Umlando Wemilingiswa
ULev Nikoleyevich uTolstoy uTolstoy uxoxelwe emsebenzini wakhe wabona u-Athanasius Feta ukuthi "impi nokuthula" - "isilinganiso esinamandla". Kepha noma ngabe umbhali omkhulu waseRussia wavezwa malini, indalo yakhe inguhlobo lwakudala nokuhlonishwa emhlabeni wonke: ngisho nabezi zefilimu zakwamanye amazwe ziya ngokuya zimelela umbono wazo ngalesi sihloko.
Lo msebenzi wathandwa abalandeli bezincwadi ukuze umlobi wakhombisa impilo njengoba kunjalo: ubungani nokukhashelwa, uthando nokuvukela umbuso. Ngaphezu kwalokho, umbhali wakwazi ngokucophelela asebenze ngokucophelela abalingiswa, eveza ama-psychotypes abantu. Impela emhlabeni inqwaba ye-anatola kuragin eningi, ehlasela impilo yamantombazane ashadile futhi ayihlukanise izinhliziyo zawo.
Umlando wendalo
Ibhubesi uNikoleyevich Tolstoy Naughty kwancengelwa ingqikithi yempi yango-1812, ngoba bekungukushaqeka okukhulu hhayi kombuso, kodwa futhi nakubantu bonke baseRussia. Njengokuchazwa kahle i-Borodino Fight, abadali be-kinocartine (lapho amasosha anesibindi egxuma egibele amahhashi ngokumelene nomfula umfula, inkungu kanye ne-ice lake), impi kanye ne-ice lake), impi ihlala i-Ice Lake), izinhlungu, ukufa nezinye izinyembezi.
Ngakho-ke, umbhali waqala ukubheka njengesikhathi esinzima ukukhombisa ukuthi umlingiswa womuntu ushintsha kanjani ngemuva kwezehlakalo ezizayo nezedlule. I-bulky roman-epic akuyona nje i-nontrivial pot ekhuluma ngothando lukaNatasha Rostova no-Andrei Bolkonsky. Umbhali waletha umcabango wefilosofi endalweni yakhe.
Umqondo womsebenzi wavuka eLeo Nikolayevich hhayi ngokushesha. Ekuqaleni, wayefuna ukutshela abafundi ngeqhawe-decembristian, eyaphoqeleka ukuthi ibuyele ezweni lakubo ngemuva kwesethenjwa seminyaka engama-30. UTolstoy wayefuna ukuqala indaba yakhe kusukela ngo-1825 ukukhombisa abafundi ukuthi yimuphi umlingisi ophambili wajeziswa. Kepha lapho uLevi Nikolavich wazibuza ngo-1812, wayefuna ukubheka impilo kawona umuntu oyedwa kuphela, kodwa futhi nawo wonke abantu baseRussia bawonke.
Inkosi yepeni yaphefumulelwa umbono. UTolstoy wavakashela endaweni lapho kwenzeka khona impi yeBorodino, futhi futhi yathembela emisebenzini yososayensi kanye nezikhumbuzo zabantu besikhathi bezenzakalo ezichaziwe. Umlobi wasebenza phezu kwenoveli kusukela ngo-1863 kuya ku-1869 futhi wakwazi ukukhomba izinhlamvu ezingaphezu kuka-550. Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi abafundi bakhumbula futhi antiherov, ngokwesibonelo, i-anatoly Kuragin nodadewabo uHelen, osulungele ukwenza lutho ngenxa yenzuzo yomuntu siqu.
I-Biograge
I-Anatole Kuragin idlala indima enkulu kulo msebenzi, ngoba ngenxa ye-charm yakhe yokuthakatha, uNatasha Rostov wangena ebudlelwaneni bothando futhi wathumela incwadi ye-Andrei Bolkonsky ngenqaba. Kepha akunandaba ukuthi ukuheha ukubukeka kwezingelosi kule nsizwa, umbhali ochazwa njengemude futhi emnyama ebukeka kahle, kungcono ukungakhuphuki emphefumulweni wakhe. UNatasha ukhokhelwe ukuthanda kwakhe ngalezi zintokazi.
Kuyaziwa ukuthi u-Anatol wazalelwa emndenini wePrince Vasily Kuragin futhi wakhulela ngeHehlin noMfoweth 'ippolit. Ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni kwaleli qhawe, singahlulela ngokuphephile ukuthi akazange athole imfundo efanelekile. Lo mfo wawunomlingiswa onobugovu nobugovu, futhi waphinde waphupha ngokuphila, ubumnandi emphakathini wezwe. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngokwemibandela yezengqondo, i-anatole ayicabangi lutho kubo.
Esizeni, uRuddy wahlwitha umxhwele nguNatasha Rostova, owaphendula ngensizwa ebuyisela. Futhi lokhu akumangazi, ngoba uBaba ka-Andrei Bolkonsky wamelana nobuhlobo bakhe noNatasha wacela indodana yakhe ukuthi ihlehlise umshado unyaka wonke. Kwaba yisimanga esikhulu entombazaneni eyakhipha imizwa.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, iPrince Andrey yaya ngaphambili, futhi ukwahlukana akwamukeleki eRostova encane, eyabulawa yisizungu. UKuragin, usizakala ngaleli cala, weza ezintabeni ze-bald futhi wadedela uNatasha ngobuhle bakhe.
Mhlawumbe inoveli ye-heroine eyinhloko ne-anatol bekuzoba nokuqhubeka uma kungenjalo ngeqiniso elilodwa: othandekayo wacabula iqiniso lokuthi wayeshade nentombazane yasePoland. Kepha lesi simo asivimbanga uKuragin ukuthi acubungule uhlelo lokuphunyuka ngeRostov phesheya. Ngalobo busuku, lapho uhlelo lwe-anatol kufanele lufezeke, uMary Ahrosimova, owayeneNatasha, etholakele ngokuvuthwa okulandelayo kwentombazane. Ngasikhathi sinye, uRostova waziwa ukuthi isithandwa sinendandatho yomshado, ngakho-ke le ntombazane yazama ukuqeda impilo yokuzibulala nge-arsenic.
