I-Biograge
Okuhlonishwayo kakhulu yiNorthodoxy, ummangaliso, umvikeli wezitimela, izihambi, izintandane neziboshwa. Kusukela ngosuku amaholide oNyaka oMusha aqala ngoDisemba. Izipho zikaKhisimusi kulindeleke kuye, ngoba uSanta waba yiPrototype kaSanta Claus noSanta Claus. Ngokusho kwempilo kaSanta, wazalwa ngo-270 edolobheni laseLycian ama-Patars, ngesikhathi sekoloni lamaGreek. Namuhla yindawo yezifundazwe zaseTurkey zase-Antalya naseMugla, kanye nendawo yokubhalwa kwendawo ibizwa ngokuthi yindawo yomuzi waseGelevish.
Ezithombeni zokuphila uNikolai, umsizi wesimangaliso uthi abazali bakhe bangamaKhristu acebile anikeze indodana yehhovisi lekhulu le-III. Umndeni kaNikolai Mirlijsky (elinye igama losanta) wayengumuntu okholwayo, umalume - umbhishobhi - uPatari - waphawula inkolo yomshana wayibeka ngomfundi ezinsizakalweni zomphakathi.
U-Nicholas osemusha wachitha esigodlweni sezindela, kwathi ebusuku enikelwe esifundweni semiBhalo Engcwele nemikhuleko. Umfana wahlukaniswa ngokuphendula okumangazayo futhi waqala wabona ukuthi uzonikezela impilo enkonzweni kuJesu Kristu. Umalume, ukubona ukukhuthala komshana wakwaNefi, kwathatha osemusha kubasizi. Ngokushesha uNikolai wathola iSan ebupristi, umbhishobhi wamnika ukuba afundise amakholwa eMijan.
Umpristi osemusha, esephikisana nesibusiso sowesifazane - umbhishobhi, waya ezweni elingcwele. Esendleleni eya eJerusalema, uNikolai wayengumbono: uDeveli, owafika emkhunjini. Umpristi wabikezela isivunguvungu nokuphahlazeka komkhumbi. Ngokwesicelo se-Crew yomkhumbi uNikolai, ummangaliso wawunikezwe ulwandle. Ukuvuka eKalvari, kukhuphule ukubonga uMsindisi.
Ohambweni lokuhambahamba, bedlula izindawo ezingcwele ezingcwele, benyukela e-Zion Mountain. Ubuningi beNkosi baphenduka iminyango evuvukile ivaliwe ngobusuku bethempeli. Ngiyabonga, uNikolai wanquma ukuthatha umhlalaphansi ehlane, kepha izwi elivela ezulwini lamisa umpristi osemusha, amaWelers abuyele ekhaya.
ELycia Nikolai wangenela ubuzalwane beSt. Sion ukugcina impilo ethule. Kepha wayengoPhezukonke ngunina kaNkulunkulu futhi wethule iVangeli no-Omophore. Ngokwenganekwane, ababhishobhi baseLycian babeyisibonakaliso, okwathi ngemuva kwalokho banquma ukwenza umbhishobhi we-Mijanin Nicholas osemusha waseMijanin Nicholas womhlaba (idolobha laseLycian Confederation). Izazi-mlando kanye nososayensi bezenkolo bathi ngekhulu le-IV, isikhathi sokuqokwa kungenzeka.
Ngemuva kokushona kwabazali, uNikolai wangena emazweni amafa futhi wasakaza ukuceba kuye. UMnyango Wezwe Ombhishobhi Wezwe laseLitici wawela ezikhathini ezinzima zoshushiso. Amakhosi aseRoma uDiocletian kanye noMaximia baxosha amaKristu, kodwa ngoMeyi 305, ngemuva kokuvuselelwa kombuso, okwathatha isihlalo sobukhosi, okwase kususwe ukushushiswa engxenyeni esentshonalanga yombuso. EMpumalanga, baqhubeka kuze kube yilapho kuthi abangama-311 nguMbusi WaseRoma uMbusi. Ngemuva kwenkathi yokucindezelwa kobuKristu emhlabeni weLycia, lapho umbhishobhi waseNikolai wayethuthuka ngokushesha. Ubizwa ngokubhujiswa kwama-capits angamaqaba nethempeli lika-Artemis emhlabeni.
