Umlando Wemilingiswa
Umsebenzi weLeo Nikolayevich Tolstoy "Impi Nokuthula" kubangela umbono obili kusuka kubathandi bezincwadi. Abanye bafunda inoveli ebabazekayo ngobumpofu, kanti elinye lingenawo amandla okufunda wonke umsebenzi, ngakho-ke imvamisa le ncwadi ibhamule emashalofini aphezulu ebhukwana. Labo abakwazile ukufunda wonke umsebenzi kusuka ekuqothulweni kuya ekuqothulweni, baqinisekise ukuthi "impi nokuthula" kuphezulu kwezincwadi zaseRussia. Ngemuva kwakho konke, uTolstoy wakwazi ukukhombisa abafundi hhayi nje kuphela ukuphikiswa kwesikhathi esinokuthula nezempi, kodwa futhi nezinhlamvu ezimibalabala ezinazo zombili izici zemvelo ezinhle nezingalungile.
Kungashiwo ukuthi uLev Nikolayevich, njengoNikolai Gogol emphefumulweni "ofile, wembula ama-psychotypes abantu. Kepha uma abanye abaphikisi bebangela inhlonipho futhi bakhulisa uthando lwabalandeli (ngokwesibonelo, uDraco Malfoy waseHarry Potter), khona-ke i-helen uHelen Kuragin cishe akunakwenzeka ukuba abe nabalandeli abathembekile, ngoba ihlanganisa ubuzenzisi, ukuziphatha okubi, ukudideka nokungabi nandaba. Kodwa-ke, kunoma yikuphi, uLev Nikolaevich wethula ama-reals of book izitolo ngalo mlingiswa asondele ngokwanele, ngoba kuphela abantu abahlakaniphile abafunda emaphutheni abanye abantu, noma ngabe kucatshangelwa khona.
Umlando wendalo
I-Lev Nikoleyevich Tolstoy yasebenza ngomsebenzi wayo oyisisekelo kusukela ngo-1863 kuya ku-1869. Ekuqaleni, le noveli kwakufanele ilandise ngoMlolo, ozobuya nomndeni wakhe eMbusweni waseRussia. Kepha lapho umbhali eqala ukucabanga ngencazelo yomlingiswa ophambili, wasihambisa isenzo ngo-1812. Njengoba wazi, kwakuyisikhathi esinzima sobaba, ngoba ngenxa yokucwengwa kuka-Alexander I ukulondolozela ukuvimba kwezwekazi kweNapoleon Bonaparte eRussia, kwaqala impi yokuthanda izwe.
Umlobi waphefumulwa yimicimbi yegazi yeminyaka edlule futhi waze wavakashela edolobhaneni laseBorodino, lapho kwenzeka khona impi enkulu. Ukuze ungafaki futhi ungagcizeleli imicabango yakho ngamaqiniso, ubuhlakani bezincwadi bathembela emisebenzini yezesayensi yezezi-mlando kanye nokuqopha amaMemorists.
Indalo kaSergei neFyodor Glinka, uMikhail Speransky, u-Augusta Marmon nabanye ababhali bawela ezandleni zakhe. Kepha inhloso enkulu kaTolstoy kwakungekhona ukupenda umbango phakathi koMbuso WaseRussia nabasekeli beFrance noma izenzo zabaphathi namasosha. Wayefuna ukukhombisa ukucabanga nokushintsha umuntu osesikhathini sokulahleka nokwehluleka. Izinto ezisetshenziswayo zikwazile ukubhala izinhlamvu ezingama-550, kepha abafundi bakhumbula kuphela abadlali abaphambili: uNatasha Rostov, u-Pierre Plosrelov, u-Andrei noMarwa Bolkonsky, uHelen no-Anatol Kuragin.
I-Biograge
Yize uLevi Nikolayevich ayewathanda ngokucophelela ukuthi achaze ngisho, futhi kungabonakala sengathi imininingwane engabekezeleleki, mayelana ne-biography yaseHelen Kuragin, ijazi elinombala ngokweqile, kukhulunywa ngalo. Yaziwa kuphela ukuthi le ntombazane ayiyona iminyaka engama-25. Kodwa-ke, umfundi angakwazi kalula ukwenza isiphetho esinengqondo ngokusekelwe ekuziphatheni okungafani kwale ntokazi: Abazali bakhe akenzanga imizamo yokunikeza indodakazi yakho.
Lona wesifazane unendlela yokuziphatha engathandeki, akabongisi kahle uthando nenhlala-kahle yomndeni; Konke adingekayo kwabesilisa kuyingcebo yezinto ezibonakalayo. UHeranes Helen akazakhi izinhloso nezindlela zokufeza ingcebo yemali, ngoba akusetshenziswanga ukusebenza, kepha ukuphupha kukhanye kwi-bala.
