I-Biograge
U-Anna John - I-Russian Empress evela kwiRomanov Dynasty, uPeter Miaere, owayesesihlalweni sobukhosi kusukela ngo-1730 kuya ku-1740. U-Ana wazalwa ngoFebhuwari 7, 1693 emndenini wasebukhosini egumbini lesiphambano lesigodlo se-Talman Kremlin yaseMoscow.
Bazali bentombazane - I-Tsar Ivan v neNdlovukazi Praskovya Fedorovna - bakhulisa amadodakazi amabili amanye: Umdala uCatherine noMncane Praskov. Kusukela esemncane, u-Ana, kanye nodade, wafunda idiploma yaseRussia, izibalo, i-geography, umdanso, isiJalimane nesiFulentshi. Othisha Tsareven kwakunguJohann Christian Diedrich Osterman (umfowethu u-Andrei Osterman), uStephen Ramburg.
Ngo-1696, u-Ivan Aleksevich wafa, indlovukazi engumfelokazi kanye nezingane zaphoqeleka ukuba zishiye amakamelo ka-Kremlin futhi zithuthele endaweni yokuhlala yezwe laseZemailovo, okwakuyi-manor eyakhiwe ngesitayela sesekethe. Izingadi zezithelo zaphulwa emnothweni wezesigodlo, amachibi amaningi, kwakhiwa insimu ebusika. Eshashalazini njalo kwanelisa ukusebenza, abaculi banikeze amakhonsathi yomculo weSymphonic.
Ngo-1708, umndeni wakwaMfowethu oshonile uPeter ngithuthela eSt. Umhlangano onesizotha wafika enhlokodolobha entsha ndawonye no-Alexei Petrovich, noTsarevna Feodosia, uMaria noNatalia neNdlovukazi engumfelokazi uMartha Matendevna. Ngokuhlonipha izihlobo zombusi, kwahlelwa idili elikhulu ngevolashini ye-cannal nolwandle ukuhamba nge-Finnish Bay. UPraskovya Fedorovna wazinza namadodakazi esigodlweni eduze nendawo lapho i-Smolol manje imele khona. Ngokushesha abaseSweden baqala ukuhlukunyezwa enhlokodolobha yasenyakatho, futhi izihlobo kwadingeka zibuyele eMoscow.
Amabutho kaPhetro awakwazanga ukuthatha phezulu empini esenyakatho. Kudingeka uMbusi waseRussia ukusekela ababusi basePressian nabakwaKurland. I-Kurland ngesikhathi sempi ibibhekene nengcindezi yezepolitiki yeCommonwealth, eyayiselungeni lomkhosi. Ngo-1709, uPhetro wakwazi ukubuyela emuva inkambo yokwenza okuthile, amabutho aseRussia ahlala eKurland. Izingxoxo zezombusazwe zenzeka nenkosi yasePrussia nguFriedrich Wilhelm I, lapho kwanqunywa khona ama-Dynasties amabili ukuba azale.
NjengoMlobokazi, umshana waseRussia wakhethwa, umshana kaPeter Ana, umkhwenyana - umshana weNkosi yePrussian Duke Kurlyandan Friedrich Wilhelm. Ngemuva kwezinyanga ezimbili zokushada, oshade naye osemusha wabulawa umkhuhlane osendleleni eya kuKurlyndia. UPitrosi wenqabela u-Ana ukuba abuyele ezweni lakubo. UTsarevna wafika eMitava, lapho abamba khona isikhundla sokuba ngumfelokazi ongumfelokazi weminyaka engama-20. UMgcinimafa weDuke waqedwa yinto enobusolo ebabazekayo, ngakho-ke u-Ana kwakufanele abe nobukhona obuthile. UDuchess wabhala kaningi uPeter Mina, bese umfelokazi wakhe ngezicelo zosizo lwezinto ezibonakalayo.
Ukuqala kwebhodi
Ngo-1730, kushona uMbusi uPeter II, futhi kwaba nesidingo sokukhetha umbusi omusha. Emhlanganweni woMkhandlu Wesimfihlo, kwasungulwa ama-ukhetho lesithathu esihlalweni sobukhosi saseRussia: ILopkhin, namadodakazi amathathu kaTsar John aleksevich.