Abaphenyi bempilo uNikolai umzekeliso ukhuluma ngezingxoxo zeNkantolo yeCathedral, ayeqhubeka ngayo. I-Greek Metropolitan yeNavpactsky ebhukwini "Treasure" ithi bahlulelwa ngekusasa labasesanta ukuba babambe ama-Aria ngesikhathi saseNicene Cathedral. Kepha abaphenyi bavame ukucubungula ngempama ngempama. Basho ukuthi uNikolai wabiza inhlamba "yokukhubazeka" yokwehlisa isithunzi, okwakuyinto eyaba yiNkantolo yeCathedral. Ukulala, ukunyundela baphendukela kusizo lommangali wesimanga, ngoba kukholakala ukuthi osanta uzosikhulula esiphelweni esidabukisayo.
Izimangaliso
Ukuze uthole usizo eSanta Nicholas, abahambi kanye nabethuli ababengena esivunguvungwini baphathwa. Impilo yasosanta ikhombisa ukutakulwa okuphindaphindiwe kwabahamba ngasolwandle. Ngesikhathi sohambo oluya e-Alexandria, umkhumbi kaNikolai wamboza igagasi lesivunguvungu. Umatilosi wawela e-sling washona. Ummangali uNikolai, wabe esenye insizwa, wavusa ngomufi.
Empilweni kaSanta kusho icala lokutakula udumo lwalo daba abathathu emndenini ompofu, uYise okufanele agweme indlala, avumelanise ukukhokhela isivuno. Amantombazane ayelinde isiphetho esingabonakali, kepha uNikolai ngaphansi kwesembozo sobusuku aphuthunyiswe ezikhwameni zendlu ngegolide, enikezela amantombazane ukuba akhule. Ngokusho kwenganekwane yamaKatolika, izikhwama ezinegolide zawela ezitokisini ezazimiswa phambi kwendawo yomlilo. Kusukela lapho, lesi siko liqhamuke ukushiya izingane "zivela ezipholweni zikaSanta Claus" kumasheya kaKhisimusi anemibala (amasokisi). Ummangali we-Nikolai Mitrit waseLimpingle futhi uvikela abangenacala abangenacala. Imikhuleko ebhekiswe kuye iqedwa ekufeni okungazelelwe. Ukukhulekelwa kososengcwele kwakunzima ngemuva kokushona kwakhe.
Okunye okushiwo ngesimangaliso, okwenziwe ngummangaliso, uNikolai uhlotshaniswa nokusindiswa kwePrince Novgorod Mstiislav Vladimirovich. Izwe eligulayo lalisho ukuthi ngisindiswe yisithonjana seNgcwele kusuka eKiev Sophia Cathedral. Kepha izimvilo azifikanga eKiev ngenxa yesiphepho ezaphukile emfuleni. Lapho amagagasi enwetshwa, eduze komkhumbi, phezu kwamanzi, izithunywa zaboniswa isithonjana esiyindilinga uNikolai waseNikolai. Isikhulu esigulayo, sithinta ubuso boSanta, babuya.
Amakholwa amaKristu abiza lesi simangaliso Akathist Nicholas Workworker. Banethemba lokuthi lo mthandazo uyakwazi ukuguqula ikusasa lokuba ngcono uma lifunda izinsuku ezingama-40 zilandelana. Amakholwa athi yonke imithandazo yokucela usizo emsebenzini nangempilo yalowo ongcwele. UNicholas usiza amantombazane ukuthi ashade namantombazane ukuthi ashade namantombazane, alambile - asuse izinkinga zansuku zonke. Ukuthandaza emasontweni kubonile ukuthi uNikolai Wombuwula ngaphandle kokulibala uphendula umthandazo oqotho, oshiwo kusithonjana sakhe ngamakhandlela.
Ngemuva kokufa
Usuku ngqo lokufa kweNicholas akwaziwa. Shayela unyaka ka-345. Ngemuva kokushiya umhlaba, elinye umzimba wadabuka futhi waphenduka indawo yokuhamba. Esikhathini sekhulu leminyaka, uBasilica wabonakala ngenhla ithuna likaNicholas, kwathi ngekhulu le-9 kwi-Demure yaseTurkey, eyaziwa ngaphambili njengezwe, yasungulwa yiBandla le-XXI. Kuze kube ngu-1087, izinsalela zokuphumula ongcwele ku-demre. Kepha ngoMeyi, abathengisi abavela e-Italy bathunjwe ama-80% ezinhlamvu, babashiye bagijimela ethuneni. Wadlulisela umcebo owebiwe edolobheni laseBari - inhloko-dolobha yesifunda sase-Italy e-Apulia.
