I-Biograge
Ummeleli okhanyayo wabafundi bezobuciko bekhulu leminyaka eyi-19--20, uMikhail Vrubel, wayeqiniseka ukuthi ubuhlakani bufana ne-Magic Crystal Guide, okuyinto, ngokuhambisana nezifiso zomuntu siqu kanye nokwelumiswa, noma esihogweni. Ngaphandle kokuphula ama-canonis amukelwa ngokuvamile ezingoma, uMdali wayazi ukuthi angangena kanjani ebusweni buwo wonke amandla akhe okuphola, adwebe isici sezindawo ezijwayelekile zesithombe futhi azimele enkantolo yabathandi be-Painting.Ubuntwana nentsha
UMikhail Alexandrovich Vrubel wazalwa ngoMashi 5, 1856, etholakala ngokuhlanganiswa kwe-IrTysh Rivers ne-Omsk City Omsk. Ubaba we-Artistrial Alexander Mikhailovich - Esikhathini esedlule, isiphathimandla esithe xaxa, ilungu leMpi yaseCrimea nokulwa eCaucasus, ummeli wamasosha. Unina ka-Anna Grigorievna - isihlobo se-Basarginbrist Basargin - wabeletha izingane ezi-4 futhi washona lapho uMichael engazange abe neminyaka emithathu. Ngemuva kweminyaka emibili, uyise washada nopiyano wesibili u-Elizabeth Christian Vessel. Ngenxa yalomphefumulo onomusa, uthando lomuntu wesifazane nokuqonda ngomculo kwasala kulo mculi impilo.
Mayelana nemininingwane yomsebenzi wenhloko yomndeni, ama-vrubels ayevame ukuthuthelwa edolobheni aye edolobheni. Ngo-1865, lo mndeni wathuthela esifundeni saseVolga, lapho uLieutenant Colonel Vrubel amukela khona umyalo we-Garrison wesifundazwe. KwakuseSaratov, uMichael wabona ikhophi leFrescoes leSculcotor yase-Italy kanye nomculi uMichelangelo "Inkantolo eyethukile", yona, wamangala ngayo yonke imininingwane yesimo ngemuva kokubuka.
Ukuthambekela kwendodana yakhe ku-Art yajabula no-Alexander Mikhailovich, kepha azangenza noma yiluphi ushintsho ezinhlelweni zokuthi inhloko yomndeni eyayinayo ngendlalifa. Imisebenzi yobungcweti kaMikhail yanqunyelwa kusengaphambili kusukela ekuzalweni kwakhe kanye. Umfana onesiphiwo onobudlova akazange azizwe ejabule ngamathemba okuba ngummeli, kodwa uBaba akazange afune ukuya.
Ngo-1874, uVrubel wangena kwi-Faculty of Law of St. Petersburg University. Inhlokodolobha yaseNyakatho yenziwa eMikhail Hypnotic: Umnyuziyamu wezakhiwo, lapho yonke indlu, wonke umlando wawunomlando wawo, wathumba insizwa yazo. Ubehlala nezihlobo emgwaqweni wegalari endlini 47, futhi endaweni (endlini engama-53) isigamu sekhulu leminyaka, umprofethi obhaliwe wamiswa ngu-Alexander Sergeevich Pushkich.
Impilo ezimele ngaphandle kohlaka kanye nokwenqatshelwa kwe-mikhail ephefumulelwe ubaba. Le nsizwa yayingenza, ngaphandle kokwesaba ulaka olulungile lweNhloko yomndeni, ihamba sekwedlule isikhathi nabanye abafundi nabangane, bexoxa ngengqikithi yomculo wangempela. Eminyakeni yabafundi, uVrubel wajwayelana neComposer Petrovich Mussorgsky. Lo mculi ovelele ogcwele imicabango yakhe, izinkolelo kanye nezingoma kuze kube sekupheleni komhlaba kaMikhail ngokomoya kuze kube sekupheleni. Ngaphansi komqondo wokuthi uphuke kanjani upiyano, egcwalisa "ama-flea" ngokuphindaphindwa, uMikhail Visimo wethule izithombe zokulwa neMexistofel, okuthi ngokuzayo umculi ahlushwa i-canvas.