Ngakho-ke, ubuhle obunamehlo amnyama kanye nombala wezinwele ezi-blond ngaphandle kwe-gang of unembeza usukulungele ukushintsha ama-satellite empilo njengamagilavu; Kuyinto antipode ecacile kaNatasha Roostova, engaqondiswanga yingqondo, kepha ophethe inhliziyo. Kusuka esizeni "sempi nokuthula" Kuyaziwa ukuthi uHelen wathatha isiphakamiso sesandla nezinhliziyo ePierre Zhohovov, efunda izindaba zokuthi le nsizwa yathola ifa kuYise.
BezuKhov, osontekile ngobuhle bukaHelen, wamholela ngaphansi komqhele, kwathi ngemuva kwesikhathi esithile wafunda ngengcebo yakhe enesikhulu uDolokhHov, uSuragin osemthethweni washeshe waphonsa igilavu. Umthandi womngane womshado walimala, kodwa akabulawa.
Ngokulandelayo, le ntombazane ifunda ukuthi "isithandwa" sayo ifuna ukuthuthela edolobheni eNeva. UHelen akadabuki ngalokhu ngoba ulinde eyodwa kuphela - ingxenye yefa. Lapho uKurabina uqobo lwaseSt. Petersburg, wadala isithombe sowesifazane esingesihle, "lowo myeni" onyanyekayo "owaphonswa ngesihe sekusasa.
Anginaso isikhathi sale heloine ukukhohlwa iBezuhov, njengoba ngangena ngokushesha ku-Peripetics ye-Lovey. Uthatha ukuqomisana 'neqembu' lakhe "lakhe". Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho ukubalwa kuvela ukuba seLithuania, kuqala ubudlelwano bezothando nenkosana esencane. Kepha lapho othandekayo wakhe ephenduka abe endaweni eyodwa, uwela esimweni esibi.
Kuyaqapheleka ukuthi iTolstoy ebeka intshisekelo yokushintsha uhlobo lomuntu nokukhula kwakhe, futhi isimilo kufanele sibe nokuphila nganoma iyiphi indlela. Kukhona amaqhawe owabona ukuthi indlela abaziphatha ngayo ayihambelani nemigomo yobulungiswa, ubuhle kanye nobudlelwano. Kodwa-ke, ngeHelen Kuragin Lokhu akwenzeki, yena, njengomunye umuntu owenza isaga "ithumbu elibuyiselwe emuva."
Ukuphuma esimweni esibonakalayo, intombazane kwadingeka ifihle umnyombo wayo ngaphansi komhlatshelo. Intokazi ekhohlisayo yakhuluma neDrubetsky, ukuze athole kahle ubuhlobo nomshado wakhe we-UZami, futhi wathembisa, ukuze athathe ubuKatolika. Ingxoxo efanayo yabanjwa nenkosana encane.
Phakathi kobuhle kwakumi ukukhetha kwamadoda amabili avelele, kepha abafiselekayo azange bagcwaliswe, ngoba ngo-1812 isifo sahlula lesi sifo. UKuragin, owayengajwayele ukwethemba umuthi waseRussia, waphendukela e-Italiya uDkt., Owabhala phansi i-heroine "ngokuyisimangaliso".
"Wonke umuntu wayaziwa kakhulu ukuthi ukugula kokubala okumnandi kwenzeka kusuka ekuphazamiseni ukushada ngasikhathi sinye amadoda amabili, nokuthi ukwelashwa kweNtaliyane kwakuwukuqeda lokhu kuphazamiseka," kusho uLev Nikolayevich.Yize lokhu kungashiwonga inoveli, abanye abacwaningi bacabanga ukuthi ukubalwa kwakufuna ukukhipha isisu. Abanye ababeka phambili izinguqulo ezimbili ezisemthethweni zembangela yokufa kweKuragina abavumelani nokuqagela kokuphazamiseka kokukhulelwa. Ngakho-ke, umbuzo, okuvela kulo uHelen Kuragin, angaphendulwa kanjena: noma kusuka ku-overdose yokwelapha ebhalwe ngu-Italiya, noma ekuhlaselweni okungalindelekile kwe-angina.
Umlingisi kanye nabalingisi
Umlobi wayeyindalo yakhe ngokungabaza futhi wabhala ngandlela thile uzakwabo kwi-workshop athanasia fetu encwadini:
"Ngijabule kakhulu ... ukuthi yini okufanele ubhale uhlobo oluminyene" lwempi "angisoze ngaba ngaphezulu."Kepha uLevi Nikolayevich wayezokwazi ukuthi inoveli "Impi nezwe" kuzosebenza njengento esetshenziselwa ukuzivumelanisa nezimo zefilimu hhayi kuphela eRussia, kodwa naseHollywood. Ifilimu ngokususelwa kunkatho yama-epic, sizobheka imisebenzi eyaziwayo.