Ngemuva kweminyaka eyisishiyagalolunye, abathengisi baseVenetia bantshontsha izingcezu zikaNicholas ezaqhubeka e-demera, futhi zabathutha zaya eVenice. Kulezi zinsuku, ama-65% ama-stencils ase-Bari. Babekwe ngaphansi kwe-altare leBasilica yamaKatolika eSt Nicholas. Okwesihlanu kwenhlangano engcwele kuphumula esiqhingini saseVenetian saseLido, phezu kwesihlalo sobukhosi sethempeli. E-barium basilica ethuneni likaNicholas ummangaliso wenza umgodi. Njalo ngonyaka ngoMeyi 9 (usuku, lapho umkhumbi washukunyiswa ngezithombe, usuku lwedolobha laseBari) olusuka ebhokisini, sithatha umhlaba, okuthiwa yizinto ezifayo.
Ukuhlolwa okubili okwenziwe phakathi nangonyaka we-1990s kwaqinisekisa ukuthi amandla agcinwe emizini emibili yase-Italy ingekamuntu oyedwa. Ama-anthropologists avela eBrithani ngo-2005 akwakhiwe kabusha ekubonakaleni kukaSkew kosanta. Uma ukholelwa ukubukeka okwenziwe kabusha, i-Nikolai Wonderworcworker ibikhuphuka ngamamitha ayi-1.68, inebutho eliphakeme, isikhumba esimnyama, amehlo ansundu kanye nama-chins achazwe kabusha.
Ukukhumbula
Izindaba zokudluliswa kwezingcweli zeNicholas Ummangali osebenza e-Italy wazungeza lonke iYurophu, kodwa ekuqaleni komkhosi wokuhlupheka kwabangcwele baphawulwa kuphela ngezithiyo. AmaGrikhi, kanye namaKristu aseMpumalanga naseNtshonalanga, amukela izindaba ngokudluliselwa kwezinsalela ngokudabukisa. ERussia, inhlonipho yaseSt. Nicholas yasakazeka ngekhulu le-X. Ngemuva kwe-1087 (ngokweminye imininingwane, i-1091), iSonto lama-Orthodox lasungulwa u-9 (ngokusho kwekhalenda likaJulian 22) Meyi Day Celations of the ukuhambisana nezinkinga zezincane zomhlaba waseNichola.
Futhi, njengaseRussia, iholide ligujwa yi-Orthodox Bulgaria naseSerbia. AmaKatolika (ngaphandle kwazo) awagujwa ngoMeyi 9. I-Russian Orthodox Ibiza izinsuku ezintathu zamaholide anikezelwe kuNikolai Wonderworker. NgoDisemba 19 - Usuku lwakhe lokufa, ngoMeyi 22 - Ukufika kwabangcwele babangcwele eBari naku-Agasti 11 - Ukuzalwa kosanta. Emasontweni ama-Orthodox, ummangaliso uNicholas nicholas uyagunda noChants njalo ngoLwesine.
Iqembu lesibili lamaholide ahambisana nenkumbulo yeRussia ehlonishwayo kakhulu eRussia eRussia ihlotshaniswa nezimpawu eziyisimangaliso nobuso bayo. NgoMashi 1, 2009, ithempeli lika-1913 kanti inzalamizi yezinzalamizi yadluliselwa eBari kuya eSontweni LaseRussia Orthodox. Izihluthulelo ezivela kubo zithole uMongameli waseRussia uDmitry Medvedev.
ERussia, inani lezithonjana ezibhaliwe futhi lakha amasonto eNicholas ummangali owesibili ngemuva kwentombi. Ngaphambi kokuqala kwekhulu lamashumi amabili, igama likaNikolai lalingenye yezinto ezithandwa kakhulu ezweni. Emakhulwini eminyaka ye-XIX-XX, ummangaliso wahlonishwa ukuze lo mbono utholakale ngokungena kweSt Nicholas kuZiqu-zintathu Ongcwele. Ngokwezinkolelo zeSlavic (inganekwane yeBelarusian Posesia iyagcinwa), uNikolay uzoshintsha uNkulunkulu esihlalweni sobukhosi njenge "Mdala" evela kosanta.
