I-Biograge
INdlovukazi uVictoria ngummeleli wokugcina we-Hannover Dynasty, indlovukazi yaseGreat Britain ne-Ireland, i-Empress of India, ebise umbuso ongu-63. Ngosuku lokuzalwa kukaVictoria, i-Hannover Dynasty kwakudinga indlalifa. Kokubili izingane ezisemthethweni zeKing Wilhelm IV zife ubuntwana. Abafowethu abane-asebe-asebe-asebe-sebe-Vilhelm kanye nomzukulu ophilile osemthethweni kaGeorge III Charlotte Lotte bathi isihlalo sobukhosi. Kepha ngo-1817, inkosazana eneminyaka engu-21 yashonelwa izingane ezinganeni zikaGeorge III, kuhlanganise nobaba kaVictoria Eduard, uMbusi waseKent, adale umkhaya ngokuphuthumayo ukuba anwebe uhlobo.
Umfazi we-eduard oneminyaka engamashumi amahlanu waba yiPrincess Princess uVictoria Saxen-Coburg-Zaalfeldskaya, ongowomndeni wasendulo wamaVetops, okuvela emahhovisi e-XI abuswa emngceleni we-Elbe. Ngesikhathi somshado, inkosazana iVictoria yayivele ingumfelokazi, ikhulisa izingane ezimbili, uCharles noFeodoro, kusukela emshadweni wokuqala noPrince Leningen. Esikhathini esithile ngemuva komshado, ama-Duke noDuchess ayebanjelwe eJalimane, kwathi lapho uVictoria ekhulelwa, u-Eduard wathatha lowo oshade naye nezingane zakhe baye eNgilandi. UPrincess Victoria Kent wazalwa ngoMeyi 24, 1819 esigodlweni saseKensington wase-UK Capital.
Ngemuva kwezinyanga eziyi-8, ubaba wentombazane washona evela ku-pneumonia. IPrince Regent yaqokwa njenge-Wilhelm IV engenazingane ngalesi sikhathi. Inkosazana yakhuliswa esigodlweni saseKensington ohlelweni oluqinile lakhiwa amaDuchess aseKent. UVictoria akakaze ahlale yedwa, ahlukanisa igumbi lokulala nonina futhi afundela nsuku zonke ngaphansi kobuholi be-The Gersinal, isiJalimane, isiNgisi, isiFulentshi, umculo nokupenda. Ngokwesicelo sikamama, le ntombazane yenqatshelwe ukukhuluma nabantu ongabazi nokukhala kubantu.
Umndeni wangumfelokazi ngokugcwele encekwini wangaphambili kaDuke waseKent John Konroi, owabusa izindaba zezimali zeDuchess. Ngo-1832, uYuna Victoria, kanye nonina kanye noLayizwa, baqala ukuhamba nsuku zonke begibele izwe ngenhloso yokumazi ngezihloko ezizayo.
Ukuqala kwebhodi
Ngesikhathi sokufa kukaWilhelm IV ngoJuni 20, 1837, uVictoria wahlala eyifafafayili kuphela, ngemuva kwesigameko esibuhlungu, umbhishobhi omkhulu waseCanterbury noKoningham bafungiswa kuqala. Umyalo wokuqala weNdlovukazi osemusha wakujabulela ukuyishiya ihora eyedwa. Ngemuva kwe-coronation, eyayiqhutshelwa eWestminster Abbey phambi kwezihloko eziyizinkulungwane ezingama-400, futhi idluliselwe eBuckingham Palace Victoria Deccoria isuse umama noJohn Konroi kusuka ezindabeni futhi yazixazulula engxenyeni ende yesigodlo.
Ngawo lowo nyaka, uMgcinimafa wethule ukukhululwa kwezinhlamvu zemali ngesithombe sohulumeni omusha. UNdunankulu uNdunankulu uMelborne waba cishe yindlovukazi. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokubusa kukaVictoria, kwaqokwa intela yonyaka, eyayingamaphawundi ayizinkulungwane ezingama-385.
Ngesikhathi uVictoria ejoyina iTron, i-United Kingdom yayiwumkhosi womthethosisekelo wamandla omthetho athuthukile ngesimo sePhalamende kanye neKhabhinethi Labafundisi. Kepha indlovukazi yagcina yaqala ukufaka isandla eMnyangweni Wezwe, yamisa ongqongqoshe futhi ithonye imisebenzi yamaqembu ezepolitiki. Ngo-1842, phakathi nendlala yakhe e-Ireland, uVictoria wanikela ngezimali zomuntu siqu ukusekela ukuzila ukudla, ngemisebenzi engu-1846 kwisinkwa esingenisiwe kwakhanselwa, ngemuva kwalokho ukudla okuvela kufulawa kwaqala ukubiza okushibhile.