"Impi Nokuthula" (1956)
Ngo-1956, "ifektri yamaphupho" yajabulisa i-cinema evumayo yegama elifanayo lenoveli kaTolstoy, futhi umenzi wamafilimu akakhulumi nenkosi uVidor, owazama ukuqonda umphefumulo waseRussia.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isithombe asihluke kakhulu embhalweni wesandla wokuqala, kepha sibhekisisa ngokwengeziwe ngokwethembeka nokuvukela umbuso, kanye nokuhlangenwe nakho komuntu siqu kwabalingiswa abaphambili. Iqhaza le-curagin lathola umlingisi, uMarianne Ekberg, ohlukanise ifilimu kusuka kuHenry Foundation, Chalk Ferrer, Audrey Hepburn, Vittorio Gassman nabanye abalingisi.
"Impi Nezwe" (1967)
Umqondisi uSergey Bondarchuk ubuye waba nomthelela ohlwini lwemidwebo yobude obugcwele bombono wakhe we- "War kanye neMira", futhi i-cinemaman yasusa isithombe esikhulu kunazo zonke emlandweni we-USSR, ijabule kakhulu ngokudubula komsebenzisi Futhi indawo ebizayo.
Sebenzela le filimu kwathatha iminyaka eyisithupha, futhi ngemuva kokufinyelela isithombe saba ngumholi wokuqasha iSoviet. Isithombe sikaHelen sazama umlingisi u-Irina Skobseva. Ezinye izindima zenze uLyudmila Savelyv, vyacheslav Tizhonov nezinye izinkanyezi ze-cinema.
"Impi Nezwe" (Ithelevishini Series, 2007)
Umqondisi wase-Austrian uRobert Dornongm wethule izilaleli ukuhunyushwa kwenoveli edumile ngokushintsha isakhiwo.
Ngaphezu kwalokho, abadali befilimu evinjezelwe ama-multi basuka kude neCanon, neqhaza labalingisi, ukubukeka kwalo okungahambelani nencazelo yezinhlamvu eziphambili. Isibonelo, uBlonde Kuragin udlale uChenhanta ngokuhlekisa ngokuhlekisa.
"Impi Nezwe" (Ithelevishini Series, 2016)
Ebusika, 2016 esiteshini esisodwa se-BBC, ukuguqulwa kwenoveli ye-toolstoy kwifomethi ye-mini-sex kwaqala ukusakaza.
Ikakhulukazi uzungu lujikeleza ebudlelwaneni obuphakathi kwabalingiswa abaphambili. I-middleton i-Midlens Midleton yaphinde yaphinde yavukezelelwa e-antierohoine yokuziphatha okubi, futhi phansi kwadlalwa nguPaul Dano, uJames Norton, uJesse Buckley noLily James.
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Uchungechunge LaseBrithani "Impi Nokuthula" kwasiza ekwandiseni umsebenzi waseRussia wavela kubafundi bakwamanye amazwe. Ngokusho kwencwadi ethi "The Guardian", izakhamizi zaseLondon namanye amadolobha baqala ukuthenga izincwadi eziphrintiwe ze- "War and Mira". Kwaphela isonto lonke, izitoko zezincwadi zithengiwe cishe amakhophi angama-3 500 amavolumu asekuqaleni.
- Akumangazi ukuthi ngemuva kochungechunge lwango-2016, umsebenzi kaTolstoy waqala ukufunwa. Ngemuva kwakho konke, isibukeli asikhombisi ukujula kwefilosofi komcabango kanye nokushintsha kwamaqhawe, kepha uzungu lobudlelwano bothando.
- Ngaphezu kwalokho, uMqondisi uTom Harper uzame ukuguqula abadlali; Kuhle ukukhumbula indawo yesehlakalo, lapho u-Andrei bolkonsky egeza kanye neBattalion. I-cinemaer ibuye yashintsha umlingiswa kaHelen Kuragin, okungabukeki njengommeleli womphakathi ophakeme, womela imali, kodwa njenge-nymphomanka ephonswa entanyeni yabantu.
- ULev Nikolaevich uchaze uthando lwe-Platonic of Helen ne-Anatol, kepha umkhiqizi wochungechunge lwaseBrithani u-Andrew Davis wazama ukubeka la maqhawe embhedeni owodwa. Empeleni, uMdali angashiwo: Umbuthano omncane wabaphenyi ukholelwa ukuthi umlobi empeleni wawubhala ebudlelwaneni obuseduze phakathi komfowabo nodadewabo.