Umlando Wemilingiswa
Akekho umuntu onjalo emhlabeni, ongazi ukuthi ubani i-Mickey Mouse, ngoba leli gundane eliyindida aliveli nje kumafilimu wokuphindaphinda yeDisney, kodwa futhi liwuphawu lwesiko laseMelika ngokuvamile - kanye neSuperman, Coca- UCola noClown Ronald McDonald.
Lo mlingiswa oqanjiwe owawukhipha ngo-1928 wakwazi ukuhambisa emidlalweni yevidiyo ne-cinema, futhi waba yi-Marketing Move: ngisho nezingubo zezingane kukhona amaphrinta nge-Mickey Mouse nentombazane yakhe.
Umlando wendalo
Umlando wokudalwa kwalo mlingisi uhlanganisiwe, ukubukeka kwegundane le-anthropomomorphic lihambisane nokuqanjwa kwezobuchwepheshe mayelana ne-cinema. Ekuqaleni, izikrini zikhanya futhi zaletha injabulo yababukeli ababukeli onogwaja osvald, okuhlukile ngaphandle kwegundane leMickey kuphela ngokuba khona kwezindlebe ezinde kuphela. Lo mlingisi wadalwa ngo-1927 ngu-Illustlitor Abom Aversex nakulobucwebe iso laba yiqhawe lekhathuni elaziwayo.
Ama-Ribbons mayelana nesikhathi eside se-adventure adalwe yiDisney, kepha "izithombe zendawo yonke" iFilm "Ifilimu Studio yenziwa njengomsabalalisi osemthethweni, owayekwazi ukuheha abanye abasebenza kuyo. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ngenxa yenkontileka esayiniwe ngokushesha, amalungelo e-Oswald awakabi "e-Disney", kepha "izithombe zendawo yonke". Ngakho-ke, uWalt Disney, oqonda ukuthi i-Studio yefilimu inganqaba izinsizakalo zayo, yanquma ukudala umlingiswa omusha kusuka ekuqaleni.
Ngokubambisana eWalt Disney kanye nezikhulu ezimbalwa ezithembekile ekusithekeni kwaqala ukusungula igundane eliyinqaba, kuyilapho elinye iqembu labaculi, selisebenza kwiRayisi elisha, lahlanganyela erayisi yoMvundla ka-Oswald. Lesi simo sidlale sicasukile waWalt ukuba anikeze, ngoba waqala ukuhlobana nokuthobela amalungelo obunikazi nokusayina izinkontileka.
Ukungasho ukuthi iqhawe eliyinhloko le-disney, ama-colkers aqhamuka ngokushesha. Abaculi abavumayo bavuma ukuthi ukukhetha bekuphakathi kwexoxo, ikati kanye nembungulu, kepha yonke le mibono yabhujiswa yiWalt empandeni. Kepha uma umnikazi wekhathuni studio athole umlingiswa womlingiswa okhangayo, yize ayenalo amagundane ayengenazo izinkumbulo ezimnandi kakhulu: ekuqaleni kwamashumi amabili eWalt, asebenza ngokoqobo namagundane.
Lo mlingiswa omusha uvele kwizikrini ngoNovemba 18, 1928 kwifilimu yekhathuni yeVilly Villey Cartoon, eyayisakazwa eNew York Cinema. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi iqhawe lokuqala lamakhathuni wezingane labizwa ngokuthi i-Mortimer, kepha oshade naye eDisney wenqabe leli gama, enikezela ukubiza umlingiswa uvumelane negama lesidlaliso elivumelanayo - I-Mickey Mouse.