Inqubomgomo yangaphakathi nangaphandle
Isikhathi sokubusa kweNdlovukazi uVictoria saphawulwa yi-Bloom embonini yase-UK, amabutho, ezesayensi nezamasiko. Kancane kancane ukunciphisa ithonya lenkosi, indlovukazi ivuse isimo sayo phakathi kwabantu. Ukuba uphawu lwamandla, uVictoria uthole amandla phezu kwezingqondo zezihloko. Uhulumeni wathonya ukwakheka kohlelo lwemfundo yePuritan emphakathini wohlelo lwePuritan lwezemfundo, oluhlonipha umndeni, olududule kakhulu emakhosini adlule, ludume ngokuhlukunyezwa.
Eminyakeni yeNdlovukazi uVictoria, kwaba nomthethonqubo oqinile wokuziphatha kwezakhamizi emphakathini nasezikhawulweni zomshado, okubuye kwaholela ekukhuphukeni kwenani lamantombazane angenayo indoda nezingane. Imithetho Yokuziphatha Yekuthembeka Ekwenqabele abantu bobulili obuhlukile ukuze bahlale bodwa egumbini elilodwa, baphile endlini efanayo ubaba onendodakazi endala umama. Amantombazane amancane awavunyelwe ukukhuluma nabantu ongabazi. Abesifazane bahlupheka futhi bavame ukufa ngenxa yokungakwazi ukwelapha abantu bezokwelapha. Odokotela abakwazanga ukuhlola isiguli ngempela, futhi bacele izingqinamba zakhe ezingezinhle eziphathelene nempilo yakhe.
Noma kunjalo, izakhiwo, imfashini, izincwadi, ukupenda nomculo bekuqhakaza eVictorian Epoch. Ngo-1851, umbukiso wokuqala wezimboni wezimboni ezawubanjelwe eLondon, futhi emnyuziyamu wezobunjiniyela wakamuva kanye nomnyuziyamu wesayensi wadalwa. Lapho uVictoria, ubude bezitimela izitimela bakhuphuke babalelwa kumamayela ayi-14,5. Inani lezakhamizi lidlule inani labahlali basemakhaya kabili. Ingqalasizinda yasemadolobheni ithole ukuthuthukiswa: ukukhanyisa emgwaqweni, indle, ukuhlinzekelwa kwamanzi, imigwaqo eseceleni, ibhuloho kanye ne-metro yokuqala kuye kwavela eMegalopolis. ENgilandi, izincwadi "inhlokodolobha" kaKarl Marx "nemvelaphi yezinhlobo" uCharles Darwin aphuma.
Kusukela ama-50s wenqubomgomo yakwelinye izwe, i-viscount Palmerston, enikeze iBrithani isimo somlamuli womhlaba wokuxazulula izingqinamba eziphikisanayo. Ukunqoba kukaNdunankulu waseNgilandi kuhlanganisa nokuqinisekisa ukuzimela kweBelgium eHolland, umkhawulo wethonya laseRussia emanzini amnyama nawaMedithera, lapho i-United Kingdom yavula indlela emfushane eya eNdiya. Ngemuva kokunqoba eChina engxabanweni ye-Opium, i-United Kingdom ithole ithuba lokuhweba okungenamkhawulo kwe-Opmium emachwebeni amakhulu amahlanu eMorvel Middle. Maphakathi nawo-50s, iNgilandi futhi yabamba iqhaza empini yeCrimean neRussia.
Izwe eliseduzane eliseduzane - i-Ireland iye yazama kaningi ukuhlukana neNgilandi ngemisebenzi yabavukeli, eyaholela ekubekweni kwenani elikhulu lamabutho esiNgisi ensimini yalo. Ngo-1856, amabutho aseBrithani acindezela isiphithiphithi ekoloni laseNdiya, athuthukise umbuso wobusa ePeninsula. Ngo-1876, lapho siphakamisa uNdunankulu waseBenjamin, uDizraeli Queen uVictoria uthole isimo se-Empress of India. UMbuso WaseBrithani waqhubeka nokwanda okunolaka maqondana namazwe ase-Afrika nase-Asia. Ekuqaleni kwama-80s, ukubanjwa kwabaseGibhithe kwenzeka, bese kuba khona sudan.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Ngomyeni wesikhathi esizayo ka-Albert, obekumele abulawe ntombazane emkhuyeni, uVictoria wahlangana ngo-1836. Umhlangano wesibili wenzeka ngo-1839, ngemuva kweVictoria wangena esihlalweni sobukhosi. Inhliziyo yendlovukazi esencane yathutha, intombazane yathandana ngempela. Ayishiywanga nendaba ne-Albert Saxen-Koburg-Gothic. Lo mshado wenzeka ngoFebhuwari 10, 1840 esontweni laseSt James Palace eLondon. Ukuvela emgubhweni ngengubo emhlophe kanye nekusasa elimhlophe, uVictoria waba ngumshayamthetho wemfashini yomshado. Ngaphambi kwalokho, umakoti wayekhethwe izingubo ezibomvu noma ezimnyama imibala.
Kwasungulwa ubuhlobo obufudumele phakathi kwabalingani, okuyiVictoria okukhulunywa ngayo kaningi ngezinhlamvu. INdlovukazi yazibiza ngokujabulisa abesifazane. UPrince Albert naye wajabula ngesikhundla sakhe. Eminyakeni yokuqala yokuBusa, isikhulu - inxusa sahlala ezindabeni, sifeza umsebenzi woNobhala womshado. Kepha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, imisebenzi eminingi, kufaka phakathi ukuxhumana kwamanye amazwe, u-Albert usuthathile.
