ngo-1939 uNixon wakwazi ukuhlenga ingxenye yamasheya enkampani. Abameli bakwaRichard babheka njengolwazi oludingekayo lwempilo. Ngo-1942, uNixon waqoshwa e-US Navy, lapho aqala khona inkonzo esezingeni likaLieutenant. Izibopho zeSikhulu zazihlanganisa ukuphepha kwezindiza zase-US olwandle lwePacific. UNixon Demobilized ngo-1946 esigabeni se-Lieutenant Commander.
Ipolitiki
Ngo-1946, uRichard esimenyelwe isimemo saseJalimane uPerry, omunye wabaholi beBhange Le-America, wabamba okhethweni lwendlu yabamele yase-US kusuka eCalifornia County. Ngesikhathi somkhankaso wokhetho, ummeli osemusha wakwazi ukudlula ummeleli wangaphambilini kaJ. Vurkhhis. Kulokhu okuthunyelwe, uNixon wathatha izinsuku ezimbili zokugcina. Ekupheleni kweminyaka engama-40s, uNixon wasebenza eMnyangweni weKhomishini Wokuthola Ukuthola AmaKhomanisi Afihlekile, lapho ahlelele futhi aveza khona icala leSoviet Spy of Whittera Amaphamastera, ezazisebenzisana ne-Eldger High eyami.
Ngo-1950, uRichard Nixon wathola igunya likaSenator waseCalifornia futhi wathuthela eWashington. Ngemuva kweminyaka emithathu, omele amaRiphabhulikhi waba yiPhini likaNdunankulu weKhabhinethi le-Eisenhawer. UNixon wahlala njalo uMongameli emihlanganweni neCongress kanye neKhabhinethi, wayevame ukuvela emphakathini, eveza izinqumo zikamongameli nohulumeni. Kathathu kusukela ngo-1955 kuya ku-1957, phakathi nalesi sifo, u-Eisenshuer wathatha izibopho zeNhloko Yezwe.
Ngo-1960, uNixon wayencintisana noJohn Kennedy okhethweni oluzayo, kepha balahlekelwa ngumphikisi ngomehluko omncane. Ngo-1962, maqondana nokwasula kweWhite House, uRichard wabuyela emgqeni okwesikhashana eCalifornia. Ukukhanyisa ukhetho kubabusi bezwe lomdabu, kubhekwe ukuthi umsebenzi wezepolitiki waqedwa. Ngawo lowo nyaka, i-autoon's autobiography "Izinkinga eziyisithupha" zavela, zinikelwe emsebenzini wakhe kuhulumeni wase-US.
Ngo-1963 wathuthela eNew York, lapho kwavulwa khona igatsha lenkampani yezomthetho. Ngemuva konyaka, uNixon wamenyelwa endlunkulu yangaphambi kokhetho lwangaphambi kokhetho lukaMongameli B. Golwater. Ngo-1968, uNixon wamemezela ukuqokwa komuntu wakhe okhethweni lukaMongameli nango-Agasti 7 anqobile abaphikisi bakaHumphrey, J.Merni, N. Rockefeller noR. Reagan.
UMongameli
Umgomo wangaphakathi kaRichard Nixon wayesekelwe ku-Conservatism. UMongameli waphikisana nezinhlelo zenhlalo ukusiza abampofu kubantu, emapulazini, bavimbela ukukhululeka kweNkantolo Ephakeme. Ngesikhathi sokubusa kweNixon, kwakukhona indawo edumile yokufika kwezinkanyezi zaseMelika eNyangeni.
Enhlanganweni yakwamanye amazwe, wonke amacala abuswa ngumeluleki weNational Security, uHenry Kissinger, kuye uNixon abeke umsebenzi wokuhoxisa i-United States eMpini yaseVietnam. Ukuphuma kwamabutho aseMelika, kwaqala ngoJulayi 1969, kwaqala iminyaka emithathu selokhu kwaphela insimu yaseNingizimu Vietnam futhi yaphela ekuqaleni kuka-1973 ngokusayinwa kwesivumelwano sokuthula saseParis.