Ekuqaleni i-Mickey Mouse, eyayixosha ekhathuni "Plane Crazy" ngoMeyi 15, 1928, ayizange ithole impumelelo ezilalelini, ngoba ikhumbuze ezinye izinhlamvu ze-Disney, ezinikezwe amabutho. Ngemuva kwalokho uWalt wacabanga ukuthola umsabalalisi, futhi, ngokungafani nakho konke, wakhuphula ukukhiqizwa kwekhathuni lesithathu. UWalt wabona ukuthi iqhawe elisha lidinga isici esihlukile, limi ngokulwa nesizinda sabanye abalingiswa. Njengoba usuthole lokhu, uDisney wabona ukuthi i-Mickey Mouse ihlonishwe kanjani futhi uthando lwabalaleli.
I-Biograge
Lapho iMickey Mouse yasungulwa nguWalt Disney, akwaziwa, kepha usuku lwakhe olusemthethweni lubhekwa njengoNovemba 18, 1928, usuku lwakhe lukaDebut esikrinini sama-movie. Uthando lwezingane ezincane lwaqala ukuvela kumagilavu amhlophe kuphela ngo-1929, ekupendweni kwendlu ": Kwakungokwezandla zegundane okuqhathaniswa nomzimba wakhe, ngoba amakhathuni okuqala ngeMickey Mouse ayemnyama futhi emhlophe. Lokhu okufakiwe okunemigqa emithathu emnyama ohlangothini lwangemuva (amafolda ayesemagilavu ezingane) aba yisici somuntu ngamunye womlingiswa.
Ngesikhathi sokuba khona kwayo, iqhawe elinomsila kumabhulukwe abomvu likwazile ukuphindaphinda ezithombeni ezahlukahlukene, futhi lithola abangane abathembekile: Guffy, Donald Duck noPluto. Naphezu kweqiniso lokuthi kolunye uchungechunge igundane lithwala intombi yakhe uMinnie, uWalt Disney uthe laba balingiswa bashada ngaphambi kokuba kuvele ikhathuni. Yize kwesinye isikhathi baziphatha sengathi baqala ukujwayelana.
"Ngokuya ngesakhiwo, uMinnie udlala indima ye-akerefree worly noma unkosikazi. Mina, sekuyisikhathi eside sinqume ukuthi sebeshade ngokusemthethweni, "kusho uMdali wekhathuni.Kepha umbhalisi uyaziphikisa, ngoba ethepheni "umdanso webharin", owakhishwa ngoMashi 14, 1929, igundane lihlushwa uthando olungafanele, njengoba uMinnie uthanda yena ku-Pita emnyama. Ababukeli ababonile kulesi sithombe bazama ngeWalt ukuhlukanisa abalandeli beqhawe lekhathuni.
Phakathi kokunye, umlingisi wazama ukuphuma kwengubo yamasosha ekupendweni kwe-Paint "The Barnyard War", lapho alwa khona namakati, futhi avakashela e-Afrika njengesivakashi.
Ikhathuni yombala wokuqala mayelana ne-Mickey Mouse ebizwa nge- "Concert" yaphuma ngo-1935 futhi yathatha indawo ohlwini lwamakhathuni amakhulu amahlanu. Umdwebo owenziwe ngendlela ye-Technory, utshela ngegundane eliphethe i-orchestra. Kepha uDonald Duck, umthengisi we-ayisikhilimu, uneminyaka eminingi udlula abadlulayo ukuthenga okubusayo, ngaleyo ndlela kuphazamise ukugxila kwegundane leMickey.
Ingqikithi kunayo ifilimu emfushane engama-21 nge-Mickey Mouse. Igundane ngokwalo lashintsha ngokuhamba kwesikhathi. Futhi, leli qhawe "libe nenkanyezi" ochungechungeni, ngokwesibonelo, kwi- "Mikkey Mouse Club", "Igundane Indlu" namanye amakhathuni amuvili abahlukahlukene.
UWalt Disney washukumisela ngisho nomthandi wokuhamba omuhle kumamitha agcwele. Ngo-1940, ifilimu "iphupho", eyaba ngumqondo we-Disney onesibindi kakhulu, yasetshenziswa ethepheni umsindo omusha we-stereo "umkhiwane", kanye nalo mlingiswa ophambili owenziwa esithombeni somfundi we-wizard, kukhumbuze ukuthi i-avant-garde.