Izikhulu uDmitry Golitsyn noVelly Dolgorukov abanikezwa ukumema u-Anna Ivanovna, okuyiminyaka engamashumi amabili ezazisezimweni ezinsundu futhi angaya kwizivumelwano ezidingekayo ze-aristocracy. UMkhandlu Wemfihlo uxhase ukukhetha, futhi amaDuchess athumele incwadi enohlu "lwezimo" - Izimo zinciphisa amandla auutical ancoma uMkhandlu Oyimfihlo.
U-Ana wasayina idokhumenti eMitava Januwari 25 (Ngaphansi kobuciko.), Ngokusho kwawo waphoqeleka ukuba anakekele ukusatshalaliswa kwe-Orthodoxy eRussia, hhayi ukuthi ashade, hhayi ukwenza izenzo eziningi zenqubomgomo zakwamanye amazwe ngaphandle kwemvume yoMkhandlu Wezwe, Ukungashintshi uhlelo lwentela, hhayi ukwabela owemukelayo. NgoFebhuwari 15, u-Anna Johnna wafika eMoscow, lapho kungenjalo ngesonto, izikhulu zezempi kanye nezikhulu zabantu abaphakeme zifunga.
Kepha ngoFebhuwari 25, abaphikisi boMkhandlu Wesimfihlo - u-Andrei Osterman, uGabriel Golovkin, u-Archbishop Feofan (Prokopovich), u-Antiha Chagereinsky, u-Ivan Trubetsky, u-Ivan Trubetskoy - wethula isicelo se-Tsarice ngokubuyiselwa kwe-Abourtutis. U-Anna Ioannovna, ngemuva kokuzwa lesi sicelo, wonakalise "izimo", futhi ngezinsuku ezintathu isifungo esisha sohulumeni ozimisiwe wenzeka, kwathi lapho kungu-Ephreli - umshado ka-Ana waya eMbusweni. UMkhandlu oyimfihlo waqedwa ngenxa yeSenate Ebusayo.
Ezombusazwe zasekhaya
Ngesikhathi sokubusa kuka-Anna, okulinganiselwa - uChancellor Andrei Osterman kanye no-Ernst Osterman othandekayo, owathola ukuthandwa ukudansa ku-Duchy eKurland, kwezombusazwe zangaphandle. Ibutho laliholwa yiFeldMarshal yemvelaphi yaseJalimane Christopher mini. U-Ana akazange afune abantu baseRussia, bancamela ukuzungeza ngabokufika. Isikhathi sokubusa kuka-Anna Ioannanvna ophila ngesikhathi "bi-level", ngoba intandokazi ye-Empress yayinamathuba angenamkhawulo.
Kusukela ngo-1730, umgcinimafa usuqale ukukhishwa kwemali ngesithombe se-Empress entsha. Ngo-1731, isakhiwo esibusayo sadalwa - iKhabhinethi Labafundisi, kanye nemibuthano yamasosha amasha amabili - izbangksky kanye ne-equestrian, ifakwe ngabezinye izifundazwe. Ngawo lowo nyaka, kwaqhamuka icala le-LandloGgy Cadet ukuqeqeshwa kwezindlalifa ezinhle, amaholo aphathisiwe anda ngonyaka kamuva. Isikole savulwa ukulungiselela izikhulu kanye neminye eyeminyene, kubandakanya ne-Academy. Ukuqiniswa kwe-Orthodoxy kwafaka isandla ekwethulweni komthetho esijewulo sentambo yokuhlambalaza.
Engxenyeni yesibili yeminyaka yo-1930, kwamenyezelwa isisebenzi seserfdodom ngokusemthethweni, abasebenzi befekthri kwathiwa bayimpahla yabanikazi bamabhizinisi. Ngemuva kokwethulwa kwezinyathelo zokuqinisa, kube nokwanda kwemboni, futhi iRussia yasheshe yaqala emhlabeni ukuze kukhishwe insimbi ye-cast. Abahlanganyeli ekuhlanganisweni kwezidingo zokuqala ze-Empress zaboshwa futhi badingiselwa emajele noma izixhumanisi. Ngamafutho, phakathi kwabafundisi, uzungu ngokumelene no-Anna John, owambulwa, futhi abahleli kanye nabahlanganyeli be-artemy volynsky, umdwebi wehhovisi le-Admiraly u-Andrei Khrushchev - wabulawa.