Ngo-1970, ukuze kulondolozwe isimo somuntu ophakeme, uNixon wathumela impikiswano yezempi eCambodia, lapho uHulumeni omusha kaLobulono waqala ukulwa namaKhomanisi. Ukuqhubeka kwempi empini ekwakhiweni kwavusa ukuhlinzwa okusha emibonisweni eMelika. ENixon, ukuguqulwa kwezepolitiki neSoviet Union kanye neRiphabhulikhi yaseChina yaqala. Ngo-1972, uRichard ukhethwe kaninginingi eposini likaHlelo loMbuso nangomnyaka owodwa lishiya i-PRC, futhi ngoMeyi, kanye nenkontileka ye-ASSR, lapho inkontileka ye-ASSS isayina khona neBrezhnev.
Kakade ngo-1972, izinyanga ezi-4 ngaphambi kokhetho, kwakukhona kuboshwe abantu abahlanu ababeka uhlelo lokuphulukisa endlunkulu kaMongameli okhethwayo eGeorge McGoven Democrats. Ihhovisi lalitholakala esakhiweni samanzi. Ama-detaineets abambe ifilimu kazibuthe ngokurekhoda izingxoxo zenqubomgomo, kanye nezithombe zemibhalo eyimfihlo. Isikali sidlale indima ebulalayo ye-biography yezepolitiki kaMongameli.
Eminyakeni emibili, uphenyo lubonakaliswe ngokungaqondile ngokuzibandakanya kukaRichard Nixon kuleli cala, okwakuqinisekiswa yimibono eminingi, izinsongo kanye nokufumbathisa oFakazi. Ngenxa yalokho, ngo-Agasti 9, 1974, uNixon wesula ngaphansi kosongo lokugcwala. Inhloko elandelayo ye-geral gerald Ford ixoshelwe uNixon, yize isigwebo asizange senziwe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ekuqaleni kuka-1938, uRichard Nixon wahlangana nothisha wesikole kaTelma Pat Ryan komunye wemisebenzi yabadlali bomphakathi waseTheatre Studio Whittio. Insizwa yaqalaza intombazane isikhathi eside ngaphambi kokuvuma ukuba ngumkakhe. NgoJuni 1940, uRichard noTelma bashada. Umlingani wanikeza uNixon amadodakazi amabili - uTrishia (1946) noJulie (1948).
Ngo-1968, uJulie washada noMzukulu kaMongameli Eisenhower David. UTrishi washada nomzukulu weNew Yorker Edward R. Finch, iziqu uHarvard, ummeli u-Edward Finch Coke ngo-1971. UTelma Nixon ushone ngoJuni 22, 1993 kusuka kumdlavuza wamaphaphu.
Ukufa nememori
Ngemuva kokwesula, uRichard Nixon wabandakanyeka ekubhaleni umsebenzi wezemibhalo kanye nezikhumbuzo. Umongameli wangaphambili wenqatshelwe ukuqhuba imisebenzi yezomthetho nezepolitiki. EMINYAKENI yamuva nje uRichard wayehlala engxenyeni evaliwe ePark Ridge, eNew Jersey, lapho afelwa khona ngenxa ye-hemorrhage engqondweni ngo-Ephreli 22, 1994.
URichard Nixon wayevame ukuba yiqhawe lamafilimu aseHollywood. Ngo-1995, umqondisi u-Oliver Stone wasusa idrama yezombusazwe "Nixon", lapho u-Anthony Hopkins adlala indima enkulu kaMongameli. Kumahlaya "U-Elvis ahlangana noNixon" kanye "nentombi kaMongameli" inhloko yombuso yadlala uBob Ganton noDan Hedai.
Ekuqaleni kuka-1974, kwenzeka isigameko ezindiza eDelta, eyayibhekwa njengomzamo e-Nixon Mongameli. Amaphekula angena salon endiza futhi afunwa kubashayeli bezindiza ukuba balandele iWashington. Izikhulu ze-FBI eza ngesikhathi zaqala ukudutshulwa ngesigebengu, ekugcineni ezazidubula. Ngo-2004, kwadedelwa umphenyi we-umpheme "ukubulala umongameli. Izamisa kuRichard Nixon "eqondiswe yi-niels Muller, enikezelwe ezenzakalweni zakuqala ngo-1974. Manje isithombe sokugcina esinikezelwe kungumongameli we-37 ka-US nguMounty 2016 "Elvis noNixon".
Impumelelo
- Ilungu leNdlu Yabamele abavela e-12th ekhethweni eCalifornia - 1947
- ISenator evela eCalifornia - 1950
- 36th Umongameli Wezomongameli Wase-US - 1953
- 37th umongameli wase-US - 1969