Ngo-1988, izithombe zeTouchstone ne-Ampblin Ezokuzijabulisa zikhiphe ifilimu "othatha indawo yonogwaja" - ukusebenzisana kwezinhlamvu zekhathuni kanye nabalingisi bangempela. Kulomsebenzi we-cinematic, owathola i-Oscar Premium, okokuqala wahlangana endaweni ethi "indawo eyodwa yokudubula" ye-Mickey Mouse kanye nomunye umlingiswa weKult - I-Bagz BUMNY, BUSTIO STAR "Barner Brothers".
Ukuthandwa kweMickey Mouse kubangelwa yiziza ezithokozisayo: abalandeli babukele ukuthi umlingiswa ophambili ugibela ukudoba kanjani, uhamba ngesitimela noma uya ezweni elingaziwa. Kepha udumo lwakhe lungenxa yokuhamba kwezentengiso kwe-Disney.
Iqiniso ngukuthi abaphathi bekhathuni bathathe isinqumo sokusebenzisa ukunyakaza kokumaketha: inkampani ikhiqize futhi iphoxe izimpahla ngesithombe segundane. URoy Disney waba nguMdali wochungechunge lwezihlakala, lapho igundane leMickey liyamangaza lapho kudayela. Namuhla isengezo esinjalo siseduze kwemali enkulu.
Futhi, "i-Disney" Sebenzisa indlela "ye-Mickey efihlekile", okuwuphawu olufihliwe nge-Maus - imibuthano emithathu efana nekhanda lobuso. Umlingiswa utholakala ngokungaqondile emigodini yeCult Cult: "Mermaid", "uPeter Hele", "Inkosi YaseLeve", amapaki ezingane, i-Disneyland nokunye. Ngaphezu kwalokho, uphawu luzobona kuphela umthandi we-cartoons kakhulu: ku- "Snow White" Amabhamuza wensipho yensipho yakha, futhi iwashi elinomfanekiso weqhawe lalenga odongeni "abatakuli".
Amaqiniso athakazelisayo
- Kuze kube ngu-1947, uWalt Disney ngokwakhe waveza igundane. Kepha njengoba abaphindaphindekayo bebengacabangi ukulahla ugwayi, ukukhwehlela kwakhe okuhlukumezekile. Ngakho-ke, lokhu okuthunyelwe kwamukela abanye abadlali be-dubble. Ekuhunyusheni umlingiswa waseRussia, uVadim Kurikov wavezwa, u-Oleg Izinsky noMaxim Sergeev.
- Bazali begundane igama likaMax noMariya. Unabo odade nabafowethu.
- Lapho ujikisa ikhanda lezindlebe ze-Mickey Morgung uhlala esikhundleni esifanayo. Leyo yisici somkhiqizo.
- $ 2500 - Intengo yamafilimu amabili okuqala mayelana neMickey Mouse.
- Ngokusho kombhalo weMickey Muse 32.
- Igundane lokuqala legama 'linja eshisayo.'
- Ngokusho kwamahemuhemu, e-Italy azange abonise ama-ribbons nge-adventure ye-disney eyinhloko, njengoba izingane ezikhule i-pizza kanye ne-pasta ezweni besaba lo mlingiswa omuhle.
- Ngo-1988, igundane lafika ukubhukuda e-USSR futhi laze ladansa nelitshe le-Olimpiki esikwele esibomvu.
- "Ngubani uMickey Mouse?" - Umbuzo onjalo wasiza amasosha aseMelika ukuba akhombe izinhloli zaseJalimane.
- Abalingisi beDubey abakwaRussi Taylor noWayne Ollvine, owayeke waveza uMinni kanye Mickey, ebudlelwaneni, kodwa akazange amemezele leli qiniso ukuze bahlotshaniswa nezinhlamvu ze-Disney.