Ngaleso sikhathi esifanayo, uVrubel wayekwazi ukuthi iminyaka ebaluleke kakhulu ku-ART, ichitha isiyalo isiyalo. Inkonzo Njengommeli Wezempi nawo wonke amathuba omsebenzi yathathwa ngenxa yokwazi kowesifazane osemusha omncane onothando olungenamkhawulo wokupenda. Umfana wePavlo Petrovich Chistyakova waqala ukuvakashela izinkulumo zikaPavel Petrajakov kummeli wakhe wesikhathi esizayo. NgoJanuwari 1880, uMikhail uthweswe iziqu eyunivesithi, nasekuweni kwabhaliswa ngokusemthethweni e-Academy of ACTS.
Isinqumo seNdodana, esijabhisayo isiko lomndeni futhi sakhetha indlela yakhe yokuphila, sakhungathekiswa u-Alexander Mikhailovich ethukile. Ubudlelwano phakathi kwezihlobo zonakaliswe ngokungenakuphikwa.
Ngo-1882, uMikhail wadumazeka ngendlela evamile yokufundisa, futhi emcabangweni wokuthi othisha bafaka nabafundi abathanda izitembu ezomile kanye nama-schematics wezilwane zasendle, kwasala umkhondo. Ukuba yi-mentor vrubel, uPavel Petrovich wavula abasha ku-Pupil, abazange baziveze. Umsebenzi owabhalwa nguVrubel ngesikhathi sokuqeqeshwa, wathola isimo seZinga lezemfundo futhi kuze kube namuhla agcinwe kwi-Academy Foundation.
Ukupenda
Ukunqoba kokuqala komfundi osebenza kanzima kwakuthola indondo encane yesiliva ukuthola umdwebo wezemfundo "ukuzibandakanya kukaMariya noJosefa". Ukukhanyisa okuSepination kwenze ukuthi kwenzeke ukufeza izifundo ezinhle kakhulu ekudluliseni kokukhanya nesithunzi, ngaleyo ndlela kwakha isimo sengokomoya esihle kakhulu, abantu abakhonjiswe ku-canvase. Isibonakaliso somehluko sanikezwa nomsebenzi "amaRoma aphambanisa", lapho kwakuvezwa khona izindlu ezintanjeni ezincane, zihleka nge-patrician eChurred.
Ekwindla ka-1883, uProfessor Prakhev ekuncomeni kweChistyakov ememe i-vrubel eKiev ukuthi asebenze ngokubuyiselwa kweKirillov Church yekhulu le-XII. Edolobheni, umqhele ngamakhanda amathempeli asendulo, kanye nempilo yokuziphatha e-Mikhail yaqala. NgoNovemba 1884, u-Adrian Viktorovich wathumela umculi ofakazelwe kahle eVenice. Ubuhle bedolobha lase-Italy eliningi kakhulu le-Italy alizange liveze okuvelayo kuMikhail. UVrubel uchithe isikhathi esiningi kuma-cathedrals naseminyuziyamu, edonsa okuhlangenwe nakho kwabaholi abakhulu beRenaissance.
Ngemuva kokuchitha eVenice isigamu sonyaka, ngo-Ephreli 1885, uVrubel wabuyela eKiev futhi engaphansi kohambo adale izithonjana ezine: "St. I-Kirill, "Umama kaNkulunkulu nengane", "St. U-Athanasius "kanye" noMsindisi kaKristu. " UMikhail uxhumeke ndawonye ngemfihlakalo futhi ascetic yokukhishwa kwe-Byzantine ngokuphelela kwezithombe ezibalulekile futhi wagcwalisa izinhlobo eziqandisiwe zabaphostoli abangu-12 ababoniswe kuzo kwi-arch, inyama negazi. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi abantu bomdwebi wabantaso babhala ngekhanda kubantu abajwayelene naye. Phakathi kwezinhlobonhlobo zemisebenzi yokubuyiselwa, ngaphezu 'komoya ongcwele kubaphostoli ", umnyango" weNkosi "eJerusalema" nokuthi "ukulilayo" kwahlukaniswa.