U-Anna Ioannovna uqobo wayengahlukaniswa ngethalente lokuphathwa kombuso. I-Tsaritsa yachitha iningi lesikhathi sombusi, ukudalwa kwama-masquerads, amabhola nokuzingela. Egcekeni le-Empress eliqukethe ama-Dwarfs ayikhulu neziqhwaga, ama-jeres kanye namahlaya. Emlandweni walesosikhathi, kwaqoshwa umshado ohlekisayo, egcekeni lendlovukazi phakathi kwenkosana, uMikhail Golitsyn-Komasnik kanye nomdabu waseKaltykia, avdota bujiinin. U-Anna Ioannovna wafaka ubuciko bezemidlalo. Ngesikhathi seBhodi yayo, imfashini ye-opera yase-Italy yaqala eRussia, ithiyetha leshashalazi lakhiwa izihlalo eziyi-1000, kwavulwa isikole sokuqala se-ballet.
Inqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe
U-A. Osterman wazenzela ezenzakalweni zenqubomgomo yakwamanye amazwe, okuthi ngo-1726 esezitholile isivumelwano sokuthula ne-Austria. Ngenxa yokunqoba kukaRussia engcupheni yezempi neFrance yefa lasePoland, ngo-1934 iKosi Agasti i-III yakhiwa eWarsaw esihlalweni sobukhosi. Impi yeminyaka emine neTurkey yaphela ngo-1739 ezimeni ezingathandeki eRussia esayiniwe eBelgrade.Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngo-1710, u-Ana washada noDuke waseKurlyandia Friedrich Wilhelm. Ngokuhlonipha umshado, uPeter ngahlela umkhosi ohlala izinyanga ezingaphezu kwezingu-2. Ngesikhathi seziqongo ukuze wazi ukudla newayini. Ngaphambi kokuhamba ekhaya, i-duke Zalenor, kepha ayizange inikeze izindinganiso zokwesaba. Ukushiya iqembu labasebenzi, uWilhelm washona ngosuku lokuqala lohambo. Ngaphandle kwethuba lokubuyela kumdabu, u-Anna Johnna waphoqeleka ukuba ahlale eKurland.
Abaphathi bezinto banezomthetho kumfelokazi osemusha, futhi okuwukuphela komngane, bese kuba intandokazi yaba yisakhamuzi saseRussia sasePeter Mikhailovich Besuzhev-Ryumin. Ngo-1926, u-Anna wayehlose ukushada ukubala uMoritz Saxon, kodwa umshado wacasuka ngePrince Alexander Menshikov, owazihlelela ukuba nguMuke waseKurlendia.
Ngo-1727, isikhulu sasisuswa eRussia, kwathi u-Erst Johann Biron waba yintandokazi entsha ka-Ana. Kucatshangwa ukuthi i-Empress yesikhathi esizayo yaseRussia yazala iBron yeNdodana. U-Anna Ioannova wathatha intandokazi yakhe kamuva eRussia futhi wenza umhlahlandlela wabakhomba.
Ukushona
Empress u-Anna Ioannovna washona ngo-Okthoba 17 (Ngaphansi kobuciko.) 1740 eSt. Petersburg. Imbangela yokufa kweNdlovukazi kwakuyisifo se-renal. Ithuna likaTsaritsa lisePeter nasePaul Cathedral. ETestamenteni, ukuqashwa kwe-PreScroll, i-Empress yaveza inzalo yomdabu udadewabo kaDalio Catherine Mecklenburg.Ukukhumbula
Imicimbi yekhulu le-XVIII alithakazelisa hhayi izazi-mlando kuphela, kodwa nakuma-cinematographiers. Hhayi kanye, i-biography yokuphuma u-Empress Ana yaba yisisekelo sesakhiwo semibhalo engokomlando noma yamafilimu. Kuma-80s, kumafilimu athi "i-ballad eBering kanye nabangane bakhe", "Demidov", "uMikhail Lomonosov" Indima ka-Anna John John's, uLydia Fedoseeva-Shukshina, Maria Polomama.
Emjikelezweni ovikelekile ama-Multi-Sieled "izimfihlo zePalace Coup. I-Russia, ngekhulu le-XVIII, "eyaya ezikrinini ekuqaleni kuka-2000s, uNina Ruslanov, uTsaritsu Anna, kwathi ngonyaka ka-2008, e-Inna Churikova yenziwa.