I-Western and Eastern Slavs Thila i-Nicholas ilungelo lokuthola izihluthulelo ezivela esibhakabhakeni kanye nomsebenzi "wokuwela" wokugeza emhlabathini wabanye. Ama-Southern Slavs abizwa ngokuthi yi-Saint "Head yePharadesi", "Wolf Shepherd" no "Finyele Snake". Bathi, uNikolay Railway ngumvikeli wezolimo nokufuya izinyo.
AmaKhristu ama-Orthodox abela isithonjana se-nicholas of ebusika naseNikola. " Lesi sithombe esiku-Icons sihlukile: "Ubusika" Ummangali oboniswe ekhanda lombhishobhi, ikhanda "elibonayo" livuliwe. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi uMbusi Wokubuza uNikolai uhlonishwe nguKalmyki kanye namaBurry, ukuvuma ubuBuddha. I-Kalkykov ibizwa nge- "Mikola-Burkhan". Ushayisa abadobi futhi uthathwa njengomnikazi woLwandle lweCaspian. AmaBuryat akhomba uNicholas nendoda endala emhlophe - uNkulunkulu wokuphila isikhathi eside.
UNikolai Wonderworker unguSanta uClaus, egameni lawo izingane zinikezwa izipho. Ngaphambi kweNguquko, abangcwele baphendulwa ngoDisemba 6, kepha base behlehlisa umkhosi ngoDisemba 24, ngakho-ke kuhlotshaniswa noKhisimusi ojabulayo. Eminyakeni yekhulu le-XVII iBrithani, uNikolai wayengubaba kaKhisimusi "ongeyena umuntu, kodwa eHolland igama lakhe yi-Sitterklaas, elihunyushwe njengoSanta Nicholas.
ENew York, amaDashi, asungula leli dolobha, alethe lesi siko ukuyogubha uKhisimusi ne-Sinterklaas, owaba ngokushesha watanta claus. Kusuka ku-prototype yebandla kuleli qhawe, igama elisele, kulo lonke isithombe esisebenza ngokuthengisa ngokuphelele. EFrance, umkhulu kaKhisimusi uza ezinganeni, ezinganeni zaseFinland - uJoulupukka, kahle, eRussia nasemazweni aseSpain angemva kweSoviet, uNyaka oMusha awunakwenzeka ngaphandle kukaSanta Claus, othandekayo wawo othandekayo eRussia.
Amandla eRussia
NgoFebhuwari 2016, umhlangano wenzalamizi uKirill noPapa weRoma uFrancis wabanjwa, lapho kwafinyelelwa khona isivumelwano ekudluliseleni ingxenye yezinto ezingcwele zeBari eRussia. NgoMeyi 21, 2017, izindlwana zikaNicholas Wombuthano (Edge Edge) zibekwe emkhunjini futhi zilethwe eSontweni likaKristu likaKristu uMsindisi uMsindisi, lapho zahlangabezana khona nenzalamizi saseRussia. Ufisa ukukhothamisa izingcezu kusuka ngoMeyi 22 kuya kuJulayi 12. NgoMeyi 24, uMongameli waseRussia uVladimir Putin wavakashela ethempelini. NgoJulayi 13, umkhumbi wathunyelwa waya eSt. Petersburg, ku-Alexander Nevsky Lavra. Izingcweli zivuliwe kuze kube nguJulayi 28, 2017.
Ama-Pilgrims weKilometer ahlele eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg ezingcwelisweni zeNicholas of the Wonderworker eMoscow naseSt. Petersburg, yingakho zethula imodi yokufinyelela ekhethekile emathempelini. Abantu babhala amanothi kungcwele, bacela usizo ekuphulukiseni. Abahleli bokufinyelela ezinhlangothini ezingcwele bacelwa ukuthi bangakwenzi lokhu, bekhumbula ukuthi ezinye izinhlobo zezingcweti kwabangcwele zifunda ama-Akatists, imithandazo kanye nezicununa. Izinhlayiya zezingcweli zakwaNicholas Ummangaliso ugcinwa emasontweni amaningi amathempeli doocese aseRussia, ezindlini zezindela zaseMoscow, eSt. Petersburg, Yekaterinburg, Yekaterinburg.