Noma yikuphi okubalulekile futhi okugcwele ngokomoya nomsebenzi eKirillovsky Church, uMikhail wayesondelene nohlaka lwemisebenzi enodonse. Ukufutheka kwakhe kanye nothando lomdwebi bafuna ukuphuma kwamandla wombala oqongelelwe. Ngo-1886, ukukhanya kwabona isithombe esivela emvelweni "intombazane ngemuva kwekhaphethi yasePheresiya" nesithombe "I-Eastern Table Tale". Imisebenzi iphefumula impilo, ibonisa ngokuphelele umlutha we-vrubel kuma-nubel ama-nuances ombala nokudweba kwezingxenye.
Ngo-1887, i-Prakhov yaheha i-vrubel ekudwebeni kwesonto le-vladimir. UMikhail Alexandrovich udale okungenani izinketho eziyisithupha ze- "Tomn Tomtshe" (ezine). Lesi sakhiwo singekho eVangelini futhi asilona isici sokupenda isithonjana se-Orthodox, kepha sitholakala kubuciko beRenaliyana yase-Italy. Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi umsebenzi ozimele weVubel, waqala wambule ngalo kuqala isithombe sedemoni, wenqatshwa. Ngaphezu kwalokho, ama-jewelene apendwe anezinwele adale u-Adrian Viktorovich, kwathi ngo-1889 wasusa umculi emsebenzini.
Ayemukelwa ongqongqoshe besonto, uMikhail unenhlanhla eMoscow. Lesi sithombe esithi "Demoni sihleli", esibonisa ingelosi ewile nomphefumlo womuntu olimele, yaba uphawu lwesikhathi esizayo. Lo msebenzi, uMikhail Alexandrovich wabhubhisa indlela enhle eqandisiwe efrijini elingenakuqhathaniswa, eba yinto yokuhlaselwa nokubalwa.
Esikhathini saseMoscow, uVrubel ubhala ama-PORTRAIT S.I. Mammont kanye K.d. I-ArtySybuSushev, idala amaphaneli wokuhlobisa "iVenice" kanye ne- "Princess of Gleza", futhi futhi ikhombisa le nkondlo uMikhail Lermontov "Demoni", "inhloko yomprofethi", "idemoni elisesangweni lesigodlo" , "Usuku kaTamara noDemoni").
Ukubamba iqhaza kweVrubel emisebenzini yokubukisa 'yomhlaba wobuciko' kanye nemibukiso eminingi yamazwe omhlaba kwaletha udumo lwaseYurophu kumculi. Phakathi kobuciko bakhe obusephelile, umdwebo we- "Tsarevna-Swan", uveza i-pushkin heroine, kanye ne- "lilac", "i-pearl", "i-pantomimimi", "i-santomimimi", "i-seraphim enemibala eyisithupha", "panalka ". Umsebenzi wokugcina we-Master kwakuwumfanekiso we-Poet-Bluery Verlov, okuyi, ngenxa yesifo esiqhubekayo, uMdali akakaze aqedwe.
Impilo yomuntu siqu
Uthando lokuqala olubi lukaVubel kwakungunkosikazi kaPrahova Emilia Lbonavna. Ngokwezingcweti zezimbali, ububuso bakhe aboniswe kulo mbhalo ngemuva kokubuya esitholweni seVenice "Intokazi yethu ngengane". Ukufisa okunonya koshade naye uMikhail wakwazi ukunqoba.
Okulandelayo ukunqwabelana kwenzalo kukhule emshadweni. Kusuka ethembeni lokuqala nelokuphela kwenkosikazi yomculi we-Ivanovna, ngethula umngane we-Moscow Savva Mamontov. Ngesikhathi sokuqomisana umculi babazi kuphela umbuthano omncane wabathandi bokupenda, futhi ithemba lalivele liyi-opera eyimfihlo yaseRussia. Umculi onezwi lakhe noBeaud uphefumulelwe uVrubel ukuthi abhale "uGenel noGretel", lapho abonise khona ithemba nomngane wakhe uTatyana Lybatovich.