Ukuthandwa kwezithandani zasebukhosini eHulumeni kwaba nomthelela ekukhululweni kwesipho esinezithombe eziyi-14 nesithombe seVictoria nase-Alberta. Inani lamaqembu ayizinkulungwane ezingama-60 okuqashwa athengiswa, okwakuyimvelaphi yesiko lezithombe ezishadile. Isitsha esiwuthandayo seNdlovukazi iVictoria kwakuyibhisikidi le-vanilla nge-zest zest kanye nama-sitrobheli, kamuva kamuva ngegama lakhe.
Ekupheleni kuka-1840, indodakazi yokuqala yazalelwa emndenini wasebukhosini, ngokwesiko leVictoria. Indlovukazi ene-squemingnishness ingeyesana, ayizange ngithande isimo sokukhulelwa nokuncelisa ibele, kepha lokhu akuzange kuvimbele amadodana amane amane - u-Eduard (1841), u-Alfred (1853), iLeopold (1853) - Futhi amadodakazi amane - u-Alice (1843), u-Elena (1846), uLouise (1848), noBeatrice (1857). Ngokuhamba kwesikhathi, iNdlovukazi yaseNgilandi yakwazi ukuhlela kahle imishado yezingane, ngaleyo ndlela iqinise ukuxhumana phakathi kwamaSulusti abusayo aseYurophu, ngenxa yalokho kwaqala ukubizwa ngokuthi "ugogo waseYurophu".
Ngo-1861, u-Albert wabulawa yi-tyrus yesisu, futhi uVictoria wafakwa ekulileni iminyaka eminingana. Ngemuva kokubuyisa ukulahleka, iNdlovukazi uVictoria yathatha izindaba zikahulumeni waseBrithani omkhulu. Maphakathi nawo-1960s, uMnu. John Brown waba ngumuntu ongummeli, owabangelwa ukuxhumeka neVictoria. Ngemuva kuka-1876, ekuhlonipheni kwesikhumbuzo seminyaka engama-50, uVictoria wabhala izinceku eziningana zivela eNdiya. Indlovukazi yePlenila ye-Exotic Plenila, noHindu u-Abdul Karim waba intandokazi kahulumeni kanye nothisha uqobo, uchwepheshe esikweni leVedic.
Izingane zikaNdlovukazi zihlala ezindabeni zabantu abadala futhi zethula umzukulu weVictoria 42 no-85 okusanhlamvu. Phakathi kwenzalo edumile yeNdlovukazi yeNdlovukazi uVictoria yindlovukazi yaseGreat Britain Elizabeth II, indlovukazi yaseSweden Karl Xvi Gustav, inkosi yaseSpain uJustav Mina neNdlovukazi yaseSpain Sofia. INdlovukazi uVictoria yaba ngumthwali wokuqala ofuywayo ngohlobo lwakhe lwe-hemophilia, eyayidluliselwa emadodakazini u-Alice noBeatrice. Ukusuka eRoyal Adole Demophilic waba yinkosana uLeopold. Lesi sifo sazibonakalisa kuMkhulu kaVictoria - uTsarevich Alexey, indodana elindelwe isikhathi eside kaMbusi waseRussia uNicpolas II kanye nabalingani be-Alexandra Fedorovna, indodakazi kaPrincess Alice.
Ukushona
Maphakathi nawo-1990s, impilo yendlovukazi yaqala ukufiphala. UVictoria wahlupheka nge-rheumatism, eyayibonge kahle. Uhulumeni waqala ukuthuthuka uCatarac ne-aphasia. Maphakathi noJanuwari 1901, uVictoria wazizwa ubulungu futhi kancane.
I-Empress yafa ngoJanuwari 22, 1901 ezandleni zakhe zika-Edward VII noMzukulu, uMbusi, Germany Wilhelma II. Izifundo zikuthatha ngokungathi sína ukufa kwendlovukazi. Ukuhamba kwakhe kwamenza waqinisa ukuphela kwe-epoch, eyayisemlandweni walowo mbuso obizwa ngokuthi "inkathi yegolide".
Ukukhumbula
INdlovukazi uVictoria inikelwe izikhumbuzo eziningi zamasiko. Ngokusekelwe kwi-biography kahulumeni, amafilimu adalwa njalo (uNkk. Brown, "osemusha", "intsha") nochungechunge ("uVictoria no-Albert", "Sherlock Holmes"). UChristopher Hibbert, u-Evelin Anthony, uLitton Strai, imidwebo yobuciko nemisebenzi yomculo enikelwe eVictorian Epoch.
Igama likaVictoria likhona ngamagama ezinto, amadolobha, izifundazwe zombuso. Usuku lokuzalwa lwe-Empress luseyiholide likazwelonke laseCanada. Kusetshenziswe igama leNdlovukazi iVictoria eBotanic, isayensi yezinkanyezi, izakhiwo.