U-Anatole Kuragin, owaletha impilo yabantu usizi nobubi, waxoshwa enhlokodolobha eyayala iPierre Petrelov. Lapho-ke umfundi uthola ukuthi iqhawe livakashele impi lapho lalinyazwa khona. Umlenze onqunywe ngemuva kwempi. Kwakunamahemuhemu eMoscow esefa yindoda ethile, kepha ayiqinisekiswanga amaqiniso athembekile.
Okwengeziwe lo mthandi weNtaba enonoveli kaLeo Nikolayevich akakhulunywa.
Umsebenzi nabalingisi
Labo umsebenzi kaLeo Tolstoy ababonakala beyisidina, kufanelekile ukuthi: Le ncwadi yaguqulwa ngabaqondisi abadumile abakwazile ukumangaza izilaleli kanye nezinhlamvu eziphambili ezenziwa yizinkanyezi ezidumile ze-cinema.
Ngenxa yamafilimu ubude obugcwele, le noveli yaqala ukujabulela ukufunwa ezitolo zezincwadi, ngo-2016, izakhamizi zaseGreat Britain zaqala ukuthenga uTom "Impi Nokuthula" ngemuva kokukhululwa kochungechunge olungaziwa. Ifilimu, etshela ngamahlumela eBolkonsky, eRostova, Duzhkov naseKuragin, okuningi. Ngakho-ke, sibheka kuphela ama-Filmmaker owaziwa kakhulu.
"Impi Nokuthula" (1956)
Ummeleli waseMelika we-Cinematic Art King Vidor wamangaza umphakathi, ngoba wayehlose ulwazi lomphefumlo waseRussia. Umqondisi ukhiphe iribhoni ethabeni leTolstoy legama elifanayo, ukubiza in the Cast of Stars edumile, esebenza nezingubo zobungcweti kumasayithi wokudubula e-Italy.
Izindima zithole isikhwama sikaHenry, i-Chalk Ferrer, u-Audrey Hepburn nezinye izinkanyezi, futhi isithombe se-anatol yobuqili besizama ukwenza i-vittorio gassman.
"Impi Nezwe" (1967)
Ifilimu ye-Soviet Chill ayizange ibambe ngemuva kozakwethu beHollywood futhi isuse ifilimu enkulu yesabelomali ngemihlatshelo ebizayo kanye nezingubo ezibizayo. Umqondisi ukhulume uSergey Bondarchuk.
Futhi kufanelekile ukusho ukuthi lesi sithombe, umsebenzi osuthathe iminyaka eyisithupha, wakuthola ukuqashelwa kwezilaleli: waba ngumholi weSoviet Qalisa futhi wawina umklomelo ohlonishwayo "u-Oscar". ULyudmila Savelyv, Vyacheslav Tikhthov, Victor Stalitsan, Oleg Tabakov, u-Edward Martsevich noBoris Zakhava. Isithombe sikaKrabina esifaka uVasily Lanovoy.
"Impi Nezwe" (Ithelevishini Series, 2007)
URobert Dongnollm wase-Austrian wethule umbono wakhe wenoveli yaseRussia, wabhala ngokuphelele isakhiwo. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi amafilimu ama-chill awazange athembele ezithombeni ezenziwe ngumlobi womsebenzi, ngakho-ke abadlali abayethuli ukubukeka kwabalingiswa abaphambili, kepha lolu chungechunge lujabulele izithameli.
Esithungelweni, izintokazi zezinhliziyo ziphinde zamphikisa uKen Duchene, owayesebenza ngesethi eyodwa enezimbongi zeClemence, u-Alessio Boni, u-Dladimir Iliny nabanye abalingisi.
"Impi Nezwe" (Ithelevishini Series, 2016)
Ngo-2016, uchungechunge oluyizingxenye eziyisithupha lwaqala ukusakazwa esiteshini esisodwa se-BBC, esisiza ekwandiseni inoveli phakathi kwabafundi baseBrithani. Kuyafaneleka ukuthi abadali bale midwebo bashintshe indaba yokuqala futhi bazama 'ukuhlukanisa' abadlali, abese bevela ezigcawini zothando.
Iqhaza le-Anatoly Kurabina lenze i-callum Turner. E-Abrilliary Cast, uLily James wangena emuva, kwanikezwa phansi phansi kwakhiwa uJames Norton noJese Buckley.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- ILev Nikoleyevich icubungule inoveli yakhe ingashintshiwe. Umsebenzi wawuzophothulwa ngokubuya kwaNatasha noPierre okuvela kubhekiswe kulokhu, ubuhlakani bezincwadi babungaze bavumele umbono wakhe
- Phakathi kwabaphenyi kungumbono wokuthi empeleni inoveli kaTolstoy yabizwa ngokuthi "Impi kanye Nemi Mir". Ngokusekelwe esipelingi sangaphambi kokuguqulwa, igama lesibili lisho ukuthi "Umhlaba" ngencazelo "yendawo yonke". Ngokusekelwe kulezi zingxabano, abagxeki bemibhalo bahumusha lo msebenzi.
- Lapho amasosha ahlungwa kwifilimu ethi "Impi Nokuthula" (1956), abakhiqizi bamenyelwa enkundleni yempi yabangu-65 abagqoke umfaniswano wamasosha. Ngakho-ke, odokotela bangasiza ngokushesha amaCascader athintekile.