Kuyaphawuleka ukuthi isivumelwano se-enklady saphetha phakathi komculi kanye neNkosi, okwakushiwo ukuthi uma umsebenzi uphumelela, uNadia ngaphandle kwesifuba angashada uMikhail. Umsebenzi wawungenzeka. Umkhosi We-Wedding wenzeka eGeneva. Unkosikazi uVrubel wakhuleka ngokoqobo. Umshado wawubonakala kuye isiphetho esijabulisayo seminyaka eminingi yokuzulazula ngokufuna yena. Ngaphezu komphefumulo osunguliwe, uMdali wathola ukuzethemba esikhathini esizayo. NgoSeptemba 1901, uMikhail nePhemba kwazalwa kancane e-savva, kepha le njabulo yagcizelelwa yinkomba yokuzalwa komfana - izindebe ezingcwele.
UVrubel wabona "igazi eliphangiwe" futhi "ifa elibulalayo" futhi kusukela ngaleso sikhathi wacabanga futhi wahlakazeka. Lesi simo somphefumulo sibuyise kuwo wonke amadizayini okudala futhi sibuyele esithombeni sedemoni. Ezinyangeni ezimbili emva kokuzalwa kweNdodana, waqala isithombe esithi "Demoni sahlulwa". Sebenza kuyo kwaqhubeka unyaka, kuphazanyiswe kuphela isikhashana nje kufundisa ukulungiswa kwabafundi be-Stroganovsky School. Kepha isikhathi eside ukusuka e "Demoni" Vrubel Yehlulekile.
Lesi sithombe asibhalile njengoba exakile, kwesinye isikhathi ngehora lesi-20 ngosuku, azendle. Washintsha idemoni ledemoni, noma ngabe isithombe sesivele sisembusweni "womhlaba wobuciko". Ubungako obuhlukile bokuzibophezela abuthayo emahlombe akhe babhubhisa ukulingana okuxakile ngokwengqondo komculi. Umdwebi wangenela isimo esidabukisayo. Wazibona eyisigebengu esikufanele isijeziso sokuzivumela ukuba sibhale nobabili uKristu nedemoni.
Ukushona
Ngo-Ephreli 1902, uVrubel wafaka emtholampilo waseMoscow. Odokotela batholakele amakhosi agula ngengqondo. NgoMashi 1903, ukuxolelwa kwenzeka, futhi umculi wakhishwa, kodwa, njengoba kwenzeka kafushane. NgoMeyi wonyaka, indodana kaVrubel yafa, kwathi ngoSepthemba, uMikhail waphinde wawela emtholampilo. Amasonto amabi akhohliwe futhi abe nokho athathelwa indawo iwashi elizolile lokuqhathanisa - wabe esependa, nokho, ngesicelo sodokotela kuphela kusuka emvelweni, akukho lutho olungaqondakali.
Ukungaphumi, ngokuhamba kweminyaka, isifo esithuthukayo ngo-1906 sabangela ukulahleka kwesihlahla sokubuka. Eminyakeni emine eyedlule, uMikhail Alexandrovich uchithe ebumnyameni obusesibhedlela esibhedlela saseSt. Petersburg ukuze ugule ngokomqondo.
Umculi wahlupheka ngokomzimba eqinisweni lokuthi wayengasenalo ithuba lokucabanga ngokuphila, ukunyakaza kwakhe angazange abe nethuba lokuthola ibhulashi lakhe lomlingo. UVrubel akazange azame ukuzibulala, kepha, emi naku-Frosty Days ngaphansi kwewindi elivulekile, alethe amabomu ukuphela. UMikhail Alexandrovich wabulawa ukuvuvukala kwamaphaphu ngo-Ephreli 1, 1910. Inkulumo ekhuthazayo emngcwabeni, ebanjelwe e-NovoDevichy Cemetery, kusho u-Alexander Blok, ebiza umculi "ama-Bulletin eminyezwe."
Ngo-1913, ngaseVrub, ngangcwatshwa ngethemba leNtwumkhosi u-Ivanovna iminyaka emithathu.
Umsebenzi
- "Hamlet no-Okhalia";
- "Itshe Lamatshe";
- "Indiza yokulwa ne-mephistofel";
- "Primaver";
- "Izithunzi zeLagun";
- Iserafi enemibala eyisithupha;
- "IVenice";
- "Lilac";
- "Pan";
- "Idemoni lihleli";
- "Pearl";
- "Bogatyyr";
- "Intombi yeqhwa".